Cherries Vladimirskaya wakhala wotchuka kwazaka zambiri, osati kokha pakati wamaluwa amateur. Amakula pamakampani. Zosiyanasiyana ndizazakale za ku Russia, zomwe zimapangitsa kupezeka kwake m'mundamu kuti esengothandiza, komanso kosangalatsa: momwe mungadzitamande ndi nthano ya retro kwa anansi anu!
Nkhani
Dzina la Vladimirskaya chitumbuwa limalumikizidwa ndi dzina la mzinda wa Vladimir. Amakhulupirira kuti zifanizo zoyambirira zidawonekera kuyambira 7th mpaka 1200 kuthokoza amonke omwe adabweretsa mbande kuchokera ku Greece. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, Kalonga Andrei Bogolyubsky adabweretsa mtengowo kuchokera ku Kiev, atayala Patriarchal Garden. M'zaka za zana la 19, mzinda wa Vladimir unali wotchuka ku Russia konse chifukwa cha zipatso zake zamitengo ya zipatso, zomwe zinakwana 400.
M'munda wa Patriarchal, mitundu 5 ya Vladimir Cher idakula: Roditeleva, Sayka, Levinka, Bel ndi Vasilyevsky chitumbuwa chotchuka, komanso mapeyala, mitengo ya apulo ndi zipatso zina ndi zipatso za mabulosi.
Masiku ano Vladimir Cherry ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za mzindawu. Pakhomo la Munda wotchuka wa Patriarchal pali chipilala chopita kumabulosi m'njira ya zipatso za granite zokhala ndi zitsamba zamkuwa.
Pakhomo la Chipinda cha Patriarchal ku Vladimir adakhazikitsa chipilala ku Vladimir Cherry
Zosiyanasiyana zidasinthidwa mu 1947 ndipo kuyambira pano zakhala zikutchuka pakati pa olima minda.
Mundawo udakhazikitsidwa ndi mitengo ya chitumbuwa, makamaka Vladimir chitumbuwa
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Mtengo wamtchirewo umafika mpaka 5m kutalika. Chitumbuwa chomwe chimapanga chitsamba. Korona amakhala wozungulira, wokhala ndi masamba ochepa mphamvu, nthambi zake zamchifuzi zikugwedezeka, ndikuwukweza pa 60 °. Masamba okhala ndi mphalaphala ali ndi chiwonetsero cholunjika, m'mphepete mwa iwo ndi bicapillary (ngati serrate, koma ndi ma denticles ang'onoang'ono owonjezera). Kutalika kwa masamba - 8 cm, m'lifupi - 3 cm, mtundu - wobiriwira wakuda.
Akuluakulu Vladimirskaya Cherry afika 5 mita kutalika
Maluwa amayamba mu Meyi. Asanakhwime zipatso zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri (masiku 60). Nthambi zapakatikati zimasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence mwa zidutswa za 5-7.
Yemweyo chitumbuwa Vladimirskaya amatanthauza tchire mitundu
Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mtundu wakuda ndi wofiira, mbewu ndizochepa. Kukula kwa chipatso ndi pakati ndipo zimatengera momwe zinthuzo (zimakhalira zazing'ono). Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kokoma komanso wowawasa, wogwirizana. Zosiyanasiyana ndizofunikira pamawu okometsera, mchere, imodzi mwabwino kwambiri: zabwino komanso zatsopano, komanso zamitundu yonse yokonza.
Zipatso yamatchuthi mitundu Vladimir pafupifupi kukula
Zosiyanasiyana ndizakatundu koyambirira. Kukucha kumachitika kumapeto kwa Julayi. Kucha kwaphokoso kumawonedwa ngati gawo, chifukwa cha zomwe zipatso zimatha kugwa. Zipatso zimayendetsedwa bwino. Zochulukitsa ndizapakatikati, kutengera nyengo yachisanu ndi dera (pansi pazabwino, zitha kufika 20 kg kuchokera pamtengo umodzi). Zomera zobwezeretsedwa zimayamba kubala zipatso mwachangu - mchaka cha 2-3.
Zipatso za Vladimir Vladimir zosiyanasiyana ndizodzala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kubzala mitengo iyi kokha sikubweretsa mbewu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pollinator ikufunika pafupi.
Mitundu yamatcheri amitundu Vladimirskaya
Popeza ma cherries ali ndi mbiri yayitali, ndipo alimi ambiri omwe ankachita nawo chidwi anali osankhidwa, sikuti ndi osiyana mitundu. M'malo mwake, awa ndi msakanizo wamatcheri ogwirizana kwambiri, omwe ali ofanana kwambiri. Mutha kupeza mayina ngati awa:
- Gorbatovskaya;
- Vyaznikovskaya;
- Roditeleva;
- Izbylevskaya;
- Dobroselskaya.
Gome: Vladimirskaya cherry pollinators
| Cherry | Makhalidwe ofunikira kwambiri kuthengo | Makhalidwe Abwino | Zopatsa |
| Lyubskaya | Mitengo yaying'ono, mpaka 2,5 m | Pakati ndi akulu, okoma ndi wowawasa kukoma, cholinga - konsekonse, koyenera kulima mafakitale | Kufikira 25 makilogalamu, zipatso zoyambirira, mchaka cha 2-3, chodzilimbitsa |
| Amorel pinki | Mitengo yayikulu-yayikulu, mpaka 3 m | Thupi la pinki, kukoma wowawasa wowawasa, koyenera kokha pakumwa watsopano | Mpaka 18 makilogalamu, zipatso mu 4th-5th chaka |
| Chonde Michurina | Mitengo ndiyotsika - mpaka 2,5 m, chisoti chachifumu ndichachikulu kwambiri, chofalikira | Mayendedwe abwino, osiyanasiyana amapezeka m'malo ena apakati Russia | Mpaka 30-45 kg, wodzilimbitsa, amabala zipatso mchaka cha 2-3, zimayenda bwino ndi Lyubskaya |
Komanso ma pollinators abwino ndi awa:
- Turgenevka;
- Griot waku Moscow;
- Vole;
- Botolo ndilopinki;
- Vasilievskaya;
- Chovala cha ubweya ndi pinki;
- Rastunya;
- Katundu wa ogula ndi wakuda.
Vladimirskaya palokha ilinso pollinator wabwino; imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwabwino kwambiri kwa Turgenevka, Mtsikana wa Chocolate.
Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira kwa mitunduyo kumakhala kwakukulu, koma sikuyenera kulimidwa kumpoto kwa Russian Federation: kutentha kochepa kumawononga zipatso. Izi sizimabweretsa pakufa kwa chomera, koma zimakhudza zipatso zake. M'madera a Kumpoto (Siberia, Urals), palibe makilogalamu oposa 5-6 omwe angathe kulandira mtengo umodzi. Komabe, kumpoto komweko mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kukhala ngati nyama (ndiye kuti, mbewu zina zimalumikizidwa kwa iyo), komanso ndi kholo la mitundu ina yogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, mwachitsanzo, maKerasa a Krasa Severa.
Kusankha kubzala zakuthupi
Mutha kugula mbande pafupifupi pa nazale, koma mwa alimi, zofunikira kuchokera mumzinda wa Vladimir zimayamikiridwa.
Momwe mungasankhire mmera:
- Bola kutenga kukakamizidwa pachaka. Idzamera mwachangu kuposa mtengo wazaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, uyamba kubala zipatso m'mbuyomu.
- M'pofunika kusankha mizu yolimba komanso yopanda thanzi, musanafufuze zochita za tizilombo. Njira yabwino ndi nthambi zingapo pamtengo womwewo komanso mizu yamphamvu.
- Gulani zinthu ziyenera kugwera.
Malo ofikira
Muyenera kuganizira bwino kusankha malo, chifukwa mtengowo udzakhalako zaka 15-20 zotsatirazi. Korona wa chomera chachikulire chikufalikira, mozungulira, mulifupi mwake ndi 2-3 m.
Chofunikira ndikuti zipatso zamiyala zimabzalidwe pafupi wina ndi mnzake momwe zingathere. Ngakhale ili ndimtundu wotsutsana (ena amakhulupirira kuti kupitirira pamenepo), sizikupanga nzeru kuyika ma Vladimirskaya ma cherter mtunda wautali wa 3 m kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, ndipo pakuyambitsana bwino ndibwino kuti mtunda ukhale wocheperako.
Mukamasankha malo, werengani:
- kupezeka kwa mipanda ndi nyumba pafupi;
- katundu wa nthaka ndi machitidwe apansi pamadzi;
- kukhalapo kwa ma landings ena.
Dothi labwino, lopanda chonde lomwe limapangidwa ndi mchere wokwanira limakonda. Mtundu - mchenga woterera wopanda kanthu. Malowa akhale owala, makamaka kumwera. Mipanda, mipanda, nyumba zomwe zimaganizira kukula kwa korona ndizofunikira. Kupanga mpanda kumapangitsa kuti kusamavute kusungidwa chisanu nthawi yozizira, komanso kwa Vladimir Cherry nyengo yachisanu yozizira ndiyofunikira kwambiri.
Asanabzala, malowo amakumbidwa, manyowa amabweretsedwa (mpaka 15 makilogalamu pa 1 mita2), superphosphate kapena phosphoric ufa, potashi feteleza 100 g iliyonse.
Cherry imakonda chinyezi chambiri. Kuyandikira kwa madzi apansi panthaka kungalepheretse kukula kwa mtengowo, kukhudza zokolola. Onani kupezeka kwa madzi - sayenera kukhala oyandikira kuposa 1.5-2 mamita kuchokera panthaka.
Musanabzale, dulani kumtengo kwa mtengo mpaka 60-80 cm. M'madera akumwera, mmera wabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika kumapeto, kuzizira - kasupe. Ngati mmera udagulidwa mu kugwa, kuti atetezeke, amawonjezera (mkuyu. 1 ndi 2) mu mizere 35 cm, ndikuyika pakona 40, ikani korona kumwera, mudzaze mizu, phatikizani dothi, ndikuthirira. Nthaka ya mtengo imakutidwa ndi nthambi za spruce - izi zimateteza nthambi kuti zisazizidwe ndi makoswe.
Kwa nthawi yozizira, mbande za chitumbuwa ziyenera kukumbidwa kuti ziziteteza
M'madera ozizira (Siberia, Ural) Vladimirskaya amangokhalidwa masika.
Kutengera: malangizo a sitepe ndi sitepe
Nthawi yobzala masika imasiyanasiyana madera. M'matawuni, amachitika m'ngululu, chisanu chikasungunuka. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani tsiku louma komanso lotentha. Zitsime zakonzedwa pasadakhale - patatsala mwezi umodzi kuti mubzale, kukumba mabowo 60 cm kukula kwake3 mtunda wa 3 m kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kutalika kwa 3.5 m kumasungidwa pakati pa mizereyi. Khomani limayendetsedwa pakatikati pa mapwando aliwonse - lithandiza chomera chaching'ono. Kubzala maenje manyowa ngati izi sizinachitike pokumba. Kuti muchite izi, pangani:
- phulusa - 0,5 makilogalamu;
- feteleza wa phosphorous - 300 g;
- feteleza wa potaziyamu - 80 g;
- manyowa - 15 kg.
Mbande zakonzedwa (zoyesedwa ndikusankhidwa) zibzalidwe:
- Pafupi ndi msomali, dziko lapansi limatsanulidwa, ndikupanga phiri la 50 cm.
- Mizu ya mmera imafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, ikakonkhedwa ndi nthaka pamwamba, mosamala, koma ndikupanga.
- Pangani kabowo kakang'ono pafupi ndi mtengo.
- Madzi abwino (mmera umodzi - zidebe zitatu za madzi, zomwe ziyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa chipinda).
- Nthaka yomwe imathiriridwa ndikumwaza ndi dothi, mtengowo umamangidwa.
Mutabzala, chitumbuwacho chimayenera kumangirizidwa ndi msomali woikidwa mu dzenjelo
Kanema: momwe mungabzalire chitumbuwa
The kusiyanitsa chisamaliro
Panthawi yogwira, izi zidzafunika:
- Kuthirira - zidebe za 3-4 pachomera chilichonse. Ngati chilimwe chikugwa mvula, mumangofunika feteleza wowonjezera.
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu amawerengera zipatso za zipatso.
- Mukugwa - kuthirira kwamadzi kuthilira.
- Kuchulukana kwa dothi. Ndi gawo lofunikira pakusamalira mitengo. Ngakhale dothi lokhalamo acidic, yamatcheri imamera bwino, ndipo zokolola sizingayembekezere konse. Asanadzalemo mu nthaka ya acidic, laimu iyenera kuwonjezeredwa. M'kupita kwa nthawi onjezani zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa acidity: potaziyamu ndi calcium.
Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi hardiness yozizira yozizira, kotero pogona nyengo yachisanu sichikhala chopanda tanthauzo. Chozungulira mtengo wokutidwa ndi peat, utuchi, wozungulira (koma osati watsopano) masamba.
Kuteteza motsutsana ndi makoswe, gawo lamunsi la thunthu ndi nthambi zimakutidwa ndi burlap kapena pepala lililonse lakuda (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyuzipepala, koma makamaka kukulunga kapena pepala lokutira). Kuchokera pamwamba valani zofunda. Ichi si chitetezo chodalirika ku makoswe, chifukwa chake mutha kuganizira za zinthu monga: mabotolo apulasitiki, makungwa a birch, ruberoid, ma mesh iron, ma nylon tights, ma fruce fir.
Kubzala kudulira ndikusintha
Malamulo oyambira:
- Kudulira kwamtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi malo osangalatsa kwambiri. Ngati mulibe chidaliro mu luso lanu, ndibwino kuti musazichite konse.
- Chapakatikati, njirayi imagwiridwa pambuyo pokutira kwa impso, chifukwa chiopsezo cha matenda opezeka ndi bowa chikuwonjezeka.
- Onetsetsani kuti mukuchotsa nthambi zomwe zikukula mkati mwa korona, zowuma, zowonongeka ndi matenda.
- Kudulira kumachitika mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Chapakatikati - cholinga cha mapangidwe, pakugwa - monga kupewa matenda. Kudulira kwamalimwe kumachitika kokha pam mitengo yopangidwa bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, njirayi ndiyosavomerezeka.
Vidiyo: Kudulira kwa Cherry
Kulimbana ndi Matenda Aakulu
Matenda ofala kwambiri a chitumbuwa, monga moniliosis ndi cocecycosis. Njira zothanirana ndi matenda ndizofanana, popeza zonse zimakhala ndi mabakiteriya ndi fungus. Ndikwabwino kuyang'ana pakupewa, chifukwa chomera chomwe chili kale ndi chovuta kwambiri kuchiza.
Chitani izi:
- Masamba akayamba kuphuka (gawo lanthete yobiriwira), mtengowo umathandizidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi 3%.
- Maluwa atangomalizika, mbewuyo imakathira madzi ndi Bordeaux madzi (1%) kapena mankhwala Skor (kwa malita 10 a madzi - 1 ampoule). Bwerezani izi patatha milungu itatu.
- M'dzinja, masamba omwe agwa amachotsedwa, mtengo ndi nthaka yozungulira amazichiritsa ndi 7% urea.
- Chotsani zipatso zosapsa, popewa kugwa kwawo. Zipatso zopatsirana zimasankhidwa ndikuwonongeka.
- Kuchita kudulira mwaukhondo. Zowonongeka, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku hommosis, zimadulidwa kapena kumangidwira minofu yathanzi, imathandizidwa ndi zobiriwira zowoneka bwino kapena yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate (3%). Pambuyo kupukuta mabala, varous wa m'munda umayikidwa.
Gome: matenda akulu a chitumbuwa
| Matendawa | Kufotokozera |
| Coccomycosis | Choyamba, madontho ofiira amawonekera kumunsi kwa masamba, omwe amaphatikizana ndi mawanga |
| Kleasterosporiosis (malo owoneka bwino) | Mizu imapezeka pa masamba, zipatso, mphukira zazing'ono. Popita nthawi, amasintha kukhala mabowo: peel ya zipatso imang'ambika, zipatso zimang'ambika, khungubwe limawonongeka ndikutayika kwa chingamu |
| Moniliosis (moto woyaka) | Minyewa ya bowa nthawi yoyenda kudzera m'miyala ikulowa mu nkhuni, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa michere ndi masamba, mphukira zimatha |
| Anthracnose | Zipatso zimakhudzidwa: woyamba amawoneka, kenako ma tubercles. Zikho zimawuma. 80% ya mbewu zonse zimakhudzidwa ndi mvula |
| Gummosis | Dzinalo limatchedwa kuti kumalizika kwa chingamu pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zofala kwambiri ndi ming'alu chifukwa cha chisanu, kuwonongeka kwambiri kwa moniliosis, kuwonongeka kwa makina, komwe kumakhala zambiri bowa kapena mabakiteriya |
Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Zizindikiro zakunja za matenda a Cher
- Ndi coccomycosis, masamba a chitumbuwa amavutika
- Ndi moniliosis, masamba ndi mphukira zamatcheri zimawuma
- Gommosis pa chitumbuwa chimawoneka kuchokera pakuwonongeka
- Ndi kleasterosporiosis mabowo mawonekedwe pa masamba ndi zipatso za chitumbuwa
- Anthracnose amakhudza zipatso za chitumbuwa
Cherry tizilombo
Tizilombo tina tili ndi magwiridwe otere:
- Kutolera kwa kafadala kumachitika nthawi yozizira, pamene tizilombo tayamba kuzimiririka. Amagwedezeka pa zinyalala, kenako nkuwonongedwa.
- Pa mitengo ikuluikulu mumange malamba osaka.
- Mankhwalawa amachitika ndikukonzekera bwino kwambiri anthu, monga Actara kapena Fitoverm. Amapanga pang'ono kutsegula masamba, kubwereza njirayi atatha maluwa.
Gome: njira zochotsetsa tizirombo tina tambiri tambiri
| Mtundu wa tizilombo | Njira zomenyera nkhondo |
| Aphid chitumbuwa | Kufufuza ndi chisakanizo cha Fitoverm ndi sopo (1 tbsp. L. Kuphatikizika pa 10 l ya madzi, nthawi 1 m'masabata awiri) |
| Cherry Weevil | Kutoleretsa akulu, njira zochizira matenda |
| Cherry sawfly | Kutoleretsa akulu, njira zochizira matenda |
| Cherry mphukira | Kugwira toyesa wamkulu, masika othandizira a Fitoverm |
Zithunzi Zithunzi: Mawonekedwe a Cherry Orchard Tizilombo
- Mutha kuthana ndi nsabwe za chitumbuwa pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la Fitoverm ndi sopo
- Kuchokera pa chiwombankhanga chautchire, chopereka cha akulu okha ndi chomwe chimathandiza
- Ikakhala ndi njenjete yowombera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikuyenera kugwidwa
- Cherry weevil imakololedwa ndi dzanja ngati munthu wamkulu.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Ubwino:
- Zipatso zokoma zokhala ndi shuga wabwino, zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
- Imanyamulidwa mwangwiro.
- Kusamalira kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
- Korona wokongola, wokongola, wokongoletsa kwambiri. Zomera zidzakongoletsa mundawo.
Chuma:
- Kuchita lero sikuti ndizokwera kwambiri ndipo zimatengera dera.
- Kufunika koperekera mungu.
- Kutsutsa kochepa matenda.
- Kutsika kwazizira kochepa. Zosiyanasiyana sizoyenera kulimidwa kumadera opanda nyengo yosakhazikika kapena malo ozizira.
Ndemanga
... panali Vladimirka pang'ono, koma sindinganene kuti ndi wowawasa, ndimakonda.
S-alek
//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t12818.html
Tinabzala Vladimirka, Shubinka, Lyubskaya. Zopanda phindu, mtunduwo unkamenyedwa ndi chisanu nthawi zonse, zipatsozo zinali - kamodzi kapena kawiri ndipo sizinagwiritsidwe bwino ntchito. Ndipo, pomaliza, aliyense amayamba kuzizira. :( Cottage 60 km kudutsa msewu wawukulu wa Yaroslavl
kisa
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/46170/page-2
Takhala tikuzunzidwa ndi Vladimir pafupifupi zaka 15. Mitengo ina imafa, ina imachokera ku mizu yowombera - njira yokhazikika. Koma pakakhala mtengo wazaka zokwanira - pali zipatso. Zowona, n'zovuta kuzitcha zipatso - fupa lokutidwa pakhungu. Chiwembuchi m'chigawo cha Vladimir, kupyola Cockerels, chili kumtunda.
SSV
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/46170/page-2
Ndili ndimatcheri atatu omwe akukula m'dera la Yaroslavl - Zhukovskaya, Vladimirskaya ndi Moscow Griot. Vladimirskaya amakonda choncho, Zhukovskaya ndibwino, zipatso zake ndi zakuda, koma Griot waku Moscow ndiye chitumbuwa chabwino kwambiri chomwe ndili nacho!
Lilith
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/46170/page-7
Ponena za Vladimirskaya, izi sizilinso zamitundu mitundu, koma gulu la ma clones, ndi osiyana kwambiri. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha kusakhala kwachilengedwe komanso kufalitsa mbewu zambiri pofesa mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiosadzilimbitsa, osagonjetsedwa ndi cococycosis, owuma pang'ono nthawi yozizira, Osakoma kwambiri.
Andrey Vasiliev
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/46170/page-13
Ndinayesa mitundu yonseyi kuchokera ku Dessert Morozova kupita ku American Nord Star ... ngati Vladimirka ndi Chitata Pride ataweruka patatha zaka zitatu, ndiye kuti chaka chino sakukhalanso. Ndipo zonsezi ndimapangidwe atatu a pachaka a Bordeaux. Ndidasiya chitumbutsocho, kwathunthu.
Horseradish
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/46170/page-26
Pali munda wachikale wamatcheri a Vladimir, ali ndi zaka zopitilira 70. Chitumbuwacho ndi chokongola, chachikulu, chakuda, ndimachikonda.
Sonya Makarovka
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/46170/page-30
Cherry Vladimirskaya akadali malo oyenera m'munda wamaluwa. Ubwino wake umayesedwa kwa nthawi. Nthawi yomweyo, amakhalanso ndi zovuta: kukana chisanu chochepa, kusakhazikika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana - m'malo mwa zipatso zazikulu, mutha kupeza zazing'ono osati zokoma kwambiri.
