Ngale Moskvichka: "kanthu kakang'ono ka mzinda"

Peyala ndi imodzi mwazipatso zakale kwambiri. Mtundu wa anthu walenga mitundu masauzande a mtengo. Ndikosavuta kuyendayenda munyanja yazidziwitso zotere. Zosiyanasiyana Moskvichka ndi imodzi mwazomwe zili ku Central Russia, makamaka ku Moscow ndi m'chigawo cha Moscow. Mudziweni bwino.

Kufotokozera kwa kalasi

Kupezeka mu 1979 ku Moscow Agricultural Academy ndi njira yopukutira mwaulere peyala yakale yaku America ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Kiffer. Muscovite anaposa kholo pa kulawa zipatso ndi kuuma kwa dzinja, kutengera kwa iye kukhwima, zipatso, kucha kwa nthawi yophukira. Zosiyanasiyana zidaphatikizidwa ku State Register mu 2001 ndikupanga zigawo za Middle Volga, Volga-Vyatka ndi Central. Zagawidwa mokwanira ku Moscow ndi dera la Moscow.

Kupukutira kwaulere ndi njira yolerera yomwe mbande zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mungu wochokera mwa njuchi ndi njuchi. Iyi ndiye njira yosavuta yosankhira zotsatira zomwe sizinachitike.

Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi mtengo wamtali wamtali wamtambo wokhala ndi korona wamitundu iwiri, womwe umapangidwa ndi nthambi zachigoba zopindika ndi khungwa lotuwa lowala. Kukula kwa mphukira ndizochepa. Tsoka ilo, sizinali zotheka kupeza magwero - pa masamba amtundu wankhono Moskvichka amabala zipatso. Zima hardiness za zosiyanasiyana ndi avareji, maluwa mochedwa. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira pakukula kwa khungu ndi zipatso zowola. Kukhwima koyambirira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mape - mchaka chachitatu ndi chachinayi mutabzala, mutha kudalira mbewu yoyamba. Kutha kudziyambitsa nokha kulibe. Ma pollinator abwino kwambiri a Muscovites ndi mapeyala a mitundu Lyubimitsa Yakovleva ndi Bergamot Moscow.

Ngale ya Muscovite nthawi yophukira yophukira - kutengera nyengo, zipatso zimacha kuyambira koyamba mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Kufesa zipatso ndi kofooka. Kupanga kukhazikika, pafupifupi. Mtengo umodzi umatulutsa zipatso zolemera ma kilogalamu 35; pamlingo wamafakitale, zokolola wamba zimakhala 126,5 c / ha. Zipatso zimasungidwa kwa masiku 25-30, ndipo malinga ndi VNIISPK (All-Russian Institute for the Selection of Fru Crops), mpaka masiku 80-100 amatha kusungidwa pamtunda wa 0 ° C, kuthekera wamba.

Zipatso zimakhala mozungulira mochulukirapo komanso mochuluka kwambiri mokulira. Kulemera kwakukulu chipatso chimodzi ndi 130 gm. Mtundu wa khungu ukachotsedwa umakhala wachikasu, ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono, otchedwa subcutaneous dots. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala dzimbiri kwambiri, nthawi zina pamakhala kukomoka, kooneka bwino. Khungu limakhala lopyapyala, logunda, mafuta. Thupi ndi loyera chikasu, yowutsa mudyo, wopanda mafuta, loyera bwino. Kununkhaku ndi wowawasa-wokoma, wosangalatsa, wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu la peyala. Kuwonetsedwa kwa chipatso ndikabwino kwambiri, cholinga chake ndichonse, zosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa pamalonda.

Mtundu wa khungu la peyala Muscovite ukanyongedwa ndi chikasu cha mtundu wachikasu, ndipo ndimatumba ambiri ang'onoang'ono, otchedwa subcutaneous dots

Kubzala peyala yamtundu Moskvichka

Peyala imakula bwino komanso kubala zipatso zambiri pokhapokha ngati idapangira nyengo yabwino. Peyala yamtundu uliwonse imamverera bwino pamalo ocheperako kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo, otetezedwa kumpoto kapena kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa mphepo yozizira. Chitetezo choterocho chimatha kukhala mitengo yayitali, mpanda kapena khoma la nyumba. Ndikofunikira kubzala peyala patali pang'ono ndi zotchingira izi kuti zisawonekere mumthunzi wakuda. Peyala imakonda dzuwa ndipo limangotulutsa bwino. M'malo otentha komanso malo okhala ndi malo oyandikana ndi nthaka, peyalayo singakule - imakonda kuchotsa muzu ndi tsinde. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa ndikuthiridwa. Popanga, dothi lolemera mu humus ndi loyenererana bwino, pamadothi osavuta amchenga komanso amchenga, peyala imatha kubzala pokhoma kubzala maenje akuluakulu (1-1,5 m³) mavoliyamu odzaza ndi michere yachonde. Acidity ya dothi iyenera kukhala mumtundu wa pH 5.5-6, ndiyotheka ndipo pH 4.2-4.4, koma pa peyala zamchere zimapweteka ndipo sizingakule. Mtunda pakati pa mitengo yoyandikana mu mzere uyenera kuwonedwa mkati mwa 4-4,5 metres, ndipo pakati pa mizere mtunda suyenera kupitirira 5 metres. Ndi pobzala izi, kupuma bwino ndikuwunikira korona zamitengo kudzakwaniritsidwa, komanso mikhalidwe idzapangidwa kuti ikhale yosavuta kukonzanso ndikukolola.

Mtunda pakati pa mitengo yoyandikana mu mzere uyenera kuwonedwa mkati mwa 4 4,5,5 metres, ndipo pakati pa mizere mtunda suyenera kupitirira 5 metres

M'madera omwe mitengo ya peyala ya Moscow imabzalidwa, kubzala mbande zoyambirira kumakhala koyenera. Mitengo yobzalidwa yophukira, monga lamulo, ilibe nthawi yoti mizu ikule ndikukula - chifukwa, sangathe kupulumuka nyengo yozizira ndikufa. Chapakatikati, amasankha nthawi yomwe madzi otuluka asanayambebe, koma dothi latenthedwa kale ndipo masamba atsala pang'ono kuyamba kukula. Mukabzala, mbande zikuyenera kukhala pamalo opanda matalala.

Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa ingabzalidwe nthawi iliyonse - kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala.

Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa ingabzalidwe nthawi iliyonse - kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala

Odziwa odziwa zamaluwa samayimitsa kaye mwayi wokhala mbande mpaka masika. Amadziwa kuti kusankha bwino kubzala mwakuthupi. Pakadali pano, nazale zimakukula mbande kuti zigulitsidwe, ndipo kasupe adzagulitsa zotsalira. Njira zazikulu pakusankha mmera ndi zaka ndi momwe mizu imayambira. Zaka zolimbikitsidwa ndi zaka ziwiri kapena ziwiri. Mukakalamba, mitengo imakula ndikukula ndipo pambuyo pake imabala zipatso. Lamuloli siligwira ntchito kwa mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka. Mizu yosunthika iyenera kukonzedwa bwino, popanda zophuka ndi ma cones. Pa mitengo ikuluikulu komanso nthambi, makungwa amayenera kukhala osalala, athanzi, opanda ming'alu komanso kuwonongeka.

Mizu ya mmera imayenera kupangidwa bwino, popanda zophuka ndi ma cones

Masika asanafike, mmera uzikumbidwa m'mundamo kuti ukasungidwe bwino. Njira yosavuta motere ndi motere:

1. Kumbani dzenje laling'ono kutalika kwa mita mita ndi mita 0.3-0.4.
2. Danga losanjikiza limathiridwa pansi.
3. Mizu ya mmera imamizidwa mu yankho la mullein ndi dongo ndi kusinthasintha kwa kirimu wowawasa kirimu (wotchedwa wokamba) ndikumauma pang'ono. Kuphimba koteroko kumalepheretsa mizu kuti isayime.
4. Sungani mmera mwachisawawa. Mizu imayikidwa pamchenga, ndipo pamwamba amayikidwa pamphepete mwa dzenjelo.
5. Amadzaza mizu ndi mchenga ndikuthirira.
6. Kuzizira kukubwera, amadzaza dzenje ndi dothi pamwamba, kungosiyidwa pamwamba pamtengo.
   

   Kuguba isanayambike kasupe kuyenera kukumbidwa m'mundamo kuti uwasunge bwino.

Mutha kusunganso mmera munthaka pa kutentha kwa 0 mpaka +5 C, ndikupanga malo okhala ndi mizu.

Kudzala dzenje kuyeneranso kukonzedwa mu kugwa. Iyi ndi gawo lofunikira ndipo liyenera kuonedwa mozama. Zachidziwikire, ngati ikamatera ikuchitika pa dothi lakuda lolemera mu humus, ndiye kuti mtundu wa dzenjelo sakukhudzidwa. Koma monga lamulo, zinthu ngati izi ndizosowa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Kumbani dzenje 70-80 masentimita mwakuya. Diamita ikhoza kukhala masentimita 80-100. Pa dothi lamchenga, kukula kwake kumapangidwansookulirapo. Ngati dothi lakumtunda ndi lachonde - litha kuyikidwa pambali kuti ligwiritsenso ntchito mtsogolo.
2. Pa dothi lolemera, ngalande ziyenera kuperekedwa. Kuti muchite izi, wosanjikiza, miyala kapena miyala yophwanyika imathiridwa pansi pa dzenjelo. Kukula kwamtundu - masentimita 10-15. Pamiyala yamchenga, m'malo mwa ngalande, dongo limayikidwa kuti lithe madzi.
3. Konzani zosakaniza zamankhwala. Kuti muchite izi, tengani chernozem (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lachonde, loyikidwapo mukakumba bowo), peat, humus ndi mchenga. Zigawozi zimatengedwa m'magawo ofanana. Ndipo onjezani magalamu 300-400 a superphosphate, malita atatu a phulusa la nkhuni ndi kusakaniza bwino.
4. Amadzaza dzenjelo ndi chosakanizira pamwamba ndikuchiphimba ndi zounikira kapena kanema kuti madzi osungunuka asatuluke.
   

   Dzenje lodzaza ndi michere yosakaniza pamwamba

Malangizo pang'onopang'ono podzala peyala Moskvichka

Nthawi ikafika, amayamba kubzala peyala:

1. Mmera umatengedwa kumalo osungira ndikuyendera. Ngati pali mizu yowonongeka ndi youma - iduleni.
2. Kwa maola angapo, mizu m'madzi imanyowa ndikuphatikizidwa kwa Heteroauxin, Kornevin, Epin kapena gawo lina lolimbikitsa kukula ndi mapangidwe a mizu.
3. Tsegulani dzenjelo ndikuchotsa dothi lina kuti dothi lokwanira lipangidwe pakati ndikuyika mizu mkati mwake.
4. Masentimita 10-12 kuchokera pakati iwo amayendetsa mtengo wamatabwa (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chachitsulo kapena ndodo) ndi kutalika kofanana ndi mita imodzi pamwamba pa nthaka.
5. Mulu wa dothi umathiridwa ndipo mmera umayikidwamo, ndikuyika khosi la mizu pamwamba, ndipo mizu imawongoka motsatira malo otsetsereka.
6. Kenako amadzaza dzenje ndi chosakaniza kumtunda, kwinaku mukuyesera kufufuta m'magulu.
7. Pambuyo pobwezeretsa komanso kupukuta, khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala 3-5 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka. M'tsogolomo, mutathirira, dothi lidzakhazikika ndipo khosi la mizu lidzagwera pansi - izi ndizofunikira.
   

   Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pansi
8. Chotsatira, muyenera kupanga bwalo loyandikira, ndikumatula zadothi ndi wowaza kapena dulalo lonyamula ndege pamalire a dzenjelo.
9. Tengani thunthu la mtengowo ndi msomali ndi zinthu zotanuka mwa njira ya "zisanu ndi zitatu."
10. Amanyowetsa nthaka bwino kotero kuti imafikira kumizu ndipo mulibe mpweya wotsalira mwa iyo.
    

    Mutabzala, mbande zimanyowetsa nthaka bwino kuti igwirizane ndi mizu yake ndipo mulibe mpweya wotsalira mwa iyo.

11. Pakapita kanthawi, nthaka ikauma, imamasulidwa ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito ndi udzu, humus, utuchi wosongoka, etc.
12. Woyendetsa wapakati amadula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 60-80, ndipo nthambi zimafupikitsidwa ndi theka.

Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro

Inde, kuti mukule mtengo uliwonse, muyenera kuchita khama. Pech Moskvichka sikufuna kusiya china chodabwitsa. Paulimiwo, ndikokwanira kukhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chaukadaulo waulimi wazipatso.

Kuthirira

Gawo lofunikira ili la chisamaliro cha peyala limakhala kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuonetsetsa chinyezi chadothi chokhazikika pamizu. Kutsirira nthawi zambiri kumayambika kasupe ngati mvula sikhala pafupipafupi panthawiyi. Monga lamulo, peyala imayamba kuthiriridwa madzi asanayambike maluwa, kenako nthawi yamvula ndi masabata atatu. Kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amwedwa pamenepa kuyenera kuti kukwaniritse nthaka ya thunthu mpaka pakuya masentimita 25 mpaka 35. Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa, kumasula dothi pambuyo woyamba kuthirira, mulch ndi udzu, humus, inavunda utuchi, mpendadzuwa mankhusu, etc. Komanso, kuthirira mtengo kudzera wosanjikiza mulch, popanda kuchita zina zomasuka nthaka. Ndi yabwino, imasungira nthawi ndi kuyesetsa. Nthawi zina pokhapokha muyenera kuwunika momwe mulch, chifukwa imatha kutolera, ma grub ndi tizirombo tina. Atazindikira, ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndikuwonongedwa. Ndikofunika kumasula thunthu kuzungulira mulch ndikuwumitsa. Kutsirira kotsatira, mutha kuyambiranso mulching. Osayiwala chizolowezi cha peyala kuti mutembenuze mizu ndi tsinde, muyenera kuwateteza ndi dongo lopukutira kuti musakhudzane mwachindunji ndi madzi mukathirira.

Nthaka itathilira kale

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Gawo lofunika la chisamaliro ndikovala pamwamba. Kupatula apo, ngati peyalayo ilibe chakudya kapena madzi okwanira, nthawi zambiri imangotsitsa thumba losunga mazira kapena zipatso. Chifukwa chake, atatha zaka zitatu mpaka zinayi mutabzala (mpaka nthawi ino, chakudya chokwanira chikadalidwa mu dzenjelo), amayamba feteleza zina.

Gome: liti komanso momwe manyowa peyala

Kuchepetsa

Ili ndiye lachitatu, koma osachepera apo, gawo la chisamaliro cha peyala.

Kupanga korona kwa peyala Muscovite

Chifukwa cha kutalika kwa mtengowo, ndibwino kuti mupange korona wa Muscovite ngati mbale yabwino. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi wowunikira mkati mwa korona ndikupanga mpweya wabwino. Komanso kusamalira ndi kututa kumathandizidwa. Kuchita kupanga koteroko ndikosavuta kuposa kungokhala ndi masamba ochepa. Ngakhale amene ayamba kulima angachite izi ngati atsatira malangizo otsatirawa:

1. Tikukukumbukirani kuti gawo loyamba lopanga limachitika mukabzala mmera, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa.
2. Zaka 1-2 mutabzala, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe isanayambike kuyamwa, nthambi zamphamvu za 3-4 zimasankhidwa pamtengo. Amayenera kukhala kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake motalikirana masentimita 15 mpaka 20 ndikukula mbali zosiyanasiyana. Nthambi izi zidzakhala zotupa. Amadula gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika.
3. Nthambi zonse zotsala zimadulidwa "kukhala mphete."
4. Woyendetsa wapakati amadulidwira pamwamba pamunsi panthambi ya chigoba chapamwamba.
5. Pakadutsa zaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, pomwe nthambi za chigoba zimayamba kukula, muyenera kusankha nthambi ziwiri za dongosolo lachiwiri pa iliyonse. Mtunda pakati pawo ukhale mkati mwa masentimita 50-60. Amafupikitsidwa ndi 50%, ndipo nthambi zotsala zomwe zidamera pachifuwa zimachotsedwa chimodzimodzi "pamphete."
6. Zaka zina, kutalika kwa nthambi kumasungidwa pafupifupi chimodzimodzi. Mmodzi wa iwo sayenera kuloledwa kukhala wolamulira wamkulu - izi nthawi zina zimachitika.
   

   Krona Moskvichki mawonekedwe abwinoko mwa mawonekedwe apamwamba

Sinthani zokolola

Muscovite imakonda kukula kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, pamafunika kuonda kwambiri korona. Mwambiri, izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kasupe aliyense. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo la nthambi zomwe zimamera mkati mwa korona zimadulidwa, ndikupanga mpweya wabwino komanso kuwunikira. Koma muyenera kudziwa muyezo - kudulira kwambiri kumaletsa gawo la mbewu, chifukwa maluwa amapezekanso panthambi zamkati.

Kanema: Njira yodulira masamba ya Dmitry Reznikov

Thandizani Maza

Kuti zipatso zikhale bwino pamlingo woyenera, kudulira kofunikira kumafunika. M'chilimwe, munthawi ya kukula kwamphamvu kwa mphukira zachichepere, amafupikitsidwa ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 10, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthambi zina zikhale zowoneka bwino. Pa nthambi zotere pamakhala maluwa, omwe amakolola. Njira yosavuta iyi imapereka zotsatira zabwino, koma alimi odziwa zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira ina, yomwe imaphatikizira mphukira zobwezeretsedwa ndi mphukira zina. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podulira mphesa.

Olima odziwa zamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, yomwe imaphatikizira mphukira yokhazikitsidwa ndi mphukira

Kudulira mwaukhondo

Kudulira kosavuta kwamtunduwu kumaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zowuma, zodwala komanso zowonongeka. Wonongerani chakumapeto kwa yophukira, mutasiya kuyamwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, bwerezani mabala m'chaka.

Malamulo Okonzanso

Malamulowa amagwira ntchito pa mitundu yonse ya mitengo. Ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti asawononge mtengowo.

• Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zakuthwa zokha (secateurs, delimbers, mipeni, ma saw).
• Mukamagwira ntchito, chida chimayenera kupakidwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda 1% ya sulfate yamkuwa (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide, mowa, etc.). Ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamafuta izi - mafuta, palafini, zosungunulira, etc.
• Kudula nthambi kwathunthu, simungasiye masamba kapena ma hemp - pambuyo pake adzasanduka matenda.
• Mukachotsa nthambi zakuda, muyenera kuchita izi m'magulu, m'njira zochepa.
• Zigawo zonse zimatsukidwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi var vars. Lamuloli silingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku nthambi zokhala ndi mulifupi wa mamilimita khumi.

Mukamasankha var ya munda, musangokhala pa imodzi yomwe ikuphatikiza mafuta kapena mafuta ena. Omwe alimi amawona kuti ndizowononga mbewu. Pali mankhwala okhala ndi njuchi, lanolin ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe - ayenera kusankhidwa.

Matenda ndi tizirombo - oyimilira akuluakulu, njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera zovuta, mupewe kugonjetsedwa kwa pafupi matenda ndi tizirombo ta mitengo yonse ya peyala.

Njira zopewera

Kuchita pafupipafupi kuyeretsa m'munda ndi kosavuta kuposa kuthana ndi zovuta za matenda oyamba ndi fungus kapena tizirombo toyambitsa matenda. Mndandanda wa ntchito zotere ndi monga:

1. Kusunga dimba kukhala loyera. Masamba atatha, ayenera kutola masamba onse, masamba, udzu, ndi zinyalala zina zonse kuti zisungidwe. Palibe kukayikira kuti mulu woterewu padzakhala tizirombo tomwe takhazikika nthawi yozizira, komanso spores fungal. Chifukwa chake, mulu woterewu umawotchedwa osadandaula, ndikulandila phulusa linalake, lomwe ndi feteleza wabwino kwambiri.
2. Asananyamuke nthawi yozizira ayenera kuyang'ana makungwa a mitengo. Ngati ming'alu ndi zowonongeka zikapezeka, ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikudula ku nkhuni zathanzi. Pambuyo pake, chitani ndi 1% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate ndikuphimba ndi wosanjikiza wa munda var.
3. Ndiponso asananyamuke kukazizira, nthambi zazikulu ndi nthambi zowondera zimayeretsedwa ndi yankho la mandimu osakaniza ndi kuphatikiza 1% yamkuwa. Njira zina, gwiritsani ntchito utoto wapadera wamalonda. Kucheka koteroko kumateteza khungwa kuti lisawotchedwe ndi dzuwa ndipo kumalepheretsanso tizirombo touluka.
4. Limbani dothi loyandikana nalo, pochita izi chisanayambe chisanu. Poterepa, tizirombo tambiri nthawi yozizira yochotsedwa munthaka ya dothi ayenera kufa ndi kuzizira.
5. Kenako, nduwira zadothi ndi mitengo zimathandizidwa ndi 3% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena Bordeaux. Yemweyo chithandizo ikuchitika kumayambiriro kasupe.
6. Pofuna kuteteza mbozi, nyerere, mavu ndi tizilombo tina kuti tisalowe korona, kumayambiriro kwamasika, lamba wokasaka wopangidwa ndi mzere wazinthu zadenga, kanema, burlap, ndi zina zambiri zimalimbitsidwa pamtengo.
7. Nthawi yomweyo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amathandizidwa. Lemberani DNOC - kamodzi pazaka zitatu zilizonse. Mu zaka zotsala, Nitrafen amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
8. Pamene peyala limamasuka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayambitsa matenda a fungicides. Chezani ndi nthawi yotalikirana kwa masabata awiri. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chithandizo chotere mvula ikagwa, ikagwa chinyezi chambiri, ndikupanga bowa wabwino. Ikani mankhwala monga Skor, Horus, Quadrice, Ridomil Gold ndi ena. Muyenera kukumbukira za kusowa kwa bowa ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pambuyo mankhwala atatu ndi mankhwala amodzi, mphamvu yake imachepa, motero ayenera kusinthidwa.

Matenda otheka

Monga mbewu zina za zipatso, mapeyala amatengeka kwambiri ndi matenda a fungus. Monga tafotokozera pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, Muscovite sagwirizana ndi nkhanambo ndi zowola za zipatso, koma mwayi wodwalawu sunaperekedwe. Polimbana ndi kupewa, mankhwalawa omwe akuwonetsedwa pagome pamwambapa amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Moniliosis

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bowa, yemwe spores nthawi zambiri imagwera m'maluwa pamiyendo ya njuchi panthawi yopanga timadzi tokoma. Zikuwonekeratu kuti maluwa ndi oyamba kukhudzidwa. Kenako bowa amafalikira kumaso ndi masamba. Zomera zomwe zimasokonekera zimazimiririka ndikufota. Kuchokera kumbali kumawoneka ngati chisanu kapena kuwotcha. Chifukwa cha kufanana uku, matendawa adalandira dzina lachiwiri - kuwotcha kwachifumu. Ngati zizindikiro zotere zipezeka, mphukira zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimadulidwa kaye ndikuwonongeka. Nthawi yomweyo, amagwira nkhuni 20-30 masentimita amoyo wathanzi - mafangayi amatha kale kupita pamenepo. M'chilimwe, bowa amapatsa zipatso za peyala ndi zowola zipatso. Zipatso zotere zimakololedwa ndikuwonongeka.

M'chilimwe, moniliosis imakhudza zipatso za peyala ndi zowola imvi

Scab

Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi mawonekedwe a mawanga owoneka ngati maolivi pama masamba a peyala. Chipatso chikakhudzidwa, mawonekedwe owonongeka amtundu, khungu limang'ambika, thupi limakhala lolimba. Zipatso zoterezi sizoyeneranso chakudya. Masamba ndi zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kusungidwa ndikuwonongeka.

Zipatso za peyala zikakhudzidwa, mawonekedwe owonongeka amtundu, khungu limayamba kusweka, mnofu umakhala wolimba

Sopo bowa

Kumaoneka ngati chovala chakuda, ngati chovala pamasamba ndi zipatso za peyala ndichizindikiro cha matendawa. Koma nthawi zambiri izi zimayambitsidwa ndikuwukira kwa aphid. Nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimayambitsa moyo zimatulutsa madzi otsekemera, omwe amasanduka malo oyambira bowa.

Maonekedwe akhungu lakuda bii kumaso kwa masamba ndi zipatso za peyala ndi chizindikiro cha bowa wakhungu

Mwina tizirombo

Popanda njira zodzitchinjiriza zomwe tafotokozazi, kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo titha kuthekera kwambiri. Poletsa komanso kuwongolera tizilombo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Decis, Fufanon, Spark, Spark Bio ndi ena.

Ma nsabwe

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kameneka timabweretsa pa korona ndi nyerere, zomwe, monga fungo la sooty, timakonda kudya zipatso zake zokoma. Chifukwa chake, polenga zopinga za nyerere ndi tizilombo tina kuti titenge korona wamtengowo, wolimiyo apulumutsa peyala kuti isawonongeke ndi aphid ndi zina zambiri.

Nsabwe za m'masamba zimanyamulidwa pamtengo ndi nyerere

Njenjete

Ma buluzi agulugufe sangathe kuwira pamtengo ngati thunthu lake layeretsedwa ndipo lamba wokasaka waikika. Mitengo yamapira yomwe yalowa mkoko wa zipatsozo ndikulowera mkati mwake kuti idye nyama yabwino. Pakadali pano, kulimbana nawo sikudzakhala ndi tanthauzo.

Tizilombo ta njenjete zotere zimachotsedwa pamazira oikidwa ndi gulugufe m'nthaka

Chikumbu cha peyala

Tizilomboti timabisala m'nthaka komanso kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yotentha, nthaka ikayamba kutentha, ikang'amba ndikuwuka kumtunda kupita ku korona (ngati singasokonezedwe ndi kutsuka ndi lamba wokasaka). Kenako zikumbu zimayamba kudya maluwa ndi maluwa. Ngati nyakulima atapeza maluwa achikasu ndi masamba opukutidwa - kwambiri, izi zimagwira ngati kachilomboka. Kumayambiriro kwam'mawa, pomwe mmawa kutentha kwa mpweya sikupita +5 ° C, kafadala maluwa amakhala pamtunda pomwe amakhala opindika. Pakadali pano, mutha kungowagwedeza pa nsalu kapena filimu yokhazikika.

Tizilombo ta peyala timabisala m'nthaka komanso kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, nthaka ikayamba kutentha, inyentchera ndipo imakwera ndikufalikira.

Ndemanga Zapamwamba

Ndipo Muscovite wanu ndi woipa kuposa izi, ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri, ndipo pankhani ya kukula kwa zipatso pali mitundu yochepa yomwe imakula ku Chigawo cha Moscow yomwe ingafanane.

Natalia, Moscow

//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=34833

Muscovite ndi tastier komanso wamkulu, koma wadyedwa kale, osasungidwa nthawi yayitali. Ndikufuna zokoma, yophukira, kuti mpaka Disembala, zokwanira!

Ninulia, Nizhny Novgorod

//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=2061.80

Ndimakonda a Muscovite kuchokera nthawi ina, amakula pakati pa anzathu. Amakutenga mu theka lachiwiri la Seputembala, ndikuyiyala pansi yachiwiri ndipo ikhoza kusungidwa kwa mwezi umodzi, koma yomalizayo, ili kale “thonje” pang'ono, ndipo kucha kucha kumene kosavuta, kwa msuzi komanso kowawa pang'ono ndikosangalatsa.

Galya-64, Vladimir

//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=2061.80

Ndikukulangizani kuti mutchere khutu ku mitundu yophukira ya Moskvichka, mumakonda kwambiri mapeyala. Mu 2015, adapsa kumapeto kwa Seputembala Chizhovskaya ndi Pamyat Yakovlev; Tsopano ndili ndi a Muscovite omwe ali ndi nthambi ya Chizhovskaya, nditha kukudulira phesi.

Tamara St. Petersburg

//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=360820

Ndimathandizira Tamara. Ngati zipsa bwino ku St. Petersburg, ndiye kuti izi ndi zabwino kwambiri. Peyala yanga ya Moskvichka yakhala ikukula kwa zaka zopitilira 30. Sindikusangalala naye. Mapeyala amapsa bwino chaka chilichonse, chokoma, thupi lamafuta, sing'anga ndi zipatso zazikulu, zokongola, zosungidwa bwino - mufiriji pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Kuti zisungidwe, ndibwino kuchotsa zipatso zobiriwira ndipo zimacha chikunama. Kukolola kwakukulu ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa zipatso, komabe, ndi zokolola zambiri, zipatsozo ndizochepa. Mwa zoperewera, ndikufuna kuwona kukula kwambiri kwa mtengowo komanso kuchoka kwakuthwa kwa mitengo yazitali. Mukakhazikitsa mbande yachinyamata, muyenera kulabadira izi. Adabzala mtengo wina wamtunduwu wa katemera wake.

Vic, Zavidovo

//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=360820

Moni Peyala yanga Moskvichka ikukula. Ali ndi zaka 10, amatulutsa kwambiri, amabala zipatso pafupipafupi, ndiye vuto lokhalo, zipatso zosakhwima zimafanana ndi mbatata kuti zilawe, ndipo zikacha, zimasanduka fumbi. Mulibe kuwonekera kwa iwo :(, ngakhale anthu omwe amakula mosiyanasiyana amati zamkati ndiwaphika!

Yana, dera la Moscow

//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=181&start=120

Tili ndi a Muscovite wachichepere yemwe adapereka zokongola, ndikuyika mungu ndi wokalamba wa Bergoti (kapena wina wotchedwa peyala wokhala ndi zipatso zobiriwira?). Sitinayang'ane mwadala ena a iwo. Ndipo mapeyala a Moskvichka ndiwokoma kwambiri (kwa ine, onse Lada ndi Chizhovskaya ndiwatchetechete)

Natali_R, Moscow

//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/16572/page-40

Mtundu wa peyala ya Moskvichka uli ndi maubwino angapo, chifukwa chake watchuka pakati pa wamaluwa wamaphunziro. Amasangalalanso ndi chidwi ndi alimi omwe amakopeka ndi zokolola, kuuma mtima komanso kusunthira zipatso bwino. Itha kukhala yoyenera kulimidwa, ngati pali nyengo yabwino pamenepa.