Mitundu yayikulu yamatumbo a mapeyala m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi zomwe amalima

Kusankha bwino masheya oyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muthe kupeza mitengo yayitali ya peyala yayitali. Kutalika kwa mtengowo, kuuma kwake nthawi yachisanu, ndi zipatso zoyambira zimadalira m'matangadza. Kuti athe kusankha bwino mbande mukamagula, mlimi aliyense ayenera kudziwa zinthu zochepa zokhuza chitsa, ngakhale mutakhala kuti simukukonzekera kudzalumikiza mitengo yazipatso nokha.

Kodi masheya ndi chifukwa chiyani amafunika

Kupeza zinthu zobzala mitengo yamapira si ntchito yovuta. Munthawi yabwino, mitengo ya peyala sipanga mizu; nthambi zake zimamera mizu movutikira ndipo sizitanthauza zonse, ndipo pofesa mbewu, ana osabereka amalandidwa, ndipo mbande zochepa ndizomwe zimakhalabe ndizofunikira zamitundu yoyambayo. Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo yofalitsira mitundu ya peyala ndikulumikizana m'matangadza osiyanasiyana. Pa chitsa chochepa kwambiri, peyala imamera pansi, yabwino kusamalira komanso kukolola, ndipo m'mbuyomu zimayamba kubala. Kugwiritsa ntchito masheya osinthika kwambiri kuti mupeze mitengo ya peyala, yopindika mosavuta nthawi yozizira chifukwa cha chisanu.

Peyala pa quince ndi wodalirika, yomwe ikukula msanga komanso zipatso

Kuti tikule mbande zokhazikika, mbewu zazing'ono zimalumikizidwa kumtunda wa masentimita 5-8 kuchokera padziko lapansi. M'maluwa amateur, katemera wa korona amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamitengo ya akuluakulu (mpaka zaka 15). Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mubwezeretse mtengo wowonongeka ndi chisanu kapena m'malo mitundu ina yosagwirizana ndi ina yofunika kwambiri.

Kuti mupeze mbande zamtundu umodzi, mbandezo zimabzalidwa pansi pamwamba pa chaka choyamba kapena chachiwiri cha kukula kwawo.

Matanthauzidwe oyambira:

• Katundu ndi zomwe amabzala. Gawo lam'munsi la mmera ndi mizu ndi maziko a thunthu, pakalumikizidwa kumtengowo - nawo thunthu lonse, m'munsi mwa nthambi zotupa ndi nthambi zotsalazo.
• Privoy ndi mbewu yolumikizidwa. Mbali yam'mera pamtunda pamalowo.
• Katemera ndi ukadaulo wophatikiza masheya ndi ma scion kuti apitilize kuphatikiza. Zochulukira amatchedwanso mphukira zotsalira ndi nthambi za scion.

Njira zazikulu zosankhira katundu peyala:

• hardness yozizira;
• kulekerera chilala;
• kuya kwa mizu;
• kutalika kwa mitengo yolumilidwa;
• kukhazikika
• kuyanjana kwa masheya ndi mbewuyi.

Mbeu zamera zolimba zimakhazikika pa peyala

Mitengo yayitali kwambiri, yolimba komanso yolimba imapezeka ndikumalumikiza kulimidwa pamera mbande zamtchire. Mitundu ingapo ya mapeyala akutchire ndioyenera kuchita izi, zonse ndi mitengo yolimba mpaka 8:30 metres, yokhala ndi mizu yolowera kwambiri. Kubzala peyala pambewu, madzi apansi pamtunda sayenera kuyandikira kuposa 1.5-2 metres kuchokera padziko lapansi. Mapeyala olimba amabala zipatso zochulukirapo mpaka zaka 50-100, zipatso zoyamba zimawonekera patatha zaka 5-10 zitatha katemera.

Khola lakutchire ngati katundu (kanema)

Mitundu yoyerekeza yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala atchire (tebulo)

Ku mbali ya ku Russia ku Russia, peyala ya Ussuri yamtchire sikukula bwino ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi mbewu zina, koma idagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera poyanjana ndi mapeyala aku Europe polima mitundu yozizira yolimba ya kumpoto.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa zamtchire zamtchire zamtchire zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhokwe yazomera

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zam'ma 1990, agogo anga adabzala bwino zipatso za peyala pa mbande za peyala lalikulu lamtchire ndi zipatso zazing'ono zomwe zimamera m'munda mwathu. Mwa katemera agogo awo, Lada ndi Chizhovskaya amabala zipatso, ndikusangalala ndi zipatso zokoma kuposa zoyipa zakumwera. Ndidachotsa mapeyala angapo omwe adatsala ndi zilembo zosokera koyambirira kwa 2000s - Sindimakonda mtundu wazipatso zawo, mitunduyo inali pamlingo wamapira owola pachikhalidwe.

Momwe mungakulitsire mbewu za peyala

Pofesa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njere za mapeyala atchire, mbewu zochepa ndi mitundu yovomerezeka yozizira yomwe imakula bwino m'deralo.

• Mu yophukira, mu Seputembala - Okutobala, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa mapeyala agwa pansi pamitengo, ngati zingatheke kusankha zipatso zazikulu kwambiri.
  

  Kucha mapeyala akutchire amakolola pansi pa mitengo mu Seputembala - Okutobala

• Mapeyala atagona pang'ono m'chipindacho ndikukhala ofewa kwathunthu, koma osavunda, ayenera kudulidwa mosamala ndikuchotsa njere.
• Mbeu zazikulu zokha, zosalala ndi zowonda, zolimba, zokhwima bwino (mtundu kuchokera bulauni mpaka lakuda) ndizoyenera kubzala. Mbeu zosapsa, komanso zing'onozing'ono, zopota kapena zowoneka bwino, sizipatsa mbande.
  

  Kubzala, tengani mbewu zazikulu, zopepuka, zokhwima bwino

• Mbewuzo zimayenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera ndikuuma zouma pang'ono, kenako ndikuyika chikwama.
• Pofesa, mumafunikira bedi lokonzekera ndi nthaka yachonde. M'pofunika kubzala mu Okutobala, ikadzayamba nyengo yozizira, koma isanayambe chisanu.
• Mitengo yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba imapezeka pofesa mbewu nthawi yomweyo mpaka malo okhazikika. Mizu yawo, osasokonezedwa ndi kufalikira, kulowa mkati mwakuya, ndikupatsa mtengowo kukulira chisanu ndi chilala. Kuti muchite zachikhalidwe, bedi lozungulira limakonzedwa masentimita 50-70, pakati pomwe mbewu 5 mpaka 10 zimabzalidwa, osayandikirira kuposa masentimita 10-15 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
  

  Pachikhalidwe chachindunji, mtunda pakati pa mbewu mukafesa ndi mainchesi 10
• Pabedi wokhazikika pakubzala pambuyo pake, mutha kubzala denser, pamtunda wa masentimita 7-10 pakati pamizere ndi masentimita 5 pakati pa mbewu motsatana.
• Kuzama kwa kuyika kwa mbeu mu nthaka ndikuchokera masentimita atatu pamtunda wozungulira mpaka masentimita atatu pamtunda wamchenga.
• Pakatikati, mbande zotulukazo ziyenera kupukutidwa mosamala, kusiya masentimita 15 mpaka 20 pakati pa mbewu.
• Nyengo yonseyi, mbande zimakonda kumera maudzu, kumasula timanjira, ndipo pakalibe mvula, thirirani madzi.
• Kum'mwera, mbande zamphamvu kwambiri zimatha kukhala zokonzeka kuphukira nthawi yachilimwe, kumpoto izi zimakonda kuchitika chaka chotsatira.

Zomwe zimapangidwira mmera pazomera:

• mizu yotchulidwa (mmera wabwino uyeneranso kukhala ndi mizu yoyenerera);
• mawonekedwe akukhazikika pamalo opangira inoculation ndi apamwamba pang'ono kuposa khosi lozika (mmera ndi wowongoka bwino kuchokera ku muzu womwe - pafupifupi mbalame yakuthengo).
  

  Mbande zomwe zili pamsika wa mbewu zimakhala ndi muzu wotetezeka komanso cholendewera pamalo operekera katemera

Zofooka zamtundu wofooka za peyala

Madera akum'mwera, kuti apeze mitengo yotalikirapo, mapeyala amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya zipatso za quince ngati sitoko, wokhala ndi mizu yambiri yamizu.

Palibe mizu yocheperako yokhala ndi mapeyala m'chigawo chapakati ndi kumpoto.

Mitengo ya peyala pa chidebe cha quince sichikula kuposa mamita 3-4. Kutalika kwambiri kwa peyala pa quince sikupitilira zaka 20 mpaka 40, zipatso zoyambirira zimawoneka lachitatu - chaka chachinayi katemera.

Mbande zomwe zimakonda kukhala ndi mitengo yokhala ndi mizu yokhala ndi nthambi zambiri

Quince ili ndi mizu yapamwamba, motero imatha kumera m'malo okhala ndi madzi akuya kuya kwa mita imodzi kuchokera pansi. Imalekerera pang'ono kumayamwa nthaka, koma sikumakula bwino pamadothi a carbonate okhala ndi laimu yambiri. Quince ndi wojambula kwambiri ndipo amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha kuzama kwa mitengo, mitengo ya quince yolumikizidwa ku quince imafunikira thandizo lina, makamaka pamadothi oyala.

Kuyerekezera kwa quince mizu ya mapeyala (tebulo)

Mitundu yambiri yamapira siyigwirizana bwino ndi quince. Kuti athane ndi kusagwirizanaku, mitundu yogwirizana kwambiri (Kyure, Ilyinka, Bere Hardy, Bere Ardanpon) imabzalidwe pa quince, ndipo mitundu yomwe zipatso zake zimafuna kulandira kale zidabzalidwe kale. Quince VA-29 imagwirizana ndi mitundu yambiri ya peyala yopukutira kuposa quince angers.

Mbande za quince sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati timiyulu ta mapeyala chifukwa cha kupangika kwake, kusakhazikika kwa chisanu kolimba komanso nthawi zambiri zosagwirizana ndi scion.

Kuyambira wamaluwa pakati pa mzere nthawi zambiri amasokoneza quince weniweni ndi nthawi yayitali-Hardy henomeles (Japan quince). Henomeles ngati nkhokwe ya peyala siyabwino. Kuzisiyanitsa ndikosavuta:

• Quince ndi mtengo wawung'ono kapena chitsamba chachikulu chopanda minga, chomwe chimakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu ndi maluwa akulu akulu oyera oyera.
• Henomeles ndi chitsamba chamtchire cham'madzi chambiri chaminga, masamba ochepa kwambiri komanso maluwa ofiira.

Momwe mungasiyanitsire quince yeniyeni kuchokera ku genomeles (chithunzi chojambulira)

Momwe mungakulire chuma chochepa kwambiri cha peyala

Njira yodalirika komanso yosavuta yolalikirira m'matangadza am'madzi am'matumbo ndi malo okhazikika. Zimapezeka motere:

• Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, tchire la chiberekero kumapeto limadulidwa kwambiri, ndikusiya kuphuka ndi masentimita 3-5.
• Pamene mphukira zomwe zimatuluka m'munsi mwa chitsamba zimamera, zimakonkhedwa kangapo ndi dothi lonyowa mutatha kuthilira kuti pakhale mulitali wa 25-25 sentimita.
  

  Kupeza ofukula zigawo za chiberekero zikuluzikulu ndi lapansi
• Chapakatikati pa chaka chamawa, tchire limagogoda, mphukira zozikika zimasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi maziko a chitsamba ndi kubzala mu nazale.
  

  Mizu yodulidwa mizu yobzalidwa mu nazale kuti ikule

Zaka 3-4 zilizonse, tchire la chiberekero limakhala ndi mpumulo, limawasiya kuti akule popanda kudulira.

Momwe stock ikukonzekera katemera ndipo zimachitika bwanji

Mtengo umawerengedwa kuti ndi wokonzeka kumalumikizidwa pamene pamlingo wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10 kuchokera pamlingo wa dothi (mfundo yakudzalumikizira m'tsogolo) makulidwe ake sadzakhala ochepera pensulo.

Mukakulitsa mbande, njira ziwiri zazikulu za katemera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Cowling ikuchitika mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Chojambula chowoneka ngati T chimapangidwa mu khungwa la chitsa, pomwe chimango chaching'ono cha mtengo ndi peephole (impso) chodulidwa kuchokera kumtengowo chimayikidwa ndikutchinjiriza ndi gulu la zotanuka.
  

  Okulirovanie - Katemera wa chilimwe ndi diso (impso)

• Kukopera kumachitika mu kasupe masamba asanatseguke. Zigawo zomwe zimamangidwa ndizopangika pamtundu ndi scion, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi mzake ndipo zimakulungidwa ndi tepi ya elastic.
  

  Kukopera - kasupe Ankalumikiza ndi kudula

Zoyeserera m'matangadza mu maulima wamaluwa

Kuphatikiza pa quince ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamapira atchire, wamaluwa amateur adadzala bwino mitundu yolima yamapira pamtengo phulusa wamba wofiirira, aronia (chokeberry), ndi irga. Nthawi zina, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cotoneaster ndi hawthorn imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zitsamba za mapeyala, koma chidziwitso pazomera izi ndizotsutsana kwambiri, ndipo mpaka pano pali zopambana zochepa kuposa zolephera.

Peyala pa chitsa cha apulo

Mosiyana ndi malingaliro olakwika ofala, ndizopanda ntchito kubzala peyala korona wa mitengo ya zipatso ya akuluakulu, ndi mbande za mitengo yamtchire, komanso m'matangadza am'mapulo apafupipafupi (ma duseny osiyanasiyana ndi paradise, kuphatikizapo malo otchuka a M9). Kupewa kwa peyala pa mtengo wa maapulo kumazika mizu mosavuta, koma osabala zipatso zabwinobwino, musalole zipatso, ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zimafa.

Zojambula za peo za Amateur peo

Makhalidwe oyerekeza masheya amateur a mapeyala (tebulo)

Wopanga peyala yokhala ndi katemera wotereyu samalandira mbiri yonse yozizira!

Katemera wozizira ndi chokeberries amakwiririka pansi nthawi yachisanu ndipo amatetezedwa ndi zibowo za chisanu pansi pa chisanu. Mitengo yaying'ono ya zitsamba zoterezi imasinthasintha ndipo imapinda mosavuta. Chifukwa chosakwanira kuphatikizika ndi scion ya peyala yokhala ndi katemera, katemera wotere samakhala wolimba, ndipo zaka 5-7 amatha, koma zipatso zoyambirira za peyala zimatha kupezeka kale mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu atalandira katemera.

Peyala pa irga ndi chokeberry adapinda pansi nthawi yachisanu pansi pa chisanu

Peyala ya phulusa lofiirira wampiri imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Mitundu ya peyala ya kumpoto imabzalidwa phulusa lamapiri pomwe imatha kumera nthawi zonse chifukwa cha nyengo yamtunda, koma palibe njira zopezera mapeyala amtchire.

Phulusa la Mountain, chokeberry ndi shrimp zimafunika dothi lonyowa mosiyanasiyana ndi acidity mulingo wa 5.5-7.0. Phulusa la m'mapiri ndi chokeberry ndizosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo silingayime pafupi (pafupi ndi 1.5-2 mita kuchokera pamtunda wapansi) madzi apansi panthaka. Irga ili ndi mizu ya pansi ndipo imatha kumera m'madzi apansi mita imodzi kuchokera pansi. Shadiberi yokha imakhala yoleketsa mthunzi, koma kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati peyala yamtengo, iyenera kubzalidwa m'malo abwino; mumthunzi, vaccinations samazika mizu komanso osabala zipatso.

Agogo anga aamuna anayesa kutemera mbewu zam'miyendo pa mbande zazing'onoting'ono za phulusa lofiirira zakutchire zomwe zimatengedwa m'nkhalango yapafupi. Katemera uyu adazika mizu bwino, koma, mwatsoka, chifukwa chosowa malo pamalowo, kuyesaku kunachitika mthunzi wa mtengo wawukulu wa maapulo, chifukwa chake sitinadikire mapeyala phulusa laphiri. Koma mitengo yolumikizidwa inangokhala yopindika mwamphamvu kwazaka zopitilira 12, osapatsa chidwi pang'ono kapena nthambi zammbali.

Rowan, chokeberry ndi zinziri zimatha kudulidwa kuchokera nthangala. Amachotsedwa ku zipatso zokhwima bwino (mabulosi amapsa mu Julayi - Ogasiti, phulusa la mapiri ndi chokeberry mu Seputembala - Okutobala), kutsukidwa, kupukutidwa pang'ono ndikusungidwa m'matumba a pepala mpaka kufesa. Tekinoloje yokwezera mbande zawo ikufanana ndi mbande zamtchire zamtchire, koma kuya kwa mbewu ndikungoyambira masentimita 1-2.

Irgu ndi chokeberry amathanso kufalitsika ndi ana a mizu omwe amawoneka pafupi ndi tchire. Amakumba mosamala kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikuwayika kumalo okhazikika. Mutha katemera chaka chamawa mutabadwa.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusiya masamba osafunikira atatu pachitsamba chilichonse kuti mbewuyo isafe msanga.

Ndemanga

Zosiyanasiyana za mitundu ya TSHA ya peyala - Chizhovskaya, Lada, Moskvichka nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa kumtundu wamba wa phulusa. Mutha kuyesa mitundu ina. Kuthirira phulusa laphiri ndikofunikira, apo ayi, vaccinations samakula bwino pachilala, muzu wa zipatso zosanjikana ndipo amakula m'malo opanda madzi.

irisovi duh

//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=62373

Ndili ndi Quere ya peyala pa quince, mitengo yokongola osati yayikulu komanso yabwino kwambiri.

Chibativniy

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11091&page=8

Mtengo wa apulo, monga katundu, umalandira mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala. Katemera wa masika a peyala pambewu ya apulo pofika nthawi yophukira akhoza kukupatsani mwayi wopitilira mita, ndipo kuchokera kwa katemera aliyense mu Ogasiti mutha kutenga masamba opitilira khumi ndi angapo kuphukira pa peyala yeniyeni. Katemera wotereyu anangokulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chosakhalitsa m'matangadza. Potsalira pa kapangidwe kake, peyala ya apulo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala mchaka chachiwiri, imayamba kuyala nthambi za chigoba, mu lachitatu zimaphuka. Chapakatikati chachinayi, ma scion a peyala nthawi zambiri samadzuka.

brace

//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=30&t=5534&start=360

Chisankho choyenera cha malo abwino ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakuyika zipatso. Mitengo yambiri yotsimikizika ya mapeyala imakuthandizani kuti mukule zipatso za zipatso ndipo mupeze zipatso zabwino zambiri pafupifupi m'chigawo chilichonse kupatula kumpoto kwenikweni.