Mbiri ya quince ili ndi zaka zoposa zinayi. Quince imadziwika kuti dziko la Caucasus. Izi zikufalikira kuthengo: imamera m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, glade ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, imakwera m'mapiri mpaka mamita 1400. Malo ake amakhalanso kumpoto kwa Iran, Asia, Australia, America, kontinenti ya Africa m'malo otentha.
Kodi quince
Quince ndiye yekha woimira banja la Pinki. Ili ndi mawonekedwe amtundu kapena chitsamba, nthambi zake zomwe zimakweza mokhazikika.
Chipatsochi chimafanana kwambiri ndi apulo, koma samalani - chikhoza kukhala cholimba kwambiri. Chipatsochi ndi apulosi wabodza, wozungulira kapena woboola pakati, nthawi zina wokhala ndi nthiti zowala. Kumayambiriro kwa kucha, imamveka-pubescent, chipatso chokhwima chimakhala chokhazikika komanso chosalala, chimakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso.
Zamkati mwake ndi zolimba, kukoma kwake ndikopeka ndi zopeka, zowawa-zotsekemera.
Zipatso zatsopano zimapangidwa pang'ono, koma zimasiyana mu fungo lachilendo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kupanikizana, kupanikizana, ma compote ndi zakumwa zina zathanzi.
M'mitengo yamtchire, zipatsozo ndizochepa, kulemera magalamu 80, m'magulu okwana magalamu 300, zimatha mpaka 2 kg.
Pakati pa zipatso pali matumba asanu okhala ndi njere. Peel ya njere ndi yoyera, yokhala ndi ntchofu yomwe imatupa m'madzi. Mbewu zimanunkhira ngati ma amondi owawa.
Quince mbewu mu zipatso
Maluwa a Quince amayamba mu Meyi, mbewuzo zimakololedwa m'dzinja kumapeto kwa Seputembala kapena Okutobala.
maluwa oyera a quince
Amakhulupirira kuti zipatso zimatha kupezeka kum'mwera kwa Russia. Komabe, mbewu iyi ikupitabe kumpoto, chifukwa cha mitundu yatsopano yolimbana ndi chisanu.
Kulima ndi chisamaliro
Quince ndi chomera chosalemera. Alibe zofunikira m'nthaka. Itha kukhala dothi lamchenga kapena dongo, madambo. Momwe nthaka yamtundu uliwonse imasiyanirana pang'ono: pamadothi amchenga, amayamba kubereka zipatso m'mbuyomu, panthaka zadongo zimatulutsa zokolola zambiri.
Tikufika
Malo omwe quince adzakulire ayenera kukhala otentha komanso dzuwa, lotsekedwa ndi mphepo yozizira. Kubzala kumachitika mu kasupe, ndi masamba ogona. Mukugwa, alibe nthawi yozika mizu. Mtunda wamitengo ina ndi nyumba zizikhala zosachepera 5 metre chifukwa dera lalikulu la mizu ya chomera chachikulu.
Chisamaliro chochuluka chimaperekedwa pokonzekera dothi. Mizu ya Quince ili pafupi ndi dziko lapansi, ikupendekera kumbali yakutali, kwambiri kukula kwa korona.
Choyambira kuyamba ndikukula dothi ndi feteleza. Kukumba pa kandulo limodzi la fosholo, pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza:
- 10-20 magalamu a potaziyamu chloride;
- 40-50 g wa superphosphate.
Pobowola mmera mwakumba mpaka pakuya masentimita 40 ndi mulingo wofanana ndi mizu ya mmera, pansi ndikuyiyika:
- 50 g wa phulusa;
- 150 g wa superphosphate;
- Chidebe 1 cha humus.
Zonsezi ziyenera kusakanikirana ndi dothi, kuthiriridwa ndikusiyidwa kwa masabata 1-2, mutayamba kubzala. Mukakhazikitsa mmera, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti malo ophatikiza ndi pamwamba pa nthaka, khosi la mizu silingazike. Pambuyo pobwerera, mmera uzithiridwa pang'ono ndikuthirira.
Mavalidwe oyenera
Mitengo yaying'ono yomwe yayamba kupezeka imafunika kudya nthawi zonse. Chapakatikati, podulira mitengo ndikumasulira nthaka, nitrophoska imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuchuluka kwa magalamu 50 pa mita imodzi. Chapakatikati, mbewu zazing'ono zimafunikira feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
M'dzinja, zipatso zitakololedwa, feteleza ndi phosphorous zimawonjezeredwa:
- potaziyamu mankhwala enaake - 20 g;
- superphosphate - 20 g.
Feteleza feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yophukira 1 nthawi ziwiri zaka 2.
Thirani
Pali nthawi zina zomwe quince imasowa kuti izikagulidwa kumalo ena. Kuika, kumene, ndikotheka, koma zotsatira zake sizikhala zabwino nthawi zonse. Ndizomveka kutsegula mitengo yaing'ono, yazaka zitatu kapena zinayi zokha. Pazaka zambiri, mtengo wazaka 15 umazika mizu ndizovuta kwambiri, ndikosavuta kutenga nthambi zake ndikubzala mtengo wachichepere.
Pakuchulukitsa kwa quince mu kasupe, dzenjelo limakonzedwa; msana muzomera umachepetsedwa ndipo ndizovuta kusunga umphumphu wa mizu. Muzu. Mizere yake iyenera kulingana ndi korona wa mtengo wobwezeretsedwa. Dzenjelo limadzazidwa ndi feteleza chimodzimodzi ndikabzala, ndikuthirira. Chapakatikati, amakumba mtengo, kuyesa kuvulaza mizu, kuyiyika dzenje pakati, ndikudzaza ndi dothi, kuthirira ndikuwubiza.
Kudulira mitengo
Mitengo ing'onoing'ono yophukira imapanga kudulira. Mutabzala, mmera umadulidwa pomwepo, ndikusiya masamba 7-8. Magawo awiri amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Chaka chotsatira, nthambi yayikulu ya quince imadulidwa mu nthambi yakunja, ndipo kumapeto kwa gawo, kukula kumafupikitsidwa mpaka 50-60 masentimita kuti apange nthambi zachiwiri.
Kuchokera kunthambi zam'mbali, omwe akupikisana nawo wochititsa amadulidwadulidwa ndipo nthambi zake zimakulitsa pakatikati pa korona.
M'pofunika kuchotsa mizu.
Korona wa quince amapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a mbale wopangidwa ndi nthambi zinayi kapena zisanu za chigoba pamtengo wosaposa theka la mita.
mapangidwe a korona
Pambuyo pazaka zisanu, korona akapangidwa kale, kasupe aliyense mawonekedwe ake amasungidwa.
M'dzinja, nthambi zonse zowonongeka za korona zimachotsedwa. Kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika masamba atagwa.
Kanema: momwe mungachepere
Katemera wa Quince
Kodi ndingabzalire chiyani pa quince? Peyala yabzalidwe bwino pamenepo kwa nthawi yayitali. Njirayi imakulolani kuti mukhale ndi kanjira kakang'ono, kosavuta kusamalira ndikututa.
Kubala kwa peyala kotereku kumayamba mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi, ndipo kukula kumayambira panthawiyi. Mtengo wotere sukutulutsa mphukira, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa zipatso ndikuwongolera kwawo. Quince Anzherskaya ndi Provenskaya ali oyenerera bwino ngati katundu.
Ndikotheka kubzala rowan, hawthorn, henomeles, komwe kumagwirizana bwino kwambiri mumtengo ndikuthandizidwa ndi quince.
Kwa quince yokha, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mbande za quince ngati stock. Zitha kupezeka mchaka chimodzi, chifukwa mbewu za quince zimakhala ndi nthawi yayikulu yophukira komanso nthawi yayifupi.
Zitsamba zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zomwe zinamezanitsidwa kuti zithe kupatula kusagwirizana.
Njira yabwino ndi katundu, womwe umapezeka kwa quince odulidwa, mbewu za zipatso zimaphatikizidwa ndi katundu uyu bwino kuposa ndi mmera.
Quinces amata mu cotoneaster, irga, chokeberry.
Inoculation ya quince pa apulo kapena peyala imachitika kawirikawiri kwambiri, izi zimatheka pokhapokha podziwa zinthu komanso luso.
Kuchita zolowa pansi phulusa la paphiri kumenekonso. Kuti muchite izi, woyamba agga adamezanitsidwa pa phulusa laphiri, ndipo atakula paliponse, quince adamezanitsidwa.
Kuchulukitsa
Quince ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi njere ndi zipatso.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Kubzala mbewu nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mitundu yamitundumitundu, komabe, njirayi imakulolani kuti muthe kupeza mitundu yolimba kwambiri yozizira ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ngati masheya otemera amitundu yomweyo.
Panthawi yofesa masika, nthawi yoyamba kubzala mbewu kumachitika masiku 50-60. Kubzala kumayamba pakati pa Epulo - kumayambiriro kwa Meyi.
Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi kufesa kwa nyundo. Pamenepa, zikumera zimapezeka kale kumapeto kwa Epulo.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Zidula zimatengedwa mu yophukira kuchokera kumiphukira yapachaka, zomwe zimadulidwa ndi zodula 25-30 cm ndikusungidwa m'malo achinyezi. Amabzala kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mtunda wa 10 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake 40 cm pakati pa mizere. Impso imodzi yokha ndiyofunika kukhalabe pamwamba. Chinyezi chokhazikika chimasungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha, chimagwiritsiridwa madzi nthawi zonse.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka ndikokwera kwambiri - mpaka 95%, m'malo otseguka - 30-40%.
Matenda a quince komanso kulimbana nawo
Quince ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda, komanso imathanso kukhudzidwa ndi zovuta monga matenda a powdery mildew, zipatso zowola, kuvunda kwa thumba losunga mazira, dzimbiri, zowola za zipatso ndi matenda ena. Matendawa amabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa masamba, nthambi, zipatso ndi kuwonongeka kwa mbewu.
Ndi matenda fungal monga moniliosis, spores amayamba kulowa m'maluwa. Maluwa amawuma, kenako masamba ayamba kupukuta, nthambi nkuuma.
Popewa matendawa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa gwiritsani ntchito kukonzekera Horus, Skor. Si owopsa kwa opukutira mungu.
Popewa kufalikira kwa matendawa, nthambi zodwala ziyenera kudulidwa nthawi yomweyo pamatumbo athanzi ndikuwotchedwa.
Thumba losunga mazira ndi zipatso zonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa pansi pa mtengo. M'dzinja amalimbikitsidwa kulima dzikolo ndi sulfate yachitsulo.
Kanema: quince moniliosis
Quince tizirombo ndi kulimbana nawo
Quince angakhudzidwe ndi tizirombo ta mbewu za pome. Tizilombo todziwika bwino ndi:
- Apple njenjete. Imabereka mwachangu kwambiri, ndikupanga mibadwo ingapo nthawi yachilimwe ndikuwononga zipatso zambiri. Mutha kuthana ndi izi ndi mankhwala Lepidocide, Dendrobacillin.
- Mphutsi za masamba njenjete. Masamba okhudzidwa amawala, kenako nkugwa, zipatso za quince zimachepetsedwa. Mutha kuwachotsa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa Fundazole.
- Chingwe cha zipatso, chofiira kapena chofiirira, chimayamwa timadziti kuchokera kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba. Kukhalapo kwawo kumadziwika ndi maonekedwe omata a msuzi pachomera. Popewa mawonekedwe awo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 7% urea m'dzinja kumathandiza.
- Ma nsabwe. Imayamwa madzi mu chomera ndipo imatenga matenda owopsa a ma virus omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Kuti muthane ndi izi, gwiritsani ntchito sopo (50 magalamu ochapira sopo wosungunuka mumtsuko) kapena kukonzekera kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Quince chithandizo cha matenda ndi tizirombo
nthata
Kuteteza matenda a quince ndi mankhwala kumachulukitsa chitetezo chake ndikuteteza ku tizirombo.
Kuwononga tizilombo nthawi yozizira pakhungwa ndi nthaka, amagwiritsa ntchito kukonzekera No. 30, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa patatha masamba tulo. Mitengo yamitengo ya mitengoyo ndi laimu.
Asanakhale ndi kutulutsa maluwa, mitundu iwiri yothandizira kupewa ikuchitika:
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Abiga Peak kapena 1% Bordeaux kusakaniza kuchokera ku matenda a mafangasi;
- mu Meyi, ndi masamba - adalemba Horus kuchokera ku bowa ndi Kemifos kuchokera masamba a masamba.
Pambuyo maluwa, quince amathandizidwa limodzi ndi IntaVir ndi Strobi kukonzekera motsutsana ndi codling njenjete ndi bowa.
Mu Juni, Lepidocide ndi Skor amasefera.
M'mwezi wa Julayi, quince amathandizira matenda oyamba ndi fungus komanso chizolowezi chotsatira cha Strobi ndi Kemifos.
Kupitilira kwinaku kuyimitsidwa kwa nthawi yakucha kwa quince. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kukonzanso mochedwa mitundu ya quince Kemifos.
Pakupsa zipatso, amakhala pachiwopsezo chopenyerera, chomwe chimayambitsa zipatso kuwonongeka msanga. Sikovuta kupirira nayo - muyenera kuthira chisoti cha mtengo ndi mankhwala otsatirawa:
- boric acid yankho - 2 magalamu pa madzi okwanira 1 litre;
- zinc sulfate solution - 2 magalamu pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Zambiri za kukula kwa quince m'magawo osiyanasiyana
Pakati pa Russia, mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu imatha kubzala. Zitha kupangidwa zonse ngati mtengo, komanso mtengo wamtali pafupifupi mamita awiri.
Ku Siberia, quince imayamba kutentha pamwamba pa chipale chofewa. Mutha kumangokhala madera ozungulira mpaka mita imodzi - Mauleia genomeles. Muyenera kuwabzala komwe kuli chisanu chambiri m'dzinja ndipo nthawi zonse kumakhala dzuwa. Kwa nthawi yozizira imakulungidwa ndi zofunda komanso zotchinga zokulira pamwamba. Ndikwabwino kuphatikiza zipatso chisanazizidwe, zimakhala zowonjezera komanso zopanda acid.
Kumpoto kwa Ukraine, quince nthawi zambiri imamera ndi chitsamba kuchokera pambewu. Mbande zimalekerera chisanu bwino kuposa mbewuzo.
Mitundu yayikulu ndi mitundu ya quince
- Quince wamba. Imakula monga chitsamba kapena mtengo wamitengo 2-3 kutalika. Izi zosiyanasiyana zimasiyanitsidwa ndi apfupi petioles masamba, limamasuwa m'ma Meyi, zipatso zipsa mu Okutobala. Pokana chisanu ndi chilala.
Zofala
- Golide - wotopetsa wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu zolemera mpaka magalamu 400 mawonekedwe a apulo, wakucha kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Patulani 60 makilogalamu kuthengo.
Wagolide
- Kuban ndimtunda wocheperako wokhala ndi zipatso zazing'onoting'ono, mawonekedwe a chipatsocho ndi ozungulira-cylindrical, kucha ndi masabata 1-2 a Okutobala. Zipatso zokhala ndi zipatso zamkaka zotsekemera.
Kuban
- Muscat ndi mtundu wapakatikati wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu zomwe zimakhala zowonda kumakhala ozungulira, wozungulira wozungulira, wozungulira, wouma. Kukula kwa zipatso - kumapeto kwa Seputembala - kuyambira Okutobala, kupereka 30-45 kg kuchokera ku mtengo.
Nutmeg
- Yokolola Kuban - kakulidwe kakang'ono kwambiri ndi zipatso zazikulu zolemera mpaka 500 g. Tizinyama tothathamira, timatha kudya taphikidwe. Kucha mu Okutobala, kumapereka kukolola kuchokera ku mtengo mpaka 100 kg. Zosakhazikika nthawi yachisanu komanso zosagwirizana ndi chilala, sizitenga matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Kututa Kuban
- Maphala - ofooka, otsika quince ndi okoma, zipatso yowutsa mudyo kwambiri a sing'anga. Zokolola mumtengo zimafika 50 kg.
Zambiri
- Ndimu - yozizira-yolimba ndi quince yosagwira chilala, imacha kumapeto kwa September. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zazikulu zooneka ngati peyala zokutira ndi zopindika. Guwa ndi labwino kwambiri komanso lonunkhira, lingagwiritsidwe ntchito munjira yaiwisi, koma imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso.
Ndimu
- Volgograd-wokhala wofewa ndi mtundu wozizira-wolimba komanso wosagwirizana ndi chilala. Mtengowo uli ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba wokhala ndi korona wozungulira. Kucha mu Seputembala, chaka chilichonse. Chipatso chowoneka ngati ngale, chokoma komanso chokoma ndi fungo lamphamvu. Zipatsozi ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobiriwira komanso kukonza. Alumali moyo wa zipatso - mpaka mwezi.
Volgograd-wokhala ndi zipatso
Madera Ochepera
Wophatikiza Quince Pink Lady ndi shrub wotsika, wamtunda komanso wamantha. Crohn ndi yotakata. Chomera chokongoletsera chomwe chili ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri a pinki akuluakulu mu kasupe ndi zipatso zowala zachikasu pakugwa.
Kubzala pakati pa mitengo yobiriwira ndi yoyala bwino kumalimbikitsa bwino kukongola kwake.
quince pink lady
Wopanga Wopanga Wopanga & Wagolide - shrub mpaka mita 1 kutalika ndi maluwa okongola ofiira akuda a kukula kwakukulu ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira.
Zipatso ndizing'onozing'ono, zozungulira, zolemera 40-80 magalamu okhala ndi zamkati zoonda, zamkati.
Sinthani kukana chisanu. Mu ozizira kwambiri, nsonga za mphukira zomwe zimakhala pamwamba pa chipale chofewa zimatha kuzizira.
Chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malire ndi zokongoletsera zina.
Quince Crimson & Gold Bush
Zipatso za quince izi ndi zachikasu mawonekedwe ndi onunkhira.
Quince Kapezi & Zipatso za Golide
Quince mitundu yamagawo osiyanasiyana
Dera la Moscow. M'derali, obereketsa amalimbikitsa mitundu iyi:
- Nutmeg;
- Nikitskaya;
- Kumpoto;
- Teplovskaya.
Zomera zonsezi sizigwirizana ndi chisanu komanso kutentha kwambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira posankha chomera. Mwa awa, mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri ndi Nikitskaya, wodziwika kwambiri nyengo ndi Kumpoto. Muscat quince amadzilimbitsa ndipo amapewa kukana kuzizira. Zipatso za Teplovskaya quince zipse mochedwa, koma zimasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Ukraine Kumagawo akumwera kwa dzikolo kulima mitundu yopangidwa ndi obereketsa ku Nikitsky Botanical Garden:
- Wophunzira wabwino kwambiri;
- Selena
- Dziko;
- Kupambana
- Zonunkhira za Crimean.
Kwa zigawo zakumpoto za Ukraine, mitundu yomwe imapangidwa mu National Botanical Garden imagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Maria
- Shaydarova woboola pakati;
- Darunok Onuku;
- Zamaphunziro;
- No. 18 Kashchenko.
Dera la Rostov. Mitundu ya Mir ndiyotchuka pano, yomwe siyimawuma konse, ndi mitundu ina yodzilimbitsa yosagwira chisanu:
- Zakudya
- Zochulukirapo;
- Wachifwamba;
- Mwana woyamba kubadwa;
- Wachibale;
- Stepnyachka;
- Kukongola kwa steppe;
- Kupambana.
Dera la Volgograd. Kudera la Volgograd, mitundu ya quince imakula.
- Volgograd-zipatso;
- Kununkhira kwa Crimean - mitundu yazodzala;
- Wabwino kwambiri, ali ndi moyo wautali;
- Kuchulukitsa, osayang'anitsidwa ndi kuwonekera kwa chipatso;
- Pamodzi;
- Krasnoslobodskaya - wodabwitsa, wokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, wowutsa mudyo komanso onunkhira kwambiri;
- Teplovskaya - sing'anga-kakang'ono, wokhala ndi zipatso zofanana ndi maapulo. Guwa ndi lakuthwa, lonunkhira, lili ndi maselo okhala ndi miyala pafupi ndi pakati. Zipatso zimatha kusungidwa kwa miyezi inayi;
- Kaunchi-10;
- Ilmennaya;
- Rumo;
- Fulumira.
Siberia Ku Siberia, ndizotheka kukula kwa quince achi Japan, kapena maulei genomenes.
Quince waku Japan
Mtundu wa quince wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa nzika za chilimwe. Tchire zake ndizabwino ndipo sizitenga malo ambiri, popeza ndiye chinthu chokongoletsa kwambiri. Maluwa owala amakongoletsa mundawo
Zipatso zazing'ono za ku Japan quince zimakhala ndi wowawasa wowawasa ndipo ndizowuma, chifukwa sizoyenera kudya zosaphika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulawa kwa kupanikizana komanso kupanikizana, zouma chifukwa cha zamankhwala.
Mbande za quince za ku Japan zimagwirizana ndi chilala ndipo zimalekerera chisanu chapakati ku Russia ndi dera la Moscow. Mabasi amatha kudulidwa kuti apatse korona mawonekedwe okongola.
maluwa akuthengo a Japan quince
Chifukwa cha obereketsa obereketsa, pali mitundu yambri wamba ya quince yolimbana ndi chisanu ndi chilala, ndipo ikupitabe kumpoto. Ndipo kukula quince waku Japan, kapena genomeles, ndikothekera m'dera lirilonse tsopano. Kuphatikiza pazodabwitsa zokongoletsa, quince iyi ili ndi zipatso zothandiza. Ndipo ngakhale ali ang'ono komanso pafupifupi osakhazikika mwanjira yawo yatsopano chifukwa cha kuuma, zosowekera kuchokera kwa iwo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma kwawo kosazolowereka ndi fungo, ali ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Magawo a zipatso mu shuga amatha kusungidwa mpaka nthawi yokolola yotsatira.
