Actinidia Kolomikta - chomera chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati zokongoletsera za munda wako, komanso monga zipatso ndi mabulosi mbewu. Ngakhale Michurin mwiniwakeyo adanena zapamwamba za zipatso za chomera ichi ndipo zikuwonetseratu kuti kunali koyenera kuti nthawi idzafika pamene Actinidia adzalandiretsa mphesa kwathunthu. Poyamba, imakhala ndi zovala zobwezeretsa kuntchito yolimba yozizira komanso yabwino kulekerera nyengo yathu. M'nkhaniyi mungapeze zambiri zomwe mukufunikira zokhudza chomera ichi, mfundo za kubzala ndikuzisamalira.
Kufotokozera ndi hardiness yozizira
Mtundu wa chomera ichi ukhoza kufotokozedwa bwino ngati mpesa wokoma. Tsinde la actinidia likhoza kukhala lalikulu masentimita asanu; mphukira zofiira zambiri zimathawa, kuzizira mpaka kukhudza, ndi kukwera kapena nthambi zolunjika, zomwe zimatha kukwera mpaka mamita 15. Pa mphukira zazing'ono pali zochepa za mphodza. Mukakumana ndi vuto linalake limapangidwira.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lachi Greek la chomera ichi limachokera ku mawu oti "aktividio", omwe amatanthawuza kuti "kuwala kwa". Mwinamwake, dzina limeneli limagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyika kwapadera kwa mizati ya ovary.
Mbali yaikulu ya masamba a chomera ichi ndi mtundu wawo wosinthika: Poyamba amakhala ndi timata tazitsulo, zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira, nthawi isanayambe maluwa, mapeto a masamba amakhala owala kwambiri, ndipo pamapeto pa njirayi amatembenukira pinki, kapezi kapena wofiira. Tsamba lirilonse liri pa petioles 3-7 masentimita yaitali, liri ndi mawonekedwe a ellipse kapena dzira, tsambalo palokha liri lochepa thupi, liri ndi ubweya wambiri pamphepete, pansi ndi yosalala. 
Maluwawo ali ndi fungo lokoma, losangalatsa, kawirikawiri lachitsulo choyera, actinomorphic, anakonza mapesi owonda, kugonana komweko, kugwedezeka, nthawi zina zimakhala zogonana. Maluwa aliwonse amakhala ndi mapiri asanu ndi amodzi. Chikho cha maluwa pambuyo kuyanika kwake kumakhalabe ndi zipatso. Chomerachi chimayamba kuphuka kuyambira zaka zisanu, kawirikawiri nyengo yamaluwa imakhala mu June-July ndipo imatha masiku 20-25.
Actinidia ndi chomera chomwe sichikhoza kudziyesa yekha, choncho ndikofunika kudzala mipesa yamitundu yosiyanasiyana pafupi ndi mzake. Zomera zomwe zimafunikanso "awiri" zikuphatikizapo msondodzi, nkhuyu, laurel, poplar, sea buckthorn, sorelo, sipinachi.
Zipatso - zipatso za mthunzi wamdima wobiriwira, zomwe zimakhala ndi mdima wambirimbiri, kuposa mtundu waukulu. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ochepa, osakanikirana, nthawi zina amatha kuzungulira. 
Mukawaphwanyula mumtundu wokoma, adzakudabwitsani ndi kukoma kwawo, kukoma kwa kukoma ndi zonunkhira zokometsera. Mkati mwa mabulosi aliwonse pali mbewu zambiri zochepa (mpaka zidutswa 90) za mthunzi wakuda. Nthawi ya fruiting imayamba ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi.
Mukudziwa? Actinidia colomikta - chomera chiwindi. Pakati pa zochitika zachilengedwe, moyo wake komanso fruiting zimatha kufika zaka 80-100.
Actinidia Kolomikta mitundu
Chomera ichi chikhoza kulimbikitsidwa ndi wolima munda pa chiwembu ndi zolinga zikuluzikulu ziwiri: monga chipatso cha zipatso ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimapanga malo. Oweta amabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya liana iyi, ndi mndandanda wazinthu zotchuka kwambiri zomwe mungazione pansipa.
- "Zingwe". Poyamba analandiridwa ku Moscow VNIIR. Zowonjezera zokolola pa chitsamba chifika pa 1 kilogalamu. Zimasiyanitsa nthawi yokolola ya zipatso, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi kulemera kwa 3-3.5 g ndi mawonekedwe a oval. Zokoma za zipatso zimayesedwa ndi tasters kwambiri;
- "Magpie". Amapereka tchire chapakatikati. Nthawi yakucha ndi sing'anga. Kusiyana kwambiri kwambiri nyengo yozizira hardiness. Kulemera kwake kwa chipatso ndi 2.5-3 g, kukoma kumakhala kokoma kwambiri, zipatso zimakhala ndi actinidial fungo. Pakatikati mwa zipatsozo ndizopakati, zomwe zimatenga 1/3 ya chiwerengero chonse cha zipatsozo;
- "Mfumukazi ya Munda". Anakhazikitsidwa ku Moscow VNIIR. Kusiyana kwa nthawi yoyamba ya zipatso kucha, ndi kwambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, yozizira hardiness ndi sing'anga. Zipatso zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe azing'ono, opangidwa kuchokera kumbali, mthunzi wa azitona, kukhala ndi kukoma kokoma, fungo liri ndi manankhwala amanunkhira. Kulemera kwake kwa fetus - 3.4 g
- "Gourmet". Mawu okhwima ndi ofanana. Zosiyanasiyanazo zinaphatikizidwa mu Register Register mu 1998. Zipatsozo zimakhala zozungulira, zimapangidwanso kenako, khungu ndi lobiriwira, lochepa kwambiri. Zili ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito: kununkhira kwa chinanazi ndi zokoma kwambiri. Kutsutsana kwa frosts ndi matenda - pakati;
- "Large-fruited". Kutseka koyambirira. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kukula kofulumira kwambiri komanso kuyambira kwa fruiting. Kulemera kwake kwa zipatso ndi 4.4 g. Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira, maolivi, ndi zonunkhira za kiwi ndi kukoma kokoma. Amakonda kusokonezeka akakula msinkhu. Chimalankhula zachonde;
- "Mtsogoleri". Kusiyana modabwitsa amatchedwa yozizira hardiness ndi mkulu kukana tizirombo ndi matenda. Zimalankhula za mitundu yamitundumitundu yokhala ndi mungu, choncho siibereka zipatso. Maluwa m'magulu a 1-3 pamodzi. Palibe mazira pa maluwa;
- "Adamu". Wina wamwamuna wozembetsa mungu. Amadziwika ndi nyengo yozizira yolimba yosavuta komanso pafupifupi chizindikiro cha kukana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Maluwa ndi aakulu, oyera, 3-5 mu inflorescence iliyonse. Maluwa opanda mazira, aliyense ali ndi mapaundi asanu.
Amuna ndi akazi actinidia: kusiyana
Nthawi yomweyo m'pofunika kunena kuti pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zomera za fruiting yachibadwa ndi zokwanira maluwa zimadalira kubzala kwa actinidia pafupi ndi mzake wa amuna kapena akazi omwe ali ndi magulu osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi zosiyana pazitsamba imodzi. Nthawi zina zimakhala kuti mipesa yanu imayenda bwino chaka chilichonse, koma zipatsozo sizinapangidwe. Zowoneka kuti, chodabwitsa ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti actinidia wa kugonana kokha amakula pawebsite yanu.
VIDEO: MMENE MUNGACHITE KUTI MUDZI WA AMAZI AMAKHALA Apa pali kusiyana kwa zomera zazimayi za mitundu iyi kuchokera kwa amuna:
- pa zomera zamwamuna, maluwa nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsidwa ku inflorescences wa zidutswa zitatu aliyense;
- pakati pa maluwa wamwamuna mulibe mazira a zipatso;
- chiwerengero chachikulu cha ziphuphu zimapezeka maluwa;
- Pa nthawi ya maluwa pansi pa chomera chamuna mungapeze maluwa ambiri omwe wagwa;
- Maluwa pa zomera zachikazi nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi pamtunda wautali;
- pakati pa maluwa a zomera zazimayi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ovary omveka a fetus;
- Pali mitengo yambiri pa maluwa a zomera zazimayi, ndipo zimakhala zazifupi kwambiri kuposa zomera zamwamuna.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala mbeu yamwamuna, yesetsani kuziyika poyerekeza ndi akazi kuti azikhala kumbali ya mphepo. Pofuna kukonza mapulitsiro, mukhoza kukhazikitsa njuchi ndi njuchi pambali pawo.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande pamene mukugula
Zomera za zomerazi zimagulidwa bwino m'masitolo apadera, malo odyetserako ziweto kapena malo oswana, chifukwa pogula zomera zazing'ono pamsika wa chilengedwe kapena ndi manja kuchokera kwa ogulitsa, simungathe kugula mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe poyamba idatchulidwa, zosiyanasiyana ndi katundu wosakhutira, kapena mwinamwake ngakhale kuti mmalo mwa actinidia mudzagulitsidwa chomera chosiyana.
Choyamba, posankha sapling, zimalimbikitsa kuyang'anitsitsa mizu yake kuti iwonongeke, zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (mwa dzanja la munthu) ndi zachirengedwe (zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana za fungal, malo ochepetsedwa, ntchentche, etc.). Muzu wa mbeu yofanana ya actinidia ayenera kufanana ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu kufanana ndi thunthu (ndiko kuti, musakhale woonda kapena wochuluka kuposa iwo).
Phunzirani momwe mungamerezere antinidia m'munda ndi mitundu yambiri ya zomera yomwe ili yabwino ku dera la Leningrad.
Kenaka, muyenera kumvetsera mkhalidwe wa thunthu ndi masamba. Ngati muwona pazithunzi zooneka zowawa (zoyera, zofiira kapena zakuda, mabowo, kuluma, etc.), ndiye kuti simukuyenera kumera. Kuonjezera apo, sikofunika kugula sapling, yomwe idakonzedwa bwino. Kubzala m'nthaka ndi mbande zabwino zomwe zisanafike zaka 4. 
Malamulo obwera
Kawirikawiri, kubzala actinidia sikunali kosiyana ndi kubzala zipatso zina ndi mabulosi, koma pokhudzana ndi zina zomwe zimapangidwirapo pali zinthu zomwe ziyenera kutchulidwa mosiyana. Pansipa tikukambirana mwatsatanetsatane maonekedwe amenewa.
Nthawi yabwino
Nthaŵi yabwino yobzala actinidia ndi masika, koma kubzala m'dzinja sikunatulukidwe, ndibwino kuti masabata awiri asanakhale yoyamba chisanu. Ngati mwasankha kudzala actinidia m'dzinja, zidzakhala zofunikira kuti muzitha kuzungulira tchire ndi peat kapena kompositi yowola.
Kumene mungabzalidwe pa webusaitiyi
Chomerachi chimalimbikitsira madzi ochulukirapo osati movutikira, kotero simukuyenera kulima pafupi ndi mabotolo ndi malo osungira madzi pansi, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, kubzala pansi pa khoma kapena nyumba yamwala kudzakuthandizani kuthana bwino ndi nyengo yozizira ndi kuonjezera mwayi wawo wopititsa patsogolo nthawiyi. . 
Ndikofunikira! Monga tanenera kale, actinidia ndi mpesa wokwera, kotero sizingakhale zodabwitsa kukonzekera pasadakhale nambala yina ya zothandizira zomwe zidzakwera. Kuchuluka kwa msinkhu wa zothandizirazo kumangoganizira momwe kukula kwake kudzakhalira.
Chomerachi chimasonyeza zizindikiro zabwino za kukula ndi chitukuko ku penumbra; izi makamaka chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo zimakula makamaka m'nkhalango zazikulu. Kutsegula mipata ndi kuwonetsa nthawi zonse kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhudza chomera ichi chiwonongeko.
Dothi lopangidwa ndi alkalini ndilosavomerezeka kwambiri, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ndizomwe zimapangidwira mchere ndi minda ya feteleza m'nthaka ndipo imakhala mizu komanso imasonyeza kukula kwakukulu pa nthaka ndi mavitamini osauka ndi phosphorus. N'zosayenera kudzala chomera ichi mu nthaka ndi cholemera, chowoneka bwino.
Njira yolowera mofulumira
Chiwerengero choyenera cha kubzala ndi chonchi:
- Choyamba, ndikofunika kukonzekera mabowo 50x50 cm kukula. Mtunda wa pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala 1.5-2 mamita ndi njira yopangira chitsamba, ndipo osachepera 50 centimita ndi imodzi.
- Mzere wothira uli pansi pa dzenje lirilonse, ndilofunika kuti likhale losweka, njerwa, kapena miyala yosweka.
- Ndiye wosanjikiza wa chernozem, 10-12 makilogalamu a humus, 150-200 g wa superphosphate ndi angapo magalasi a phulusa amayamba mu dzenje lililonse.
- Mchenga wa feteleza wokhala ndi dothi lochepa kwambiri kuti muteteze mizu ya achinyamata ku zotentha zachilengedwe.
- Pambuyo pake, nyembayi imayikidwa mu dzenje kuti mizu ikhale yowonjezera mmenemo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono ayamba kuwaza ndi nthaka, kuigwiritsa ntchito.
- Kenaka pitani mitsamba yamadzi (1-1.5 zidebe zamadzi) ndikulumphira pansi pozungulira ndi peat, mchenga, kapena masamba ogwa.
VIDEO: MMENE MUNGAPERERE ACTINIDIA ZOKHALA
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mutenganso actinidia kuchokera mu mphika ndi nthaka, yesetsani kuti musagwedezeko dothi, popeza izi zikhoza kuvulaza mizu yachitsulo.
Mmene mungasamalire actinidia
Kusamalira actinidia sikutanthauza luso lapadera la wolima minda, koma ngakhale mu bizinesi yosavuta imeneyi pali zinthu zina zovuta kuziganizira.
Kuthirira
Zomerazi sizimasowa makamaka kuthirira madzi, koma nthawi yowuma kwambiri ndi nyengo yotentha imalimbikitsidwa kuti muwachepetse kamodzi pamlungu pa mlingo wa chidebe cha madzi cha mbewu iliyonse. Ndi mpweya wouma komanso kusowa kwa mvula kwa nthawi yayitali, tikulimbikitsidwa kupopera zomera ndi madzi kuchokera mu botolo lamankhwala madzulo.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi katundu wopindulitsa ndi zotsutsana ndi actinidia.
Chomera ichi, monga tazitchulira kale, chimakhala chodabwitsa kwambiri ndi madzi ochuluka kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kuyang'ana dothi la chinyezi musanayese ulimi wothirira. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ndi ndodo yosavuta. Tengani dothi mumtengowo mumtengo wa masentimita 3-5 ndipo muwone ngati chomera chimafuna kuwonjezera madzi.
Mulching
Pofuna kuteteza chinyezi, kuchepetsa kuchulukitsa kwa ulimi wothirira, komanso kupereka chomera chokhala ndi nyengo yabwino yozizira, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti mulch mtengo wa mtengo ndi peat, mchenga, kapena masamba ovunda. Miyezi ingapo iliyonse, mndandanda wa mulch uyenera kusinthidwa, ndipo kamodzi pa miyezi sikisi iliyonse, wasintha.
Kuphimba mulching kumathandizanso kusunga zakudya zambiri pamene akudyetsa ndi kuteteza kutuluka mwamsanga kwa chinyezi kuchokera ku zakudya zowonjezera kutentha kwambiri.
Yambani
Kudalira ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zothandiza kwambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni makamaka ngati mukukula actinidia kuti mubale zipatso. Chowonadi n'chakuti pazitsamba zothandiza mpesa uli ndi mwayi wokhala wopanda malire mpaka kumtunda, momwemo, malo omwe amawonekera mazira ochulukirapo pa zomera amakula, omwe amachititsa kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola.
Kwa ma liban awa, amathandiza ndi mamita 2-2.5 abwino kwambiri, omwe amawonjezera malo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito akulimbikitsidwa kuti azigwada ndi chokopa pamtunda woyenera kwa inu pa kukula kwa kukula kwaumunthu. Choncho, mapesi a chomera, akafika pamwamba kwambiri, sadzaleka kukula, koma adzapitirizabe kupititsa patsogolo pothandizira, koma kale pambali pothandizira.
Kudulira
Kudulira ndi mbali yofunikira kwambiri yosamalira chomera ichi, chifukwa chimapanga chithunzithunzi cha tsogolo lonse la liana ndipo chimapereka kukupatsani zokolola zamtengo wapatali. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kasupe kakadulidwa pazifukwa zina (actinidia kwambiri "amafuula", chifukwa chakuti imatha kufa) ndi yosayenera kwambiri. 
Ndi bwino kutchera nthawi ya maluwa kapena kumapeto kwa masika, masamba onse atatha. Choyamba ndi kuchotsa zonse zoonda, zouma ndi zofooka zofooka. Kuonjezerapo, zimalimbikitsa kuthetsa mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zinalibe nthawi yoti zikhazikike, chifukwa zingathe kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa liana lanu.
Mitengo yopanda chisanu yopanda chisanu imathandizanso monga zomera zabwino kwambiri popanga mahatchi m'dzikoli. Kuphatikiza pa actinidia pamphepete mwa mpanda, mukhoza kubzala mphesa zokhala ndi mphesa, clematis kapena honeysuckle capricole.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Kuphatikiza pa kudulira komwe kumatchulidwa kale ndi kufunika kokhala ndi tsinde, imalimbikitsanso kuchotsa chomeracho ndikuchiyika pansi pa polyethylene kapena thumba. Komabe, mukakhala kuti nyengo m'deralo siimasiyana mozama kwambiri ndipo ili ndi chisanu, mukhoza kuchita popanda.
VIDEO: PATSAMBA LA ACTINIDIA MU WINTER Choncho, tikuyembekeza kuti nkhaniyi yakuthandizani kupeza mayankho a mafunso ambiri okhudza actinidia wa colomicta. Ndi chikondi ndi ulemu, perekani nyumba zonse za m'munda mwanu, mosamala mosamala mkhalidwe wa mbeu iliyonse, tsatirani malingaliro onse kuti muwasamalire, ndiyeno inu ndi banja lanu mudzalandira mphotho yowolowa manja mokolola kwambiri.
Zotsatira za kulima
