Simudzadabwitsa aliyense yemwe amakhala ndi ma apricots m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Chifukwa cha zoyeserera za obereketsa, mitundu yokhala ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri tsopano ipsa pano. Mutha kubzala mitengo ya apricot mdzikomo ngati wokonza dimbayo ali ndi malo okwanira komanso maluso oyenerera osamalira mitengo yazipatso.
Madeti obzala zipatso pakati pa Russia
M'madera omwe apurikoti amamva ngati wolandila, onse kubzala ndi nthawi yophukira kwa apurikoti ndikothekera, ngati palibe kutaya kwa nthawi ino, ndipo masamba sanadzuke. Mwachitsanzo, ku Stavropol Territory kapena Kuban, masiku oyenera kubzala zipatso za apricots amachokera pakati pa Okutobala mpaka pakati pa Novembala. Pakati panjira zinthu ndizovuta zina. Komabe, mitengo ya maapulo sikuti ndi yozizira ngati, mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa maapozi kapena peyala, mwamwayi imakhala yolimidwa pafupifupi m'dziko lonse. Chifukwa chake, kubzala kwa nyundo ya pophukira ndiwowopsa: kubzala mmera wozizira nthawi yozizira kumatha kuundana ndikufa.
Mlingo wa zipatso za apurikoti yozizira nthawi pang'ono umachulukitsidwa podzibzala pamtundu wa chitumbuwa kapena maula, komanso pamitengo ya taiga ngati Manchu apricot, koma izi zimathetsa vutoli pang'ono.
Ngati tikuganiza kubzala mmera womaliza kuchokera pagawo logawa, osati njira yonse yokukulitsa kuchokera pa ma apricot kernel, funso lobzala masiku apakati munjira siyabwino kwenikweni: liyenera kuchitika pokhapokha masika, ndipo makamaka kumayambiriro, masamba asanadzuke. Ndipo amayamba moyo wokangalika pa ma apricot ngakhale kale kuposa mtengo wa apulo, kotero masiku obzala mu kanjira apakati ndi olimba kwambiri. M'malo ambiri, sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri zokha zatsalira, ndikugwa kumapeto kwa Epulo, pomwe mbande zikadagona, ndikutha kale kugwira ntchito ndi nthaka. Mutha kuyesa kubzala mitengo ya zipatso kumapeto, pafupifupi pakati pa Seputembala, koma simuyenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri ngati ntchitoyo ingakhale yopanda pake.
Ngati mutatha kugula mmera wodalirika mu kugwa (pambuyo pa zonse, zimachitika: kugwa kulibe mwayi wothamangira mitundu yosakanikirana, ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amakhala achilungamo), itha kusiyidwa mpaka kumapeto. Mutha kuyiyika m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, koma ndibwino kukumba m'mundamo, ndikuuyika pang'ono paliponse pansi ndikuyiphimba ndi msuzi kapena mitengo ya pine. Koma kukonzekera konse kubzala kwa kasupe kuyenera kuchitika mu kugwa: kasupe, kukumba maenje obzala ndikukhwimitsa nthaka mwa iwo alibe nthawi yokwanira.
Momwe mungabzalire apricot kasupe pakatikati - njira ndi malangizo
Nyengo yapakati pa Russia, makamaka dera la Moscow, ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa chodabwitsanso nyengo yachisanu komanso kulephera kuneneratu kuti nyengo yozizira ikhoza kusiyana bwanji. Ndipo ngati zipatso zowuma kwambiri sizowopsa kwa mitundu yamakono ya apurikoti, yokhazikitsidwa makamaka nyengo yam'deralo, ndiye kuti thaws pafupipafupi komanso yosayembekezereka ndilo vuto lalikulu la mitengo ya ma apricot. Mizu imatenthetsedwa ndikuzunzika ndi nyemba za ayezi zopangika pambuyo pa thaws. Polimbana ndi chithaphwi, apurikoti amalumikizidwa pa maula kapena kutembenuka patali kuchokera ku mizu, kulikulu la sitolo yolimbana ndi chisanu. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia ndi ma apricots okha omwe amawoneka kuti ndi apricots. Amakula chifukwa cha nyengo, koma amapereka zipatso zazing'ono osati zokoma kwambiri. Tsopano zinthu zasintha.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya ma apricot imawerengedwa kuti ndi Northern Triumph, Lel, Krasnoshchekoy, Uchi ndi Zeus. Eastern Sayan, yomwe imamera ndi mtengo wawung'ono (mpaka 3 mita wamtali), womwe umathandizira kwambiri kukonza, umatchuka komanso m'nyumba zamalimwe.
M'zaka za XXI, mutha kugula mbande zam'minda yambiri yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka. Zowona, nthawi zambiri mumafunika kugula pamodzi: mtengo wazaka ziwiri uli mumtsuko ndi nthaka, osachepera chidebe, ndipo umalemera kwambiri. Ndiosavuta kubzala, osati m'chaka. Koma tikambirana za kubzala mwachizolowezi, pomwe mizu yonse ili kutsogolo kwathu ndipo titha kuwonetsetsa kuti ndi amphamvu komanso athanzi.
Kusankha malo okhalitsa
Kusankha malo kudziko lodzala mtengo wa ma apricot, muyenera kuzindikira mwachidziwikire kuti lidzakula nanu kwa zaka zosachepera 25.
Chifukwa chake, ntchito yoyamba ndikusankha malo pamalowo. Mtengo wa apricot umayankha moyenerera dothi lolemera lomwe limakulitsa dongo. Zopumira zowoneka bwino ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri. Zomwe dothi liyenera kukhala pafupi ndi ndale. Mitundu yambiri ya ma apricot ndi mitengo yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imabisa malo ozungulira. Apurikoti amatsitsa dothi kwamamita ambiri kuzungulira yokha: mizu yake imapitilira mopitilira korona. Chifukwa chake, palibe chomwe chingabzalidwe pafupi naye, ndipo izi ziyeneranso kukumbukiridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti maluwa atukuke bwino, ndikofunikira kubzala mitengo iwiri pafupi, kuwabzala mtunda wa mamita 3-4 kuchokera pa wina ndi mnzake. Apurikoti wopanda wokha amabala zipatso, koma zokolola pamenepa ndizochepa. Pafupi ndi icho, mutha kubzala maluwa otsika okha oyambira masika (tulips, daffodils, crocuses). Palibenso chifukwa chodzala apricot pomwe zipatso zina zamwala zatulutsidwa posachedwapa (mwachitsanzo maula kapena chitumbuwa).
Apurikoti wobzalidwa m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia amayenera kuyatsidwa kwambiri ndi dzuwa. Koma ngakhale izi sizofunikira kwambiri. Iyenera kutetezedwa kwakukulu kuti isawombe ndi kuwomba mphepo, makamaka kumpoto.
Malo opindulitsa kwambiri chifukwa cha ma apricot nthawi zambiri amakhala kwinakwake kumwera chakumaloko, makamaka ngati pamakhala chotchinga chamlengalenga m'nyumba kapena mpanda wopanda pake.
Ngati sizili choncho, ndikofunikira kupanga chophimba makamaka cha apurikoti. Nthawi zambiri, anthu okhala pachilimwe amayika zishango zopangidwa ndi utoto woyera kuchokera kuma board kapena zitsulo kuti kuwala kambiri dzuwa kugwere pamtengo wa apricot ndikuwotha mofulumira. Mulimonsemo, ikamatera, muyenera kupewa malo aliwonse otsika komwe mpweya wozizira umasonkhana. M'malo oterowo, madzi osungunuka nthawi zambiri amapangika, omwe amakhala ovuta kwambiri kwa apricot kuposa kuzizira kwambiri.
Nyumba zilizonse zazitali zimateteza mitengo ya ma apricot ku mphepo yamphamvu yakumpoto.
Mwachilengedwe, ma apricots nthawi zambiri amakulira m'mapiri, nthawi zina amakhala otsetsereka kwambiri kotero kuti amateteza malo otsetsereka kuti asakhetse mizu. Msewu wapakati wakudziko lathu kwenikweni ndi chigwa, ndipo kwa chilimwe okhalamo ndizophatikizanso: ndikosavuta kusamalira dimba. Ngakhale zili choncho, asayansi azaumoyo amalimbikitsa kuti azikumbukira nthawi yachilengedwe ya ma apricot ndikuyidzala pamiyala yokumba, ndipo iyenera kumangidwa mosasamala mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a nthaka pamalowo. Mulu wa ma apricot uyenera kukhala wamtunda mpaka theka la mita mpaka mita 2-3.
Zofunikira dzenje
Kodi phiri ndi chiyani, kupanga? Ntchito yomanga ikadafunikabe pokonzekera dzenje.
Ntchito yachiwiri: kukumba dzenje. Timachita kale kugwa. Izi ndizomwe amachita nthawi zonse pobzala mitengo m'mundamo: kukumba malo ouma ndi malo onyowa kumayambiriro kasupe sichosangalatsa chachikulu! Dzenje la apricot limakumba kolimba: miyeso yosachepera 70 cm mwakuya ndi mainchesi. Ngakhale sikofunikira m'mimba mwake: m'ziyang'aniro imatha kukhala lalikulu: zonse zosavuta komanso zambiri. Ngati nthaka yopanda chonde pamalopo, muyenera kukumba mozama kwambiri. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti dothi lakumtunda, lachonde limakutidwa mu mulu umodzi, ndipo lotsika, lopanda ntchito, lina, limachotsedwa pamalowo kapena kumwazikana panjira.
Pamenepa, nthaka yabwino, zikuwoneka kuti, idatha: zomwe zikupitilira ziyenera kutayidwa
Ntchito yachitatu: kukhetsa. Izi ndizotheka, kutengera kulimba kwa dothi patsambalo. Pankhani ya dongo, ngalande ndizofunikira: masentimita 10-15 a miyala, miyala, njerwa zosweka, ndi zina. Ngati mchenga uli kwambiri mdzikolo, ndiye kuti ndi chimodzimodzi: ndibwino kuyika dongo pansi pa dzenjelo, ndi wosanjikiza mpaka 15 cm. kuthirira madzi.
Ngati dothi loumbidwa ndi dothi, zotulutsira madziwo mu dzenje lobzala ndizofunikira
M'malo mwa miyala, alimi ena amaika mapepala pansi: siliva kapena chitsulo, ndikupanga cholepheretsa mizu kuti ilowe mwakuya. Mu dzenje loterolo, mizu imakula mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimawapulumutsa ku mavuto oyanjidwa ndi madzi apansi panthaka.
Ntchito yachinayi: kukonza chisakanizo chophatikiza. Pamwamba pa ngalande, dothi lochotsedwa mu dzenje kuchokera kumtunda lathiridwa. Koma ngakhale padziko lapansi, nthaka iyi imayenera kusakanikirana bwino ndi feteleza. Feteleza woyamba asanakudzala ndi organic: humus, kompositi, ndi manyowa owola pang'ono. Imafunika kwambiri: mutha kuthira 6. Mu michere yambiri yomwe ilipo, feteleza wambiri ndiwosavuta, kuti asatenge potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni m'magawo.
Azofoska, yemwe ali ndi michere yayikulu m'lingaliro labwino, watchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi.
Azofosku (mokweza: nitroammophosk) iyenera kugawidwa mofananiranawo ndi dothi lomwe lazumbuludwamo, kutenga pafupifupi 500. Ngati nthaka m'derali ndi acidic, muyenera kuwonjezera theka la ndowa kapena choko. Koma feteleza wabwino kwambiri pamundapo ndi phulusa. Phulusa ndiwodalirika kwambiri wa potaziyamu, yemwe amakonda kwambiri ma apricots, kuwonjezera apo, potaziyamu amatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono, kotero mutha kudzaza dzenje phulusa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo pothira theka ndowa ya phulusa kuchokera kunthambi zoyaka, matabwa ndi zinyalala zina zamatabwa.
Phulusa ndi imodzi mwazofunikira feteleza kwa mbewu zam'munda zambiri
Kukonzekera mbande
Yang'anirani mosamala mmera wa mitengo iliyonse yazipatso uyenera kukhalanso ndi kugula. Zosachita kufunsa kuti kugula m'misewu kwaogulitsa osawoneka si bizinesi yolimbikitsa. Tsopano m'mizinda yayikulu silivuto kupeza Network yodalirika yodalirika, koma m'mizinda yaying'ono mafunso otere nthawi zambiri amathetsedwa ndi chingwe: Olima m'munda amadziwana bwino.
Ntchito yachisanu: kusankha mmera. Mukapeza mmera wa apricot, chidwi chachikulu sichiyenera kulipira nthambi, koma zida zomwe zimadyetsa mtengowo: awa ndi mizu yake. Mizu yayikulu yomwe imachokera mwachindunji patsinde la tsinde iyenera kukhala itatu. Onsewa akhale opanda zophukira zochulukirapo, opirira, osama, osasweka, osawoneka ovuta. Ngati pali mizu yowonongeka pang'ono pakufukula, imatha kufupikitsidwa ndi kudulira koyambirira mpaka malo osawonongeka, koma nthawi yomweyo, onse mizu yayikulu ndi mafinya ochepa, ogwira ntchito pakufunafuna chinyontho m'nthaka ayenera kutsalira.
Mukamasankha mmera, sitimayang'ana kwambiri kunthambi (kudula choncho), koma mizu
Wodziwika kwambiri chifukwa chodzala mumsewu wapakati ndi mbande zazaka ziwiri: zimayamba kuzika mizu mosavuta ndipo zimatulutsa zipatso zoyamba. Koma zimachitika kuti mwana wazaka chimodzi zosavuta kuzizindikira bwino amazika mizu mosavuta: amangokhala ndi thunthu lopanda nthambi, mutabzala mudzayenera kupanga mtengo wamtsogolo kuchokera pachiwongola. Njirayi ndi yosangalatsa, koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali kudikira nyengo yonse kuposa nthawi yobzala mwana wazaka ziwiri.
Ntchito yachisanu ndi chimodzi: kukonza mmera wobzala. Mizu ya mmera wobwereredwa kudziko lanyumba kubzala masika iyenera kuyikika kwa mphindi zingapo pakulankhula kopangidwa ndi manyowa atsopano ndi dongo (m'chiyerekezo cha 1: 2), yogwedezeka m'madzi kusasintha kwa zonona wowawasa. Ngati mulibe wolankhula, sizowopsa, koma muyenera kungowayika m'madzi, pomwe agona mpaka ikamatera, ngati kuli kotheka kudzaza ndi chinyezi.
Kuchita ndi osakaniza dongo ndi mullein mbande zosavuta mizu
Tekinoloji yobzala ma apricot mumsewu wapakati
Chifukwa chake, ma apricot omwe ali mkatikati mwa dziko lathu ayenera kubzalidwa pa phiri laling'ono, lomwe limapangidwa osachepera 1.5-2 metres. Koma choyamba tidakumba dzenje ndikuikuta ndi dothi lachonde! Tikabzala, mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa maapozi, tinkatenga dothi molingana ndi kukula kwa mizu, ndikuyika mmera m'dzenje ndikuzaza mizu ndi nthaka. Pankhani ya apurikoti, chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, munthu safunika kuchita izi: mwina, m'malo mwake, azifunikirabe kumtunda, zimatengera kukula kwa mmera. Koma tisaiwale za kulimbitsa mmera kwa zaka zingapo zoyambirira.
Ntchito yachisanu ndi chiwiri: kuyika thandizo. Choyamba, muyenera kuyendetsa chimtanda cholimba m dzenje (chitoliro chachitsulo, kulimbikitsidwa kwakutali, mtengo wamatabwa kuchokera ku mtengo wawukulu wakale wa maapulo, etc.). Iyenera kugwira mwamphamvu ndikukhala panja pafupifupi mita. Mmera udzaikidwe pafupi ndi mtengo.
Mtanda womwe umakhala mdzenjemo uyenera kuyima molimba ndi kupirira zaka zingapo
Ntchito yachisanu ndi chitatu: kuyika chopondera pa dzenje. Nthawi zambiri, mmera umayenera kuyikidwa mu dzenje pokhapokha pamunda wa mundawo, kenako mizu itakutidwa ndi dothi. Zachidziwikire, ntchitoyi ndiosavuta kuchitira limodzi.
Mmera umayikidwa pafupi ndi mtengo, kenako ndikupanga mulu
Ntchito yachisanu ndi chinayi: ntchito yomanga gulu. Mmodzi mwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali pakubzala azigwira mmera ndi tsinde, ndikuyiyika pamalo owoneka bwino ndikufalitsa mizu mbali yake kuti atenge malo achilengedwe. Wosamalira dimba wina pang'onopang'ono adzafesa panthaka yabwino ndi chonde pamizu. Pokhapokha pozungulira dothi ndi phazi lanu, muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti pamapeto pake phiri limapangidwa. Sikoyenera kuyika feteleza, makamaka michere, m'mbali iyi ya nthaka kuti tisawotche mizu yaying'ono. Popeza tayamba kukula m'malo atsopano, iwonso adzafika panthaka yobwezeretsedwa, yomwe tidayikiramo.
Ngakhale zitunda zazing'ono zimathandizira kuti mizu ikhale yolimba ndi kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira
Chifukwa cha makonzedwe a phirilo, atatha kupanga dothi lokhazikika, khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pamwamba. Ndizabwino ngati masentimita 2-3 pamwamba pamwamba pa phirili, koma sizovomerezeka kuti khosi la mizu likhalabe mobisalira: kumakhala kovulaza kwambiri ngati mizu ina italibe yokutidwa ndi dothi.
Ntchito khumi: kumanga mbewu. Pambuyo pokonzekera knolo timatenga riboni yolimba popanda kusokonezedwa timangiriza mbiya kumtengo womwe unayendetsedwa kale. Omwe alimi onse amadziwa momwe angachitire bwino, ndipo amatcha mawonekedwe akuti "eyiti."
G8 imagwira mwamphamvu, koma siyimasokoneza kukula
Ntchito khumi ndi imodzi: chipangizo chozungulira. Mu zaka zoyambirira, mtengo wobzalidwa m'malo atsopano amafunika kupatsidwa madzi akumwa mpaka mizu yamphamvu itakula bwino. Chifukwa chake, kutali ndi thunthu, kuzungulira kozungulira kwa mulu, ndikofunikira kupanga mtundu wodzigudubuza kuti madziwo asathamange phirili panthawi yothirira. Mu nthawi yophukira, chopondera ichi chimayenera kupachikika kuti nthawi yozizira imatsekeretsa madziwo momasuka: madzi ochulukirapo nthawi yozizira amakhala owopsa kuposa kuchepera kwa chilimwe. Chapakatikati padzakhala kofunikira kuti mudzazikenso lapansi ndikuchita izi zaka zingapo zoyambirira.
Roller (mbali) posungira madzi adzafunika zaka zingapo
Ntchito khumi ndi iwiri: kuthirira mmera. Ndowa zoyamba zochepa zamadzi ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa mmera mutabzala. Chenjezo osasamba pamwamba pa phirilo. M'chilimwe choyamba ndikofunikira kuthilira madzi mwadongosolo: nthaka siyiyenera kuuma tsiku limodzi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, phirili limayenera kumasulidwa kuti mpweya wokwanira ufike mizu yomwe ikula. Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu, ndibwino kuthirira apurikoti ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa. Ma apricots akuluakulu samakonda kuthiriridwa madzi: nthawi yotentha, yomwe nthawi zonse imakhala yovuta, amatha kudzipangira okha mizu yamphamvu.
Phirili litha kuphimbidwa ndi kamba kapena udzu wobzala pamenepo: udzu ndi masamba onunkhira ngati mandimu. Udzu umafunika kuchekedwa nthawi ndi nthawi, pomwe ma apricot amakhala ndi mulch wachilengedwe.
Ntchito khumi ndi zitatu: Kuchepetsa. Mtengo wobzala apricot uyenera kudulidwa pang'ono nthawi yomweyo. Cholinga cha kudulira kwapachaka ndi kupanga, pamapeto pake, korona wamphamvu wopezeka ndi dzuwa. Pakadali pano, tikufuna koyamba, kufupikitsa.Ntchito yake ndi yozika mizu yomwe sinazike mizu nthawi yoyamba kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu yodyetsa gawo lakumanzere.
Ngati munabzala nthambi pachaka yopanda nthambi, mumangofunika kufupikitsa pafupifupi gawo lachitatu. Ndikofunikira kusiya thunthu kutalika osati kupitirira mita, ndipo nthawi zambiri 60-80 masentimita.
Ngati mwana wazaka ziwiri wobzalidwa, ndiye kuti, mtengo womwe watenga kale mbali zam'mbali, muyenera kudula mmera kwambiri. Tasanthula nthambi mosamala, timasankha ziwiri zamphamvu kwambiri, koma zopezeka, ngati zingatheke, moyang'anizana ndi kutalika mosiyana. Tsekani khutu lanu ndi theka. Zina ziyenera kudulidwatu, mwa "mphete". Musaiwale kuphimba mosamala magawo onse ndi mitundu yamaluwa.
Kudulira kwa apurikoti ndikosavuta, njira imakwanira mu chithunzi pamwambapa.
Chabwino, ndi zimenezo. Zimangodikirira, koma tili ndi masitepe 13, chiwerengerocho sichabwino. Gawo khumi ndi zinayi ndi kudikirira kuti zipatso zoyamba ziwoneke. Zabwino!
M'minda ya dacha chapakati pa Russia, kubzala mitengo ya maapozi sikungafanane ndi mbewu zina zambiri m'munda: umabzalidwa paphiri lomwe linapangidwa mwaluso. Ndikofunikira kusankha mosamala malo ndi kubzala mtengo, ndikutsatira malamulo onse. Kenako, mosamala, makamaka mchilimwe choyamba, ma apricot amakula ngati mtengo wolimba ndipo amasangalatsa mwiniwakeyo ndi mbewu zabwino.
