Zokongoletsera kunyumba - mafuta a basri: malongosoledwe, malingaliro odzala ndi kusamalira, zinthu za mitundu ndi zithunzi zawo

Mabala a basamu a basamu akhala akulima kunyumba kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri. Iye ankakondedwa chifukwa cha kuwala, kudzichepetsa komanso kumasuka.

Monga mukudziwira, mafuta a basamu amatanthauza mtundu wosakanizidwa umene ulipo ambiri.

Komanso, zokolola zoterezi zimagwirizanitsidwa mndandanda, ndipo mndandanda uliwonse uli ndi mitundu 20. Maluwa a maluwa amakhalanso osiyana kwambiri ndi oyera kupita kufiira. Chomeracho chimawoneka chokongola pa flowerbed ndi pawindo.

Kodi chomera ichi n'chiyani?

Malongosoledwe a zomera

Mafuta a basamu ndi a mtundu wa hybrids. Mosiyana ndi zomera zamba, maluwa a mtundu wa terry sakhala ophwanyidwa, koma odzaza ngati a rozi kapena carnation.

Mbiri ya

Mitundu yambiri ya zomera idapangidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Iwo anawonekera koyamba pa masamulo a masitolo a maluwa a US mu 1950. Komabe, mitundu ina idali yotchuka kale kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi. Wotchuka kwambiri mwa iwo ndi Balsam wa Waller. Iye amadziwika kuyambira zaka zapitazo, osati ku Ulaya ndi America, komanso ku Russia.

Maonekedwe ndi zinthu

Maonekedwe:

• Masamba maluwa okongola a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe a tsamba ndi lancet, malowo ndi osakaniza, chidziwitsocho sichipezeka.
• Tsinde minofu, bwino ndipo imakula mofulumira.
• Maluwa amafanana ndi duwa, carnation kapena camellia (malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana). Inflorescences ndi osasunthika, osasinthasintha, osasinthasintha - 3-5 masentimita. Mtunduwo ndiwo monochromatic kapena bicolor, variegated.
• Amamasula chomera mu malo apakati miyezi 6-8.
• Chipatso - mabokosi ambirimbiri oblong.
• Mbewu mtundu wofiirira wofiira, uwoneke masiku 25-30 mutangoyambira maluwa.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyanasiyana ndi:

• Kutalika kwa tsinde (wamtali - 30-60 masentimita, sredneroslye - 15-30 masentimita, amamera - 10-20 masentimita).
• Mtundu wa leaf (wobiriwira, wakuda, wobiriwira, variegated).
• Maonekedwe a chitsamba (chitsamba, ampelous).
• Mitundu ndi maonekedwe a maluwa.
• Zowonjezera (munda ndi chipinda).

Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi mitundu

Kenaka, tikufuna kuti tidziwe bwino za mitundu ndi zithunzi za basamu ndi pinki, zoyera ndi mitundu ina.

Waller

Balsam Waller (Impatiens walleriana) ndi chomera chosatha chosatha. Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi, hybrids zambiri zinamangidwa.

Maonekedwe a chitsamba ndi ozungulira, zimayambira ndi zowutsa, zowirira, zamphamvu. Mtundu wa tsinde ungakhale wosiyana ndi wofiira wofiira mpaka wobiriwira.

Maluwa ali pa nsonga za zimayambira ndipo ali:

• chofiira;
• lalanje;
• salimoni;
• woyera;
• pinki

Maonekedwe a duwa amafanana ndi duwa.. Mitundu ina ili ndi bicoloured. Chomera chikufalikirabe.

Athena

Kalasi ya Athena (Athena) - imatanthawuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe ili ndi chitsamba chamakono, choyenera kukula m'madengu, miphika. Duwa limakonda mbali ya kummwera, mthunzi wachabechabe komanso nthaka yochepa.

Chomeracho chimakonda chinyezi, koma sichilola kulemba ndi madzi. Mitunduyi ili ndi maluwa akuluakulu awiri ofanana ndi carnation (m'mimba mwake masentimita 5).

Maluwa ndi: ofiira, otumbululuka pinki, amchere. Chomeracho ndi chochuluka komanso chimakhala ndi nthawi yaitali.

Kutalika kwa m'nyumba m'nyumba 10-15 masentimita, munda - 25-30. Mitundu iyi siidabzalidwe m'malo amphepo.

Kodi ndikuti ndingabzala bwanji?

Malamulo oyendera pansi:

1. Pansi pa thanki ayenera kuika ngalande.
2. Pamene kuziika ziyenera kuchotsedwa mbali za mizu yakale.
3. Chida chocheka chiyenera kukhala chopanda matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso chakuthwa.
4. Tsatirani magawo ndi makala opangidwira.
5. Pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi, zomera zimayikidwa pamalo amdima kwa masiku 2-3.

Musayambe kubzala mbewu panthawi ya maluwa.

Kuunikira ndi malo

Njira yabwino ndi malo osasinthika opanda mphepo. Mafuta a basamu ndi otentha kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo sizitenga kuwala kwa dzuwa, mphepo ndi ma drafts. Choncho, malo abwino kwambiri ndi malo otsetsereka, komwe dzuŵa limakhala maola angapo patsiku. Malo abwino kwambiri m'nyumba - kumadzulo kapena kumadzulo.

Chowononga kwambiri chomera ndi chisanu!

Zosowa za nthaka

Nthaka iyenera kukhala madzi otayirira komanso opuma.osatetezedwa. Izi zimachitidwa mothandizidwa ndi fungicide kapena potassium permanganate, mukhoza kutentha nthaka mu uvuni. Alimi ena amalangizidwa kuti azipukuta nthaka musanadzalemo. Mlingo woyenera wa acidity - ma unit 6.0-6.5. Maluwa sagwirizana kwambiri dongo dothi.

Njira yabwino - chisakanizo cha pepala ndi mtedza wa nthaka, peat, humus ndi mchenga wa mtsinje. Zida zimatengedwa mu zigawo zofanana.

Malamulo a Kusamalira Kunyumba

Zinthu

Kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino + 20-22 masana ndi 18-20 - usiku. Kutentha - osachepera madigiri 15. Komanso, musalole kutentha kwambiri kwa mbewu.

Ngati duwa lili pawindo lakumwera, zenera liyenera kuvala ndi nsalu yotchinga.

Chipinda chomwe chili ndi basamu basamu chiyenera kufotokozedwa tsiku ndi tsiku. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimatsirizidwa ndi phytolamp. Kupopera mankhwala kumaloledwa kokha ngati kutentha kumadutsa madigiri + 20.

Kuthirira

Chomeracho chimakonda chinyezi, m'chaka, chilimwe ndi m'dzinja nthawi zonse ndi madzi, m'nyengo yachisanu madzi okwanira afupika. Panthawi yomweyi ndi kofunika kupewa kupezeka kwa nthaka. Komanso, munthu sayenera kulola kuti overmoistening ya dziko lapansi, izi zodzala ndi kukula kwa mizu yovunda. Kwa ulimi wothirira pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otsekemera kapena osungunuka. Kuthirira maluwa kumachokera ku madzi okwanira pamphepete mwa mphika kuti madzi asagwe pa maluwa ndi muzu. Pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kukuposa madigiri +22, chomeracho chiyenera kupopedwa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Feteleza

Kuyambira May mpaka September, chomeracho chimamera, 2 pa mwezi.. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza zovuta kuti muzipangira zokongoletsa. Kukonda kumapatsidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Manyowa omwe ali ndi azitrogeni sali ovomerezeka, monga momwe zomera zidzasinthira mopepuka. Mankhwalawa amachepetsedwa ndi theka poyerekeza ndi mlingo womwe umaperekedwa pa phukusi. M'nyengo yozizira, musadye.

Manyowa opanga tizilomboti tereamu nthawi zonse amatulutsa kokha atatha kuthirira.

Kudulira

Sungani mitundu ya balsamu yamatope kumayambiriro kwa masika. Imalimbikitsa maluwa komanso kupanga chitsamba chobiriwira. Ngati kusungunula sikofunikira, pang'anani mopepuka nsongazo. Amachotsanso maluwa, masamba, opusa komanso mphukira zakufa. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi zomera zimatsitsidwanso. Kuchita izi, kudula nsonga za kutalika kwa masentimita 15-20 ndikuzika mizu yawo mumchenga wouma. Pambuyo popanga mizu, zomera zakale zimalowetsedwa ndi achinyamata. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kudulira m'magulu angapo kuti zomera zisadandaule.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mame a Mealy

Amavala kutalika kwa zomera.

Kukula kwa matenda:

• Kuoneka koyera maluwa kumbuyo kwa masamba.
• Masamba amatembenukira wakuda, kupiringa ndi kugwa.
• Masamba atsopano pafupifupi samaoneka.
• Chomeracho chimamwalira.

Mankhwalawa amachitika mu magawo awiri:

1. Dulani malo okhudzidwawo kuti mukhale ndi minofu yathanzi.
2. Processing zomera fungicides.

Grey kuvunda

Makhalidwe:

• Kupulumuka kumatuluka mtundu wofiirira.
• Mmerawo umakhala wopusa.
• Tsinde ndiyeno mbewu yonseyo imamwalira.

Kulimbana ndi matenda:

1. Chotsani malo omwe ali ndi matenda.
2. Kupopera mankhwala ndi fungicide kapena njira ya msuzi-sopo.

Kupewa:

• Kuchotsedwa kwa masamba akufa ndi masamba.
• Kumangoyendayenda nthawi zonse.
• Kuunikira bwino.
• Kusuntha nthaka.
• Kutentha kwakachepa.

Kangaude mite

Zizindikiro zowonongeka zimagwiritsa ntchito masamba, zomwe zimawonjezereka m'kupita kwa nthawi ndikukhala mawanga akuluakulu.

Nkhondo:

1. Kuchotsedwa kwa magawo odzala mbewu.
2. Kuchiza ndi tizilombo "Akarin" kapena "Mphezi".

Kupuma

Mphutsi ndi tizilombo akuluakulu zimayamwa selo kuchokera ku chomera, chifukwa chaichi chimachepetsa ndi kufa.

Zizindikiro za maonekedwe:

• Mabala a mdima, mikwingwirima, kuphulika pamasamba.
• Kufa kwa minofu ya zomera.
• Wilting ndi masamba akugwa.
• Kuzungulira kwa zimayambira.

Nkhondo:

1. Kuchiza kwa zomera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Fitoverm, Vertimek, Aktelik).
2. Kuyeretsa makina a tizilombo ndi sopo ndi siponji.

Zinthu zoberekera

Mafuta a basamu amafalikira ndi mbewu ndi cuttings.

Kubalana ndi cuttings

Zisanachitike izi, kudula ndi 2-3 internodes kumatengedwa kuchokera kwa mayi wathanzi ndikuyika mu galasi ndi madzi kwa masabata awiri.

Mbewu yofesa

Izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa February - oyambirira March. Zolemba:

1. Mbewu imayambitsidwa mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 15.
2. Bzalani mumtsuko wokonzedwa bwino ndi nthaka yonyowa.
3. Mbewu ili ndi mchenga wosabala (3 mm).
4. Chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki.
5. Pambuyo pake amaika pamalo otentha mpaka kumera.
6. Mbande zimatulutsa mpweya ndi mpweya tsiku ndi tsiku. Kupuma mpweya kutsegula wowonjezera kutentha kwa mphindi 30.
7. Pambuyo pa maonekedwe awiri kapena atatu oyambirira, mbande imathamanga ndikukhala miphika yaing'ono ndi masentimita 8-10 masentimita.

Chofunika kwambiri cha basamu basamu - kuphweka. Chomera ichi ndi choyambirira kwa oyamba kumene florist. Kuwonjezera kwina ndiko kukongoletsa ndi kusinthasintha. Maluwa oterowo akhoza kukhala zokongoletsera osati kunyumba, komanso kumbuyo, khonde, nyumba yachilimwe. Ndipo chifukwa cha nthawi yaitali maluwa, nthawi zonse imawoneka mogwirizana ndipo ikugwirizana ndi chilichonse.