European plum Opal sidziwika bwino kwa olima maluwa ku Russia. Palibe zambiri zokhudza iye ku State Record. Koma kusiyanasiyana ndikosangalatsa, tiyeni tiwazolowere ndi wamaluwa omwe akukumana ndi kusankha koyenera pamsamba wawo.
Mbiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Opal plum
Monga mitundu yambiri yaku Europe, mtundu wakale wakale wa Opum wosankhidwa ku Sweden suli mu State Record of the Russian Federation. Kudutsa ma plum a mitundu Renkloda Ulena ndi Early Favorite, obereketsa adadzikhazikitsa ntchito yopeza mitundu yambiri yosagwirizana ndi maulimi kuti azilimitsa panthaka zovuta nyengo zoyipa. Ndipo ndinene kuti zidakwanitsa, ngakhale mu chisanu mpaka -30 ° C mtengowu nthawi zina umazizira, komabe umakhazikika msanga. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi nthenda zazikulu za fungus; palibe chidziwitso chomwe chapezeka pakukula kwa tizirombo. Ngakhale mitunduyo siili m'chigawo, malo omwe amalimidwa akhoza kuweruzidwa ndi malo omwe kulimidwa mbande zake. Kupeza nazale zopereka Opum plum m'chigawo cha Moscow (Yegoryevsky nazale), komanso ndemanga za wamaluwa ku dera la Moscow akukula mosiyanasiyana. Kuchokera pamenepa titha kupanga lingaliro lomveka bwino kuti maula a Opal amatha kukula ndikubereka zipatso mumsewu wapakati. Palibe zambiri zomwe zidapezedwa pazolekerera za chilala zosiyanasiyana.
Mtengowo unakhala wamtali wamtali, mpaka mamita atatu kutalika. Korona wake ndi wozungulira, wotakata, wokhala ndi ulusi. Plum Opal, kumezanitsidwa ndi nthangala za maula, kumayamba kubereka zipatso mchaka chachitatu mutabzala, ndikumatiziridwa pa Hungary Wangeheim mchaka chachiwiri. Maluwa oyambilira - nthawi zambiri maluwa amatuluka kuyambira April mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi.
Masamba a Opal plum amayambiranso, masamba asanatseguke kwathunthu.
Chifukwa chake, kucha zipatso kumachitika kumapeto kwa Julayi - August. Masamba a maluwa amaikika zophuka pachaka ndi nthambi za zipatso. Kupanga zamtunduwu ndizapakatikati komanso kosakhazikika. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, kuchokera pamtengo umodzi amalandira zipatso 30 mpaka 65 kg. Komanso, ndi zokolola zazikulu, zipatso ndizocheperako, kukoma kwawo kumachepa.
Zipatso za Opal plum ndizochepa - kulemera kwawo kwenikweni ndi 20-23 magalamu, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu kumafika 30 30 g. Maonekedwe ake amazunguliridwa ndimatumbo owoneka bwino. Khungu limakhala locheperako, koma limavuta kulekanitsa. M'mawonekedwe osakhwima, amakhala ndi mtundu wachikasu wobiriwira, ndipo nthawi yakukhwima imakhala yofiyira ndipo nthawi zina imakhala ndi mbiya ya lalanje. Pamwamba pali yankho laimvi.
Zipatso za Opal plum ndizochepa - kulemera kwawo kwenikweni ndi 20-23 magalamu, ndipo kulemera kwakukulu kumafika 30 30 g
Guwa limakhala lambiri, lopindika, koma lambiri. Mtundu wake ndi wachikaso chagolide. Mwalawo ndi wochepa; umalekanitsidwa bwino ndi zamkati. Kukoma kwa chipatso ndikokoma, acidity pang'ono ndi fungo labwino la maula. Kulawa kulawa kwamalingaliro - 4.5 mfundo. Ndi chinyezi chachikulu pakucha, zipatso zimayamba kusweka. Kusunthika kwa zipatso ndikwabwino, koma moyo wawo wa alumali, komanso mitundu ina ya chilimwe, ndi yaying'ono - amasungidwa mufiriji osapitilira milungu iwiri. Cholinga cha mitunduyi ndi chilengedwe.
Kubala kwawokha kwaubweya ndiwokwera - imatha kubzala popanda ma pollinators. Komanso, iye mwini ndi pollinator wabwino wazinthu zambiri zamitundu yambiri (mwachitsanzo, wa Bluefrey, Purezidenti, Stanley ndi ena). Koma zadziwika kuti pamaso pa maula mitundu Pavlovskaya ndi Scarlet Dawn, komanso chitumbuwa maula Soneika, zokolola ndi mtundu wa zipatso za Opal zimasintha.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana
Makhalidwe abwino a Opal plum ndi:
- Kuuma kwambiri kwa dzinja.
- Kukana matenda a fungal.
- Mtengo wopindika.
- Osadzikuza pochoka.
- Kukula msanga.
- Zodzilamulira.
- Zosiyanasiyana ndi pollinator wabwino.
- Kukoma kwa mchere.
- Cholinga cha onse.
- Kuyendetsa bwino.
Mbali zoyipa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zilipo:
- Osasinthika zipatso.
- Kukutula zipatso pakadzala mbewu.
- Chizolowezi chofuna kuthyola pansi chinyezi.
- Moyo wamasiku alifupi.
Kubzala mitundu ya maula Opal
Ngati wokonza dimba atha kubzala kale zambiri, ndiye kuti ndi Opal zosiyanasiyana sangakhale ndi vuto pankhaniyi. Malamulo onse omwe adatsata pakutsitsa amagwira ntchito pankhaniyi. Mutha kuyang'ana pa zina zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazomwezi:
- Popeza nthawi zina mitunduyo imazizira, ndibwino kuyiyika pamalo otsetsereka a kumwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo ndikutetezedwa kwachilengedwe ku mphepo yozizira ya kumpoto. M'zaka zoyambirira mutabzala, mbande zazing'ono ziyenera kutetezedwa nyengo yachisanu, makamaka kumpoto kwa msewu wapakati.
Mukabzala mmera pafupi ndi mpanda, imachita ngati chitetezo chachilengedwe ku mphepo yozizira.
- Mukamatera, 3x4 m scheme iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito (mzere kutalikirana - 3 m, mzere kutalikirana - 4 m).
- Osabzala m'malo okhala ndi madzi osefukira.
Njira yofikira palokha ndi yofanana, timafotokoza mwachidule:
- Mu nthawi yophukira, amagula mbande (zimasungidwa mpaka kuphukira pansi kapena kukumba pansi pomwepo) ndikukonzekera kubzala maenje ozama ndi mainchesi 70-90 masentimita, odzaza ndi nthaka yachonde. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku chernozem, peat, organic kanthu (humus kapena kompositi) ndi mchenga, amatengedwa chimodzimodzi.
- Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, masamba atakhala pamiyamba akungofinya (izi zikuwonetsa kuyambira kwa kuyenderera), amayamba kubzala.
- Ndikofunika kuti mulowetse mizu ya mbande musanabzare kwa maola awiri kapena atatu m'madzi. Pankhaniyi, mutha kuwonjezera othandizira kukula ndi mapangidwe a mizu, mwachitsanzo, Kornevin, Epin, Zircon, etc.
- M'dzenjemo, dzenje limapangidwa ndi mulu pakati, poyang'ana kukula kwa mizu ya mmera. Komanso mtengo wamatanda umayendetsedwa masentimita khumi ndi chimodzi kuchokera pakatikati pa chigawo chotsatira cha mmera kwa icho.
Mdzenje lobzala, dzenje limapangidwa ndi mulu pakati, poyang'ana kukula kwa mizu ya mmera, ndipo mtengo wamatanda umayendetsedwa ndi masentimita 10-12 kuchokera pakatipa kuti mukalore
- Chomera chimabzalidwa, ndikupuma khosi mizu yake pamwamba pomwepo ndikufalitsa mizu yake m'mphepete.
- Dzazani dzenje ndi dothi, kwinaku mukuipanga mosamala. Amaunikira komwe khosi la mizu - siliyenera kuyikidwa m'manda chifukwa chake. Ndikofunika kusiya ndikuchisiya 2-5 masentimita pamwamba panthaka, kuti nthaka ikadzala.
Mizu ya mmera imakutidwa ndi dothi lachonde, ndikuonetsetsa kuti khosi la mizu lili pansi
- Woumbika dothi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudulira madzi mozungulira mbiya ndi wowaza.
- Madzi okwanira kumera.
- Tsinde limafupikitsidwa mpaka 80-100 cm pamtunda.
Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro
Monga kubzala, kusamalira mayendedwe a Opal sikutanthauza maluso kapena maluso apadera. Nawa maupangiri ochepa othandizira kukula mtengo wathanzi ndikututa bwino:
- Munthawi yowuma, maula ayenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata, kuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi chadothi chofika 25-25 cm.
- Masiku 20-30 zipatso zisanakhazikike (pafupifupi kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Julayi), kuthirira kumayimitsidwa kuti khungu lisasokonekere.
- Kupanga korona koyenera kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a mbale kapena kupindika.
- Popeza zosiyanasiyana zimakonda kukulitsa korona, chaka chilichonse kasupe amafunika kuwachepetsa pokonza mtanda, komanso kukula mkati, mphukira ndi nsonga.
Popeza mtundu wa Opal plum umakonda kukokomeza korona, umayenera kupakidwa chaka chilichonse kumapeto kwa chaka
- Ngati ambiri thumba losunga mazira lipangidwe, kusintha kwachilengedwe kuyenera kuchitika ndikuwachotsa pang'ono.
Malangizo onse omwe ali pamwambapa posamalira mitundu ya maula a Opal amapangidwa kuti azilimidwa mumsewu wapakati, kuphatikiza m'matawuni.
Matenda ndi tizirombo: mitundu yayikulu ndi njira zothetsera vutoli
Popeza chiwopsezo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana chakuwombedwa ndi tizilombo tosavulaza sichinatchulidwe muzinthu, titha kulingalira kuti izi sizofunika kwambiri. Ndipo kupatsidwanso kuti mitunduyi kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, ndizotheka kuilitsa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zikuyera. Popewa mavuto omwe angakhalepo pankhaniyi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo apadera akukhazikitsa njira zodzitetezera poteteza mbewu. Mwachidule, izi ndi:
- Kusonkhanitsa ndi kuchotsera patsamba lamasamba otsala.
Masamba owundikira akuyenera kusungidwa ndikuchotsa pamalowo
- Kukumba kapena kulima dothi mozungulira mbewu kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mpaka 20-25 cm.
- Kucheka makungwa a mitengo ikuluikulu ndi mphukira zakuda zokhala ndi mandimu oterera, pomwe 3% yamkuwa sulphate.
Zopopera za mitengo m'dzinja ziyenera kuyeretsedwa ndi yankho la laimu
- Kudulira kwachiyero cha korona (kudula kwa mphukira wodwala, wowuma ndi wowonongeka).
- Pazifukwa zopewera, ndizotheka kuchitira chithandizo popanda kukonzekera kwachilengedwe - Fitoverm, Fitosporin, Iskra-Bio, etc. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otchingira mankhwala kumapangidwa pokhapokha ngati mwayamba kudwala matenda kapena kuukira kwa tizilombo.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Zowoneka, chifukwa cha kutchuka kocheperako kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, palibe konse ndemanga pa izi pamapulogalamu.
Opal ayenera kumanikizidwa mu korona wa maula-Hardy maula, Tula wakuda yemweyo.
Amateur, Moscow Region
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Ku Opal, zipatso zake ndizokoma kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe apadera, mosiyana ndi kukoma kulikonse. Koma inali Opal yomwe inali yovuta kwambiri kuposa ma degree ena ku VSTISP, komanso ngakhale ku Krasnodar Territory m'mbuyomu (2006). G. Eremin adalankhula izi pamaphunziro omaliza mu MOIP.
Tamara, Moscow
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Anthu okhala m'malo akumwera mwachidziwikire amatha kusankha mitundu yamakono komanso "yapamwamba". Koma mkati mwa msewu wapakati ndi dera la Moscow, maula a Opal ndi oyenera kukula, chifukwa ali ndi zovuta zochepa kuposa zabwino. Ikhoza kukhala chowonjezera china, chamtundu wina wamtsogolo, ngakhale kukhala pollinator wabwino kwa iwo.
