Mutha kumera mtengo wa maapozi m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kupeza zinthu zabwino kwambiri pakubzala zipatso ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa ma apulo. Pali njira zambiri ndi njira zambiri zokulira mbande. Tithandizira wosamalira mundawo kuti amvetse nkhaniyi, kuyambitsa njira zabwino komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri pofalitsa maapulo odulidwa.

Kudula kwa mtengo wa maapulo: ndizotheka kukula apulo kuchokera kudulidwe

Yankho la funso lodziwikirali ndizosiyana - inde, ndizotheka. Komanso iyi ndi njira yokhayo yofalitsira mtengo wa apulo. Zowona, mwayi ulipobe wakukulitsa mbewu, koma iyi ndi njira yopweteketsa, yomwe imafuna ndalama zambiri. Pansi pake zinthu zosinthika sizisungidwa ndipo sanapeze zofalitsa zambiri. Cholinga chachikulu cha zodula ndikupeza mbande zokulira.

Pali njira ziwiri zopezera mbande za mtengo wa maapozi - kudzuza pamtengowo (chotchedwa chomera chomwe mphukira kapena chomera china chimamera) ndikuzika mizu popanda kumalumikiza. Tidzaulula mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo la njira yachiwiri.

Kutalika kwa kufalitsa ndi mizu kudula

Njira zonse zopezera mbande kuchokera paudzu osazula popanda kumezanitsa zimafunikira chomera chokonzedwa pofika nthawi yophukira. Kutengera ndi njirayi, njirayi imayamba kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena masika. Madeti ochulukirapo adzawonetsedwa pansipa pofotokoza njira zakulera.

Kufalikira kwa mitengo ya maapulo pozula mizu

Njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika ziwiri zazikulu:

• Kukula m'matangadza kuti mupezenso katemera.
• Zokumba mbande.

Njira imakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

1. Kukolola odulidwa.
2. Kusungidwa kwa iwo (ngati kuli kotheka).
3. Mizu.
4. Tikufika.

Kufalikira kwa mitengo ya maapulo ndi kudula kosakhazikika

Zodulidwa zolemekezeka nthawi zambiri zimazika mizu, ndikututa kumapeto kwa Disembala - Januware woyamba. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani mphukira wazaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri wazipatso pakati pa korona kuchokera kumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa kwa mtengowo. Ayenera kukhala athanzi kwathunthu, popanda zizindikiro zakudwala komanso zowonongeka. Njira ziwiri ndizotheka:

Njira yolimbikitsira njira ya mtsogolo za kudula kwa mahomoni m'thupi

Ili ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kopulumuka - malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, siosakwana 70%. Njira ndi motere:

1. Nthambi zimathyoka popanda kuwononga khungwa kapena kuwonongeka pang'ono. Nthambi zazitali zimathyoledwa m'malo angapo ndikutalika kwa 15-20 cm.
2. Malo omwe akupumulawo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito bandeji kuchokera pachigoba, tepi yamagetsi kapena zinthu zina zoyenera. Mwanjira iyi, zodulidwazo zimasiyidwa mpaka kumapeto, pomwe zinthu zakumaso zimatumizidwa kumalo opwetekedwa kuti akachiritse ziwundazo.
   

   Malo opumirawo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito bandeji kuchokera pachigamba, matepi, kapena zinthu zina zoyenera.

3. Mu Marichi - Epulo, bandeji imachotsedwa ndipo odulidwa amawadula m'malo opumira. Poterepa, gawo lotsikirako liyenera kukhala lolunjika komanso lotalika masentimita 1-2 pansi pa impso, ndipo chapamwamba chizikhala chopendekera ndi 0.5-1 masentimita pamwamba pa impso. Mayendedwe odulidwa kumtunda akuchokera impso pansi.
4. Pakuzika mizu, ikani zodulidwazo mumabotolo opaque (mabotolo awiri malita a pulasitiki yakuda okhala ndi khosi lodulidwa ndizoyenereradi - amadulidwa kuti malekezero akumtunda akucheperako pang'ono kuposa m'mphepete mwa botolo), pansi pomwe amayika siponji yolimba 1-1,5 cm ndikutsanulira. kapena madzi amvula akufika masentimita 5-7.Miyala iwiri ya kaboni yokhazikitsidwa imawonjezeredwa pamadzi. Matanki okhala ndi zodula amaikidwa pawindo.
   

   Kuti mupeze mizu, ikani zodulidwazo mumabotolo opaque (mabotolo okwanira malita awiri apulasitiki yakuda okhala ndi khosi lodulidwa ndizoyenera), pansi pomwe amayika chinkhupule champhamvu 1-1,5 cm ndikuthira madzi osungunuka mpaka masentimita 5-7
5. Kenako onani momwe mizu ikuyambira. Pakupita pafupifupi sabata, callus (callus) thickenings mawonekedwe kumapeto m'munsi mwa kudula, ndiye kuti mizu imayamba kuonekera. Makulidwe awo akafika masentimita 5-7 (nthawi zambiri amatenga masabata ena awiri), ndiye kuti zodulidwa zimabzalidwa.
   

   Kukula kwa mizu kukafika masentimita 5-7 (nthawi zambiri kumatenga masabata awiri), kudula kumabzalidwa

6. Tsambali likuyenera kukhala lowoneka bwino, koma osayatsidwa ndi dzuwa mwachindunji. Mu nyengo yotentha, mungafunike mthunzi mbande zamtsogolo. Poyamba, musanazike mizu yabwino (kwa milungu pafupifupi 2-3), muyenera kupanga wowonjezera kutentha m'malo mwake kuchokera pazinthu zopangidwa bwino (galasi, pulasitiki yowoneka bwino kapena filimu) kuti apange greenhouse.
7. Panyengo, muyenera kuthirira mbewu nthawi ndi nthawi, kuti nthaka isawonongeke.
8. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbande zokulira bwino zimamera pamadula, zomwe zingabzalidwe m'malo okhazikika.

Callus mu chomera zamoyo amatanthauza maselo amene amapanga pachilonda pamsika. Minofu ya Callus, chifukwa cha magawikidwe a maselo ophatikizana pachilondacho, amapanga mawebusayiti a cork - chifukwa, mabala amachiritsa, vaccinations amakula limodzi, ndi zina zambiri.

Mizu yodula masamba okhala kunyumba

Mwa osankhidwa - monga tafotokozera pamwambapa - nthambi zamtunduwu zimadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita awiri mkati mwa atatu ndipo zimayikidwa kuti zisungidwe mu chidebe chamchenga chonyowa (zodulidwazo ziyenera kuphimbidwa kwathunthu). Kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kupitirira +2 ° C. Amayamba kuzika kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi. Kuti muchite izi:

1. Zophatikizira zoyenera (mabokosi, muli, mapoto, ndi zina) zimakonzedwa zodzaza ndi dothi lotalika mpaka 15-20 cm.Dothi loterolo liyenera kukonzedwa pakuphatikizika ndikusakaniza dothi lakuda, peat, humus ndi mchenga wamtsinje, wotengedwa chimodzimodzi. Ndipo mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito dothi lililonse lomwe linagulidwa mosaloledwa acid-base reaction (pH 6.5-7.0).
2. Chotsani zodulidwazo ndikutsitsimutsa maudindo awo.
3. Zigawo zapamwamba zimakutidwa ndi var var.
4. Malekezero apansi amdulidwe amatsitsidwa kwa maola angapo mu yankho la muzu (Heteroauxin, Kornevin, Zircon, etc.).
5. Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa m'nthaka ndikuya masentimita 5-7 (pasapezeke impso pamtunda wa nthaka, ndipo ngati zilipo, ndiye kuti ziyenera kuchotsedwa) ndi gawo la 5-10 cm.
   

   Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa m'nthaka ndikuya masentimita 5-7 ndi kutalika kwa 5-10 cm

6. Amanyowetsa nthaka bwino ndipo mtsogolomo amaonetsetsa kuti siumauma. Kulemba madzi ndi acidization ndikuloledwa.
7. Pangani kutentha kwanyengo muzotengera pomanga nyumba yobiriwira pang'ono. Asungeni m'nyumba m'nyumba kutentha.
8. Chakumapeto kwa Marichi - kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, zotengera zomwe zadulidwa kale zimatengedwa kumunda kapena kuziyika malo oyenera sukulu.
9. Mpaka kugwa, amapatsa mbewu chisamaliro chokhazikika - kuthirira, kumasula, kulungunula, kugwedezeka.

Njira yofotokozedwayo ikhoza kusintha m'njira yosangalatsa. Asanayike zidutswazo m'bokosi lokhala ndi michere, malekezero ake amamangidwa mbatata wamba (maso onse amachotsedwapo kale). Kenako gawo lotsika la zodulidwazo, limodzi ndi mbatata, zaikidwa m'dothi. Zochita zina zimakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Malinga ndi umboni wina, njirayi imawonjezera mizu ya mizu yodula ndipo imakhala mizu yabwinopo.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira zobalitsira za apulo pozika mizu pamadulidwe olembetsedwa

Zotsatirazi za njirayi zitha kudziwidwa ndi maubwino:

• Kusungidwa kosiyanasiyana kwa woperekayo. Zodulidwa zitha kutengedwa ku mizu yonse ndi kumtengowo.
• Kutha kubereketsa mitengo ya maapulo nthawi iliyonse.
• Zicheka ndizosavuta kupulumutsa, zimatha kutumizidwa ku mtunda uliwonse popanda ndalama zapadera (mosiyana ndi kunyamula mbande zomalizidwa).

Chobwezera chokha cha njirayi poyerekeza ndikufalitsa ndi mizu yodula ndi nthawi yayitali yozika mizu ndi kupeza mmera womalizidwa.

Kufalikira kwa mitengo ya maapulo ndikudula kobiriwira

Njirayi silipereka kupulumuka kokwanira - malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana, imachokera ku 30 mpaka 60%. Koma popeza zodulidwa zobiriwira zitha kukonzedwa m'njira zochuluka, ndipo mwaulere, mutha kupeza mbande zolondola nthawi zonse. Ubwino wina wa njirayi ndi kusungidwa kwa mitundu ya woperekayo. Zovuta zake zimaphatikizapo chisamaliro chovuta komanso nthawi yayitali yolandila mmera womaliza - ndi zaka ziwiri. Chifukwa cha zoperewera, njirayi siigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pochita. Kwa iwo amene mukufuna kuyesa, timafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane. Njirayi iyenera kuyamba kuyambira pa Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa Julayi, koma posachedwa bwino.

Njira ndi motere:

1. Asanabzalidwe, makamaka m'mawa, nthambi zobiriwira zomwe zikudulidwa pano zimadulidwa.
2. Dulani imodzi kapena zingapo zingadulidwe kuchokera ku nthambi iliyonse, kutengera kutalika kwake. Aliyense wa iwo azikhala ndi impso zitatu. Pochita izi, tsatirani malamulo awa:
   • Kudula kwapansi kumachitika mwachindunji pansi pa impso, ndipo pepala pansi limachotsedwa.
   • Gawo lapamwamba limapangidwa ndi 0,5-1 masentimita pamwamba pa impso.
   • Kuti muchepetse evaporation, ma sheet awiri otsalawo amafupikitsidwa ndi theka.
3. Dothi lazinthu zokhala ndi michere yotalika masentimita 5-7 limathiridwa pabokosi lotsika, ndipo pamwamba pake - mchenga wonyowa wokhala ndi masentimita 4-5.
4. Zodulidwa zokhazikika mumchenga mpaka akuya masentimita 1-2. Mtunda pakati pa zodulidwazo umasungidwa mkati mwa 4-5 cm.
   

   Zodulidwa zobiriwira zimakanika m'nthaka ndikuya kuya kwa 1-2 masentimita ndi gawo la 4-5 cm
5. Wowonjezera kutentha pang'ono kwa ma arcs ndi kanema adayikidwira pamwamba pa bokosilo kuti apange njira yoyenera kwambiri chinyezi.
6. Wobiriwira wokhala ndi bokosi amaikidwa mumthunzi.
7. Nthawi ndi nthawi ya masiku atatu, nthawi yobiriwira (kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10) imatseguka ndikumunyowetsa mchenga kuchokera kupopera.
8. Pambuyo kuzula zodula (monga lamulo, izi zimachitika pambuyo pa masabata 2-3) wowonjezera kutentha amachotsedwa.
9. Mpaka nthawi yophukira, amaonetsetsa kuti dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, limamasula ndi kuyereketsa.
10. Mu nthawi yophukira, mbande zazing'ono zimabzalidwe pamalo osatha (ndi chisangalalo pogona ku chisanu), kapena kuziika m'zotengera zokhala ndi dothi labwino ndikuziyikamo wowonjezera kutentha kwa dzinja.

Kanema: momwe mungazule mizu yobiriwira bwino

Kukula mbande za apulo kuchokera muzu kudula

Zodulidwa mizu zimatha kufalitsa mtengo wa apulosi wamtundu uliwonse. Zonse zomwe zikufunika ndikuti muzikhala mizu. Ngati titenga zipatso zoduladula pamtengowo, ndiye chifukwa chake timapeza mmera wosasinthika, womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nkhokwe pakumangira kulima pamenepo. Mkhalidwe wachiwiri wopeza zotsatira zabwino ndikuti mtengo wa apulosi wopereka ayenera kukhala wachichepere (osapitirira zaka 5-7), popeza kuthekera kwake kuphukira mizu kumachepera kwambiri ndi ukalamba. Zidula zimakolola m'dzinja podula mizu ndi mainchesi 5-10 mm ndi kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita, osayiwala kuyika malekezero awo omwe anali pafupi ndi thunthu. Mpaka masika, zodula zimasungidwa pansi pamchenga m'chipinda chapansi pa kutentha osaposa +5 ° C. Muthanso kukumba zodula m'mundamo. Kuti muchite izi, kukungani poyambira pang'onopang'ono pamalo osayenerika, pomwe pansi pake pamatsanulira. Zodulidwa zokhomedwa pamwambo zimaphimbidwanso ndi utuchi komanso kuwaza ndi lapansi. Ngati nyengo yotentha imakhala yozizira komanso osati chipale chofewa, ndiye kuti malo okumba ndiophatikizanso ndi zinthu zotheka - nthambi za spruce, masamba owuma, utuchi, etc. Zingakhale zothandiza kuyika nyambo zakupweteketsa mbewa m'malo osungira.

Amayamba kubzala kumayambiriro kasupe ndikukhazikika kwa impso. Ukadaulo uli motere:

1. Masiku 10-15 lisanachitike tsiku lobzala lomwe limayembekezeka, zodulidwa zimayikidwa mosavomerezeka m'bokosi lokhala ndi utuchi kuti gawo lomwe lili pafupi ndi thunthu limaphimbidwa, ndipo gawo lachiwiri limalunjikitsidwa kumtunda ndipo limatulutsa pang'ono pamwamba pa utuchi.
2. Sawdust inanyowa bwino ndikuyika bokosilo mchipinda chotentha (+ 20-25 ° C).
3. Pakapita kanthawi, masamba amapezeka pazodulidwa, pambuyo pake kukula kwa mphukira kumayamba. Zoyambira mphukira zikafika 1 cm, zimabzalidwa pansi. Izi zimachitika kawiri masabata awiri.
4. Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa mosadukiza kapena mosadukiza m'miyala yokhala ndi masentimita asanu ndi atatu mpaka yakuzama kotero kuti zimatuluka pansi ndi 1.5-2 cm.
5. Poyambira amathiramo madzi ndi kuwumbika.
6. Pambuyo pa kubzala mbande, zimayang'aniridwa komanso mbande wamba (madzi, kumasulidwa, udzu, mthunzi, ndi zina).
   

   Pakapita nthawi mutabzala muzu wakudula mizu

Ubwino wawukulu wa njira ndi nthawi yofupikirako yopezera mmera kuposa pakuzula masamba okhala lignified (ngakhale obiriwira kwambiri). Koma mwachangu (komanso ndi zotsatira zomwezo), mutha kutenga mmera pogwiritsa ntchito mphukira (mphukira) ngati mmera wake. Zoyipa za njirayi:

• Kulephera kufalitsa mitengo yolumikizidwa.
• Kulephera kubereka mitengo yakale.

Kukula mbande kuchokera kumizu

Chapakatikati, kuzungulira tsinde, dothi limatsanulidwa ndi wosanjikiza 20 cm ndikuthilira madzi nthawi zonse. Chaka chotsatira, mizu yophukira ndi nthambi zokhala ndi nthambi zokulirapo zimamera kuchokera pakumwaza komwe kumachokera, komwe kumadulidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa. Zachidziwikire, njirayi imagwira ntchito kokha ku maapulo a mizu.

Chaka chotsatira, ufa utakonkhedwa ndi tsinde, mizu yokhala ndi nthambi zokulira msipowo imamera kuchokera pamenepo, yomwe imadulidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa.

Vidiyo: kupeza mbande za apulo kuchokera ku nthambi za mizu

Mizu yozika mizu pamtengo

Njira yosangalatsa yomera mizu pamtengo. Pazifukwa za njirayi, mu Meyi - June, nthambi zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimakula bwino zimasankhidwa. Kenako amachita izi:

1. Mphukira yachinyamata ya chaka chamawa ikupezeka ndipo pansi pa malo omwe idayamba kukula mbali yomaliranayi, khungayo imachotsedwa ndi mphete yokwana masentimita 1-3.
2. Tsamba lodula la khungwa limasungunuka ndi yankho la Kornevin, lomwe lingathandize kuti mizu yake ipangidwe mwachangu.
3. Kutali kwa 10-15 masentimita pamwamba pa mawonekedwe, impso zonse zimachititsidwa khungu ndipo mawonekedwe angapo a kotekisi amapangidwa.
4. Chovala chaching'ono cha polyethylene chimayikidwa pa nthambi - chikwama chokhala ndi chidutswa chodula - masentimita 10-15.Munsi yake yotsika imakhala yotetezedwa ndi tepi yamagetsi masentimita 8-10 pansi pazodula zowonongeka. . Sungani gawo lapansi ndikuwonjezera madzi 200-300 ml - kusungunuka kapena mvula - ndikukonza kumapeto kwa paketi ndi tepi yamagetsi. M'malo mwa thumba (kapena ndi icho), mutha kugwiritsa ntchito botolo la pulasitiki lodula lofunikira.
   

   Mapangidwe a mizu ya mizu imapangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zopangidwa bwino

5. Kenako, kapangidwe kake kamakutidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za manyuzipepala kapena pepala loyera kuti iwonetse dzuwa. Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito zojambula za aluminium pazinthu izi.
6. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mizu imayenera kupanga mkati mwa thumba. Izi zikachitika, ndiye kuti kumtunda kwa nthambi yokhala ndi mizu kumadulidwa ndikubzalira nyengo yachisanu mu ngalande, yomwe ili bwino.
7. Chapakatikati, mmera umabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika.

Njira yakaleyi, ngakhale siyigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri, ilibe zovuta ndipo ingalimbikitsidwe kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kanema: Mizu yamitengo yamitengo ya apulo

Kubwezeretsanso mtengo wa maapozi mwa kudula mizu pokhapokha ngati kumawoneka kovuta. Ataphunzira mosamalitsa malangizo opezera mbande kuchokera kumtundu wobiriwira, wobiriwira kapena mizu, wolimira munda adzapeza yekha njira yoyenera pamkhalidwe wina.