Mabulosi akutchire ku Russian wamaluwa akadali chikhalidwe zachilendo. Koma pang'onopang'ono akuyamba kutchuka, chifukwa zipatsozo sizokoma, komanso zothandiza kwambiri. Ndipo pafupi zaka khumi zapitazo, kuphatikiza pa mitundu yokhazikika, palinso zosakanizidwa zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi kuti mutenge mbewu ziwiri panthawi imodzi. Pali mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu yomwe imatha kupulumuka nyengo yapakati pa Russia ndikubereka zipatso motere.
Kodi mabulosi akutchire amasiyana bwanji ndi wamba
Kukonza mabulosi akutchire ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri za obereketsa. Chifukwa chake, sichimadziwika pang'ono, ngakhale kunyumba. Mitundu yoyamba idawonekera mkatikati mwa zaka khumi zokha za XXI. Akuyamba kutchuka, kuphatikiza pakati pa olima dimba kuchokera ku Soviet Union wakale.
Mukangoyang'ana koyamba, mabulosi akutchirewo siosiyana ndi mitundu wamba
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kukonzanso mitundu kuchokera pazomwe zimakhazikika ndikuthekera kochokera pamtundu kubweretsa mbewu ziwiri pamnyengo pamalo abwino nyengo ndi nyengo (pakati komanso kumwera kwa Russia, komanso ku Ukraine konse). Yoweyula woyamba wa zipatso umayamba pakati pa Juni, wachiwiri - m'masiku omaliza a September. Ngati mumamatira kuzungulira kwa kukonzanso kwa mabulosi akutchire, zipatso zimachitika mu Ogasiti-Okutobala. Choyamba, zipatsozo zimapsa pa mphukira za chaka chatha (ngati zimasiyidwa), ndiye pazaka.
Mphukira za mabulosi akutchire zikukwaniritsidwa bwino ndi zipatso.
M'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa kukonza mabulosi akutchire mkati mwa Russia. Mitundu yotereyi imayamikiranso chifukwa choti kukonzekera nthawi yozizira ndikophweka. Nthawi zambiri, mphukira zonse zimapangidwa kuti zikhale ngati "stumps" zazifupi. Chifukwa chake, chiopsezo cha kuzizira kwa gawo la mlengalenga chimachepetsedwa. Koma ndi mphukira za mabulosi akutchire wamba omwe ndi malo ovutikirapo kwambiri, omwe samangokhala nyengo yozizira zokha, komanso mbewa, mavu ndi makoswe ena (ngakhale ndi minga).
Nyengo ku Russia sikuchitika mosayembekezereka, ndipo matenthedwe otsika masika sizachilendo. Kukonzanso mabulosi akuda sikungatsimikizidwe kuti kukhudzidwa ndi masika obwerera kumapiri m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia.
Mitundu iyi ilinso ndiubwino wina:
- Zipatso zoyambirira zimayesedwa kale mchaka chodzala mmera pansi, mu Ogasiti. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe nthawi yomwe imatayika pakukula mphukira zatsopano. Mphukira zomwe zimakula nthawi yachilimwe zimatha kudula nthawi yachisanu ndikuphimba mizu ndi zinthu zosakongoletsedwa kapena ndi wandiweyani, masentimita 10-15, wosanjikiza wa mulch. Izi zikachitika, chaka chamawa mbewuyo izidzangokhala mphukira zapachaka. Zipatso zikhala kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti mpaka chisanu.
- Ndi chisamaliro china, mutha kupeza mbewu ziwiri pachaka. Chifukwa chake ngati mukufuna kupeza zokolola zochuluka kuchokera ku tchire, kenako kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mphukira zomwe zakula chilimwe zimayenera kugwada pansi ndikuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu zophimba zoyera, mwachitsanzo, lutrasil kapena spandex. Ndi njira yolimirayi mu June, zipatso za chaka chatha, mphukira zosinthika ziyamba kubala zipatso, ndipo kuchokera theka lachigawo chachilimwe, mphukira za chaka chamawa.
- Kuchepetsa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Tizilombo tambiri, mazira ndi mphutsi, fungal spores nthawi yozizira pansi pa khungwa kapena mu mtengo. Ngati mphukira zidulekera nthawi yachisanu, tizirombo timatayidwa malo ogona, zomwe zimawathandiza kusiya njira zopewera mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala - mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso mankhwala ochokera kwachilengedwe zingakhudze kwambiri phindu la mbewuyo. Koma aliyense amafuna kudya zipatso zachilengedwe.
- Chidwi chakunja. Mtundu uliwonse wokonza mabulosi akutchire pafupifupi nyengo yonseyo limamasula ndi maluwa akuluakulu oyera ngati chipale chofewa ndi fungo labwino, mpaka kufika mamilimita 6,5. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa amangoyima ndi chisanu choyamba. Chitsamba choterocho chimakongoletsa mundawo m'chilimwe chonse ndipo chimakopa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu, chomwe chimathandiza mbewu zina.
- Chitsamba chowongoka. Kusintha mabulosi akuda sikuti "kukwawa" m'mundamo. Mphukira imayendetsedwa molunjika kumtunda. Kutalika kwawo kuli pafupifupi - osaposa 2 m, omwe amathandizira kwambiri kusamalira chitsamba ndi kututa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphatikizika kwa tchire kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mubzale mabulosi akutchire m'matumba akulu, zidebe ndi zina zina zomwe zili zoyenera voliyumu. Ndi nyengo yozizira, imatha kusamutsidwira kumalo otenthetsera kutentha, kupita ku loggia wowongoka kapena poyambira, potalikitsa nthawi yophukira.
Kukonza mabulosi akutchire kumapereka kukolola kwakukulu chaka chodzala
Zachidziwikire, mabulosi akutchire ali ndi zovuta zina:
- Kufunika kuthirira minda nthawi zonse. Kukonza mabulosi akutchire kumavuta kwambiri ngakhale kuyanika kufupikitsa kwa gawo lapansi, ngakhale mizu yake imalowera kwambiri mu dothi kuposa rasipiberi. Mutha kupeza zambiri pokhapokha mutazisamalira mosanyowa. Kuthamangira kwina kwambiri, kusandutsa dimba kukhala chithaphwi, sikulimbikitsidwanso kwambiri.
- Kufunika kwa ntchito yopanga trellis yothandizira. Popeza mabulosi akutchire akukhala ndi zokolola, ndipo mphukira za pachaka ndizochepa thupi, pansi pa zipatsozo nthawi zambiri zimagona pansi, ndipo zipatso zimayipa. Tapestry kupewa izi.
- Kukhalapo kwa ma spikes ambiri akuthwa. Koma, pamapeto pake, magolovu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito posonkhanitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kusankhako sikuyima chilili, ndipo mitundu yoyambirira ya mabulosi akuda omwe sanali kubala aonekera kale.
- Kulephera kulekanitsa zipatso ndi cholandirira. Komabe, ichi ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu wina wa mabulosi akutchire. Koma zipatsozo zimakhazikika pach chitsamba, ngakhale kucha bwino.
Omwe sakhala m'munda wokhazikika amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mulch (udzu, udzu watsopano mwatsopano, utuchi, humus, crat crumb). Zimathandizanso kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka, komanso kusunga nthawi yopewetsa.
Mabasi a mabulosi akutchire akukonzanso thandizo, chifukwa muyenera kupereka malo pasadakhale
Mchitidwe wokulitsa mabulosi akuda mumaluwa aku Russia akadali ochepa, koma mawu oyamba awonekera kale. Chachikulu ndichakuti amodzi mwa mafunde awiri amtundu wa zipatso amatha kuperekedwa m'malo mokomera zokolola zambiri. Zomwezi, nyengo mu pafupifupi dera lonse la Russia (kupatula madera akumwera omwe ali munthaka zapansi) ndizotheka kuti nthawi yophukira zipatsozi sizipsa chifukwa chosowa kutentha ndi dzuwa. Pankhaniyi, simudzakhoza kusangalala ndi mabulosi akuda, koma funde lachiwiri lidzasuntha kumapeto kwa chilimwe chifukwa cha izi.
Ku Russia, madera akumwera okha ndiwo amalola kutola mbewu ziwiri kuchokera ku mabulosi akutchire. Nthawi zina nyengo kuti izi zitheke, ndibwino kubzala chitsamba mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Chifukwa chake, pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, mphukira zonse zakuda ziyenera kudulidwa kuti chaka chamawa zitsimikizidwe kuti zimalandira zokolola zochulukirapo pamiphukira yaying'ono. Kukoma kwa zipatso za m'dzinja sikuli koyipa konse, koma pali chiwopsezo chenicheni kuti chitha kugwa pansi pa chisanu choyambirira.
Momwe mungayeretsere mabulosi akutchire
Monga mbewu zambiri zakumunda, mabulosi akutchire amayamikira kutentha. Kusowa kwake kumakhudza kuchuluka ndi zipatso. Koma ngakhale pakuwunika mwachindunji, chikhalidwe sichimva bwino. Onani malo ake omwe ali mumthunzi wowoneka bwino.
Kusintha mabulosi akutchire ndi thermophilic, koma pakamodzi kowoneka dzuwa kumakhala koyipa
Ndikubzala nthawi imodzi ma tchire angapo, 0,7-0.8 mamita ziyenera kutsalira pakati pawo, ndi pafupifupi kawiri pakati pa mizere. Kutalika kotereku ndikofunikira kuti pakhale trellis. Zothandizira zimayendetsedwa pakati pa tchire, pomwe waya kapena twine wowonda amakokedwa m'mizere ingapo yofanana ndi nthaka kutalika pafupifupi 40 cm, 80 cm ndi 120 cm. Tchire loterolo limawunikidwa bwino ndi dzuwa, ndipo zipatso zake zimayamba kutentha mokwanira ndikucha msanga. Muyenera kusamalira trellis pasadakhale. Ngati mumayendetsa zitsulo pakati pa tchire, ndizosavuta kuwononga mizu.
Mitundu yambiri yokonza mabulosi akuda imadzichiritsa yokha ndipo safuna kupukutira zipatso zochulukirapo, koma mchitidwe umawonetsa kuti kupukutidwa kwa mtanda kumakhudza bwino zipatso ndi kukoma kwa zipatso. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muyambe nthawi yomweyo 2-3 zitsamba zosiyanasiyana.
Malo otsetsereka modekha kotero kuti tchire limatetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira ndi mphepo yakumadzulo ndizoyenera kubzala. Nthawi yabwino yotsika ndikutha kwa Epulo kapena khumi oyamba a Meyi. Dzenje lokhazikika limakonzedwa pafupifupi mwezi umodzi ndendende njira yomwe akufuna. Palibe chifukwa chochitira izi, masentimita 55-60 adzakhala okwanira. Makulidwe awiriwo ayenera kukhala ofanana. Dothi labwino kukonza mabulosi akutchire ndi opepuka, osapatsa thanzi (loamy kapena sandy loam).
Mizu mu mabulosi akuda amapangidwa bwino kuposa ma raspberries, kotero kubowola kwake kuyenera kuzama kwambiri
Chikhalidwe ichi sichimakonda nthaka yamchere. Mabasi nthawi zambiri amadwala tsamba chlorosis. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe asidi asapangidwira musanayambike ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, "acidise" gawo lapansi mothandizidwa ndi sulufule ya colloidal, moss-sphagnum, singano za paini, zatsopano za utuchi za conifers kapena acetic acid. PH yoyenera kwambiri ndi 6.0-6.6.
Pine singano - njira yachilengedwe yomwe imakuthandizani kuti mulibwezere dothi labwino monga asidi
Za feteleza, wakuda mabulosi akutchire amakonda zinthu zachilengedwe, ndiye kuti nyansi yachonde yomwe imachotsedwa mu dzenjelo imasakanikirana ndi ma 25-25 malita a humus kapena kompositi inavunda ndi lita imodzi ya phulusa la nkhuni. Zonsezi zimatsanuliridwa pansi, kuphimba dzenjelo ndi china chosavala madzi.
Phulusa la nkhuni - gwero lachilengedwe la potaziyamu ndi phosphorous m'minda yamtsogolo
Mbande zitha kugulidwa kokha ku malo ogulitsa odalirika kapena m'masitolo apadera. Mukamagula pachisangalalo kapena ndi manja anu palibenso chitsimikizo kuti mupeza ndendende zomwe mukufuna, ndikuti ndi mabulosi akutali. Ndikofunikira kuti mbande ikhale ndi mizu yotsekeka - mbewu zobzalidwa pansi pamodzi ndi mtanda wakale wa dziko lapansi zingathe kulekerera izi "nkhawa". Muyenera kusankha mmera wazaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Imakhala ndi nthambi imodzi kapena zingapo yotalika pafupifupi 0.5 m ndi makulidwe a mamilimita anayi. Kukhalapo kwa impso yokula ndikupanga mizu ya foda (ngati ikuwoneka) ndikofunikira.
Chidwi chachikulu posankha mmera wa mabulosi akutchire chikonzedwe kuti chikhale cholipira ndi mizu yake
Njira yodzala mmera yokha ikuwoneka motere:
- Ngati ndi otseguka, nyowetsani mizu ya mbandeyi kwa maola 20-24 m'madzi kutentha kwa chipinda kapena yankho la biostimulant (Epin, Heteroauxin, potaziyamu humate). Kuthandizanso kuwonjezera pang'ono potaziyamu permanganate (chifukwa cha kupha tizilombo).
- Thirirani madzi pang'ono m'nthaka. Mulole madziwo kuti alowerere.
- Ikani mmera padzulu la nthaka pansi pa dzenjelo. Wongoletsani mizu kuti izitsogozedwa ndikufika kumbali.
- M'magawo ang'onoang'ono, dzazani dzenjelo ndi dothi, nthawi ndi nthawi mukupukuta pang'ono pang'ono kuchokera m'mbali mwa dzenje mpaka pakati. Mizu iyenera kukhala yakuzama masentimita 3-4. Pomaliza, dzenjelo lidzasandutsidwa osaya (2-3 cm). Kusinthaku kumathandiza kupulumutsa madzi pakuthirira.
- Yembekezerani chinyezi kuti chizigwira. Tambalala bwalo lozungulira ndi masentimita 30 mpaka 40 ndi udzu watsopano wodulidwa, peat crumb kapena humus. Fupikitsani mphukira zonse zomwe zikupezeka ndi theka, mpaka 25-30 cm.
- Kwa masiku 7-10, zophimba zofunda zimatha kukokedwa pamtchire kuti ziwapatse mthunzi pang'ono pomwe azolowera malo okhala.
Mutabzala mabulosi akutchire, chinthu chachikulu sikuti kuwaza ndi kuthirira. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono
Zomwe zimayambitsa mabulosi akuda ndi kabichi, kaloti, beets, radishes, zitsamba zokometsera ndi chimanga. Ndiosafunika kubzala komwe Solanaceae (tomato, biringanya, mbatata, tsabola belu) ndi tchire lililonse la mabulosi limakula.
Zofunikira zofunika kwambiri pokhalabe ndi mabulosi akutchire
Mabulosi akutchire amayenera kuonedwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe chovuta kwambiri. Koma mitundu yokonza ili ndi phindu lake lomwe limapangitsa kuti asamavutike kuzisamalira. Izi zimakhudza kudulira komanso kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu.
Popeza imodzi mwamaubwino wokonzanso mabulosi akutchire ndi zipatso zake zambiri, "imakoka" michere m'nthaka. Chifukwa chake, chikhalidwechi chimafuna kudya pafupipafupi. Chapakatikati nthaka itangokwana pang'ono, dothi limasulidwa bwino, ndikuyambitsa humus, manyowa oboola (malita 10-15 pachomera chilichonse) ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni mu mawonekedwe owuma (15-20 g). Chinthu chachikulu ichi chimathandizira kupanga unyinji wobiriwira, koma simuyenera kuchita nawo. Kuchuluka kwake kumachepetsa chitetezo chomera. Pankhaniyi, mabulosi akutchire amatha kudwala imvi. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati mphamvu zonse za chitsamba zipita masamba, zipatso zake sizingokhala.
Carbamide, monga feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa tchire la mabulosi akutchire.
Potaziyamu ndikofunikira kuti zipatso zikhazikike. Feteleza yoyenera imathira pakudula mu mawonekedwe owuma kapena mu njira yothetsera (pa 10 l ya madzi), ndikugwiritsa ntchito 30-35 g pa chomera chilichonse. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mabulosi akutchire aliwonse sakonda chlorine, chifukwa chake potaziyamu mankhwala ena monga ovala pamwamba samasankhidwa.
Ngati manyowa owuma agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch, ndiye kuti mabulosi akutchire samafunanso magawo owonjezera a phosphorous. Kupanda kutero, kamodzi pazaka zitatu, nthawi yomweyo feteleza wokhala ndi potaziyamu, superphosphate yosavuta (40-50 g pachitsamba chilichonse) imayikidwa panthaka. Kapenanso ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni (kapu iliyonse pachaka chimodzi).
Manyowa owuma ndimtundu wachilengedwe wa phosphorous
Komanso, mabulosi akutchire akukonzekera kuchepa kwa magnesium ndi chitsulo. Musaiwale za kudya koyenera. M'nyengo yotentha, nthawi 2-3 mungathe kuthira zitsamba ndi yankho la kalimagnesii, ndi nthaka pansi pawo yankho la sulfate yachitsulo.
Kuthirira kukonza mabulosi akutchire ndi njira yofunika kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kupeza malo apakati apa. Ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo, zipatsozo zimakhala zamadzimadzi komanso zopanda vuto, mizu imavunda, ndipo chifukwa cha kusowa kwake, kukula ndi kutalika kwa chitsamba kumalepheretsa, zipatso sizimakhudzidwa komanso zosaphika.
Kuti dothi lisamere mwachangu, liyenera kuwumbika nthawi iliyonse mutathirira, kudikirira kuti chinyezi chinyowe, ndikupanga wosanjikiza ndi masentimita pafupifupi 5-6. Alimi odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kubzala kangapo pamnyengo pa mtunda wa masentimita 80-100 kuchokera pachitsamba mozungulira kapena pakati pa mizere, mbewu zilizonse za siderat, ndikutchetchera ndikofunikira ndikugwiritsa ntchito ngati mulch. Mwa njira, ndiyothandiza kwambiri, feteleza wachilengedwe kwathunthu.
Thirirani chomera kwambiri, dothi liyenera kunyowa ndi madzi 50-60 cm. Njira yabwino ndikumwaza, kuyerekezera mvula yachilengedwe, kapena kutsirira, komwe kumateteza madzi. Ngati chilimwe sichikutentha kwambiri, kamodzi pa sabata ndikokwanira, kutentha, zopangidwira pakati pa njira zimachepetsedwa kukhala masiku 3-4.
Kukonza mabulosi akutchire kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa chinyezi
Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu kukonzekera mabulosi akutchire ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri. Mphukira zonse zomwe zilipo zimadulidwa pansi kwambiri. Chozungulira chimayeretsedwa namsongole ndi zinyalala zina zam'munda ndikuzaza ndi mulch.
Kudula mabulosi akutchire ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri, chofunikira kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida chakuthwa
Ngati, komabe, adaganizika kuti azisunga mphukira za nyengo ino kwa chaka chamawa, samasulidwa ku trellis, omangidwapo chidutswa komanso amaweramira pansi momwe angathere. Onse omwe zizindikiro zazing'ono zimadziwika, zofanana ndi zovuta za zovuta za tizilombo ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, timadulidwa mpaka kukula ndikuwotchedwa. Kenako chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi chilichonse chomwe chimalola kuti mpweya udutse zigawo zingapo.Chipale chokwanira chikangogwa, amakumba pansi chipale chofewa ngati mita. M'nyengo yozizira, iye adzakhazikika, ndiye kuti kawiri konse mawonekedwewo adzayenera kusinthidwa, ndikuphwanya mawonekedwe a kulowetsedwa kolimba. Zochita zikuwonetsa kuti mabulosi akutchire sawonongedwa kawirikawiri.
Mu nthawi yophukira, mphukira zakuda zimayenera kugwada pansi kwambiri, koma mosamala kuti zisawonongeke
Tsoka ilo, mabulosi aliwonse ali ndi nthawi yayitali. Kutentha kwa firiji, kugona masiku atatu kapena atatu. Pazinthu zoyenera (kutentha 0-2 ºº ndi chinyezi cha mpweya 85-90%) - osapitilira milungu itatu. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kudya zipatso zatsopano, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kumalongeza kwanyumba kapena kudzaza kuphika.
Tsoka ilo, mabulosi aliwonse amasungidwa kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri, masiku 3-4 okha popanda firiji. Koma nthawi iyi ndizokwanira kupanga kupanikizana kuchokera ku zipatso kapena kuphika makeke okoma
Kanema: Malangizo okula ndi kusamalira mabulosi akuda
Momwe mbewu imafalira
Ndikosavuta kufalitsa mabulosi akutchire, kuphatikizapo kukonza, kuposa zitsamba zina zambiri zamabulosi zomwe zimapezeka m'minda yamaluwa. Tchire zatsopano zimamera mosavuta. Chochititsa chidwi, "ana" ngakhale atafesedwa ndi mbewu amalandira mitundu ya kuthengo "kholo".
Kuyika mizu
Kubwezeretsanso magawo - njira yomwe imachotsa kwa wolima munda nthawi yayitali komanso kuchita khama. Kapangidwe ka mabulosi akutchire mwina ndi gawo lililonse la mphukira kapena lonse. Ndi kupangidwaku, nthambi imakonzedwa ndikuyimata pansi ndi waya kapena chidutswa cha waya, ndipo malowa ndi okutidwa ndi dothi lachonde. Ngati amathiriridwa kawirikawiri komanso madzi ambiri, mizu ndi mphukira zatsopano zimawonekera mwachangu. Pofika nthawi yophukira, chitsamba chaching'ono chimatha kupatulidwa kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi ndikuyika ku malo osankhidwa.
Mukafukulidwa ndi zigawo zapamwamba, mumapeza chitsamba chimodzi chokha, koma champhamvu kwambiri ndikukula
Kubwezeretsanso kukonza mabulosi akuda okhala ndi matayala oyang'ana kumayesedwanso. Pakadali pano, mphukira yonseyo imakwanira kukhala poyambira kwambiri (masentimita 5-6) ndipo imakutidwa ndi dothi. Amapereka tchire zingapo, koma mbewu izi sizolimba ndipo zimapangidwa ngati woyamba.
Njira imakuthandizani kuti mupeze mbande zingapo nthawi imodzi, zoyenera kwa iwo omwe amalima zipatso kuti azigulitsa
Kanema: Kukula mabulosi akutchire atsopano kuchokera ku masanjidwe
Kudula
Pofuna kubzala, chitsamba chachikulire chimayenera kukumbidwa bwino ndi mizu. Amayeretsedwa bwino kuchokera pansi ndipo omwe ali pafupifupi theka la mita ndipo ali ndi makulidwe osachepera 0,5 cm amasankhidwa. Muzu uliwonse umaduladulidwa mainchesi 10-15 cm. Ichi ndiye phesi.
Kudula kumayenera kukhala kutalika kwa 10-15 cm ndi osachepera 0,5 cm
Nthawi yabwino yofikira kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena theka loyamba la Seputembala (izi zimatengera nyengo). Koma ngati pali chiopsezo kuti chisanu m'derali chibwera mosayembekezereka, mutha kusamutsa njirayo kumapeto.
Njira yofikira palokha ndi yotere:
- Amakumba ma bowo mpaka masentimita 10-12 ndipo amadzaza ndi humus pafupifupi theka.
- Zidukha zimanyowa kwa maola angapo mu yankho la biostimulator iliyonse yokonzekera malinga ndi malangizo. Iwayikeni mu tankulo lathyathyathya.
- Zomera zobzala zimayikidwa m'mipanda, kuyikidwa moyera. Kenako odulawo amakutidwa ndi dothi lachonde. Dothi limathiriridwa madzi pang'ono komanso modekha.
- Zokolola zoyambirira zitha kuyembekezeka mu nyengo yachiwiri mutabzala zadula pansi.
Komanso, mbali za mphukira zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodula. Amabzalidwe mumbale zodzadza ndi perlite kapena vermiculite, ndipo yokutidwa ndi mitsuko yagalasi, yodulidwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki kapena filimu ya pulasitiki, ndikupanga chinyezi pafupifupi 90-95%. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, mizu, ndi phesi zingabzalidwe m'malo okhazikika.
Zigawo za mphukira zakuda zimazika mizu m'madzi
Kanema: Kudula mabulosi akutchire
Kumera kwa mbeu
Kukonza mabulosi akutchire kuli ndi gawo lapadera. Kwa mbewu zambiri zakumunda, kufalitsa mbewu ndi mtundu wa "lottery". Sizikudziwika bwino zomwe zidzachitike kumapeto kwake, ndipo mwayi wokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu ya amayi ndi wochepa kwambiri. Izi sizikugwira ntchito pokonza mabulosi akuda, komabe, wamaluwa amateur sagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira iyi.
Kufalitsa mabulosi akuda ndi njere ndi njira yowononga nthawi, ndipo kuchita bwino sikotsimikizika (sangadzitame kumera)
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewu sizimasiyana pakumera. Pofuna kuuchulukitsa, akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa amakulangizani kuti muchepetse chipolopolocho ndi tsamba kapena lumo musanabzale (lotchedwa kuchepa). Stratification imachitidwanso - kusungira nthanga kwa masiku 7-10 mufiriji.
Kubzala mtengowo ndi mabulosi motere:
- Mbewu za mabulosi akutchire zikubzala kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena koyambirira kwamasika. Mabokosi ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi tchipisi tating'onoting'ono, mchenga wowuma, kapena osakaniza ena m'malo olingana.
- Gawo laling'ambikalo limasungunuka kuchokera ku mfuti yakuwombera ndikuwongoletsa, mbewu zimayikidwamo osaposa 6-7 cm.
- Mtengo wachiwiri ukangowoneka pa mbande (patatha pafupifupi miyezi 2-2,5), umayilidwa, ndikuuika mu dothi lonse lapansi kuti mbande zikhale mumbale imodzi. Ngati nyengo ilola, mutha kudzala mbewu yomweyo m'mundamo. Kupanda kutero, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, mabulosi akutchire amayenera kusinthidwanso.
Zokolola zoyambirira kuchokera ku zitsamba zakuda za mabulosi zomwe zimachokera ku mbewu zimayenera kudikirira zaka 3-4
Nthawi yokolola amayenera kudikirira zaka zosachepera 3-4. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chinanso chosasangalatsa kwa njira.
Mizu
Chifukwa chake, tchire tating'ono tomwe timafunikira kukonzanso zinthu nthawi zambiri zimafalitsidwa. Pakatakata iwo amakumba, mizu imayeretsedwa kuchokera pansi ndikudula ndi lupeni lakuthwa, loyera m'magawo angapo kuti aliyense athe kukula. Amadulidwa ndikuwazidwa ndi phulusa lamatabwa, sulufule wachikumbutso, choko chophwanyika ndikuyika kaboni. Zotsatira zotsalira za nthambizo zitha kutayidwa.
Kufalitsa mabulosi akutchire mwakugawa chitsamba ndikoyenera kwambiri pazomera zakale
Kukonzanso mitundu ya mabulosi akutchire ku Ukraine
Nyengo ya ku Ukraine, makamaka madera ake akumwera, ndi yofatsa. Imafanana kwambiri ndi momwe mzinda wa Arkansas - komwe amabadwira mitundu yambiri ya mabulosi akuda. Chifukwa chake, olimi a ku Ukraine atha kudalilika pofotokoza za chikhalidwe ndi zomwe zimawonetsa akadzakula.
Ufulu wa Prime Ark
Gawo loyamba la mabulosi akutali, opanda minga, okhala ndi mphukira zosalala bwino. Adawonekera mu kugulitsa kwaulere mu 2013, adafika pa post-Soviet space patatha pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka. Monga mitundu yonse ya Prime Prime (ndiye wachinayi mmenemu), wochokera ku United States. Kumaiko akumwera (makamaka ku Arkansas ndi California), idayamba kubzala pamalonda pompopompo, chifukwa zipatso zazipatso zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mayendedwe abwino, ndipo zipatso zinayamba kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala.
Prime Arc Ufulu - sitiroberi yoyambirira yopanda sitima
Mukamakula zipatso pachaka mphukira, mbewu zimacha mwachangu, kumapeto kwa Julayi kapena koyambirira masiku khumi a Ogasiti. Zipatsozo zimakhala zofanana, zokhazikika, zamtundu wonyezimira, zimalemera 12-16 g ndi kutalika kwa 4-4.5 cm.Ngati pali mafunde awiri opanga zipatso, zipatsozo zimachepetsedwa mpaka 9-10 g. Kukoma kwa mabulosi akutchire ndi kosangalatsa komanso kosavuta - okoma, pang'ono wowawasa. Zochulukitsa ndizokwera - mpaka 50 zipatso zamtundu uliwonse wa maluwa (6-8 makilogalamu ku chitsamba).
Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, Prime Arc Ufulu samakonda kukhala ndi matenda, koma zolakwitsa zina za m'munda zimatha kupangitsa kukhazikika kwa anthracnose. Chovuta china ndikuchepa kwazizira kochepa (mpaka -15 º)). Mukatikati mwa Russia, izi sizipulumuka (pokhapokha mutakulitsa malo obiriwira), koma ndizoyenera kutentha kwanyengo cha kumwera kwa Ukraine. Komanso, zomwe zimakhala zachilendo kwambiri kwa mabulosi akutchire, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yachilengedwe.
Kanema: Maonekedwe a Blackberry Prime Arc Ufulu
Woyendetsa Woyendetsa Wapamwamba
Gawo lachisanu (ndi lachiwiri losaphunzitsidwa) la mndandanda womwewo ndi chitukuko china cha Unduna wa zaulimi wa Arkansas. Imasungidwa mu 2016. Unabzilidwa makamaka kuti ulimidwe pamafakitale, koma palibe amene amaletsa kubzala m'munda wamalonda.
Blackberry Prime Arc Treveler ndi mtundu wodalirika kwambiri wokula pamalonda
Amasiyana kukula kwake (7 g) komanso maonekedwe okongola a zipatso zazitali. Palibe zipatso "mapasa". Kukucha chakhumi chachiwiri cha Julayi. Kukomerako ndikokoma kwambiri, zipatso ndi zonenepa, koma yowutsa mudyo, kufalitsa fungo labwino. Kuyendetsa bwino, kuphatikiza pamtunda wautali, kusunga kukoma ndi mawonekedwe pambuyo pang'onopang'ono. Kututa - 3-4 makilogalamu ku chitsamba.
Mtengowo ndi wolimba, suvutika ndi anthracnose ndi dzimbiri. Maluwa amakhala odziwika bwino chifukwa cha kukana chisanu, koma izi sizikugwirizana ndi mphukira. Makhalidwe a zipatso m'nthawi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri mafunde a fruiting sasintha, koma zipatso za m'dzinja zimakonda kutentha ndi chilala. Ngati matenthedwe ali 30 ºº komanso kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali, tchire silitulutsa mwachangu, zipatsozo zimakulirakulira, zipatso zawo zimakulirakulira.
Kanema: zonse za Blackberry Prime Arc Travellerler
Thawi
Mtundu wakuda ndi wochokera ku United States, makamaka kuchokera ku Maryland. Yobadwa mokwanira, yokhala mchaka cha 1966, yopanda mtundu sizikhala zomveka m'mawu athunthu, koma nyengo yabwino imatha kubala mbewu ziwiri pachaka.
Blackberry Thornfrey - mitundu yakale yomwe sinatherebe kutchuka, m'malo abwino, imatha kubereka zipatso kawiri pachaka
Zosiyanasiyana zikadali za muyezo wa kukoma. Zipatso zolemera 5 g, zokutira mbali imodzi, zowumbika. Pomwe zipsa, zimakhala ngati zakuda kuchokera ku zambara, ndipo mnofu umataya kachulukidwe kwambiri. Kulawa kwamawonekedwe ndi kununkhira kwa chipatso kumakhala kokha kucha kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, ndizovuta kuti wolima maluwa wa novice amvetsetse nthawi yoyambira zipatso.
Masamba osapsa a Tornfree osiyanasiyana ndi acic komanso osanunkhira bwino, ndipo omwe amapezeka kuti ndi osapsa komanso osapsa.
Kubzala kwakukulu kwamera pakati pa Ogasiti. Ndiwambiri - 20-25 makilogalamu ku chitsamba (pafupifupi zipatso 100 kuchokera pa mphukira). Nthambi zolemedwa ndi zipatsozo zimapendekera pafupifupi pansi. Ngati nyengo ili yoyenera, zipatso zachiwiri ndizotheka kwinakwake khumi eyiti. Hardiness yozizira pamlingo wa -16-18 ºº.
Thornfrey wakuda samakhala ndi matenda, koma amasamala kutentha, ngakhale kutentha kwa dzuwa ndizotheka. Kubwezera kwakukulu kwa zinthu zamtunduwu kumakulitsidwa (mphukira amafikira kutalika kwa 3-3.5 m). Chitsamba chamaluwa chimakhala chokongola kwambiri - maluwa ndi otuwa pinki, ndi awiri a masentimita 3-4.
Amara
Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri yakukonza mabulosi akuda yomwe idapangidwa ku United States, Amara ndi kwawo ku Chile. Ili ndi kukula kwakukulu (mpaka 15 g) ndi zipatso zabwino, popanda zipatso zowawa zambiri za mitundu yayikulu. Ubwino wina wosakayikira ndi kusapezeka kwa ma spikes. Kuguba kokwanira kumapangitsa zipatso kuti ziziyenda.
Mitundu yatsopano ya mabulosi amar siinapangidwe ku US, koma ku Chile
Zipatso zimacha nthawi yayitali. Miyezi 2,5 imadutsa kuchoka kukolola kukolola. Mtundu wakuda ukucha kuzungulira kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Pamene tchire limakula, zipatso za zipatso ndi zipatso sizimawonongeka.
Matsenga Wakuda (aka Black Matsenga), aka Black Matsenga
Imodzi mw mitundu yabwino kwambiri yokonza mabulosi akuda. Yodziwika mu 2001 ku University of Oregon. Spikes ilipo, koma yaying'ono kwambiri ndipo pokhapokha pamunsi pa mphukira. Kutentha ndi chilala sizingakhudze mapangidwe a mazira azipatso. Mphukira imafikira kutalika kwa 2.5 m kapena kuposa, chifukwa chake, thandizo limafunikira pamtunduwu. Thumba losunga mazira ndi lamphamvu kwambiri, kotero kuti zomwe zimatsalira nthawi yachisanu ndizovuta kuti zigwere pansi. Limamasula pamaso pa mitundu yambiri - kale kumapeto kwa Epulo. Kukanani ndi dzimbiri, koma nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi anthracnose. Kutsutsana ndi chisanu - pamlingo wa -12-15 ºº.
Kukoma kwa matsenga amtundu wakuda kumachitika kwambiri ngakhale ndi akatswiri
Zokolola zoyambirira zimakololedwa pakati pa Juni, chachiwiri - pafupi kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. Zipatsozo ndizazikulu (11-12 g), inki-wofiirira mu utoto. Kununkhirako ndikokoma, koma popanda shuga, kokhala bwino kwambiri, zamkati ndi wandiweyani, wonunkhira. Mwa akatswiri odziwa ntchito, makonda a mkaka wa Black Magic adavoteledwa kwambiri - ndi 4.6 mfundo mwa zisanu. Mawonekedwe ake ndi olondola, amafanana ndi chopendekera chamtondo. Mabulosi akutchire amakomera mayendedwe.
Nthawi ya zipatso ikamakula zipatso pokha mphukira zimatha kwa masiku 45-50. Ikayamba kuzizira kunja, zipatso zimayamba kuwira pang'ono (pafupifupi ngati nkhungu), koma sizipangitsa kuti izi zizisangalatsa. Zokolola zapakati pamtunda uliwonse ndi 5-6 kg pachitsamba chilichonse.
Vidiyo: Matsenga Achikuda
Kukonzanso mitundu ya mabulosi akuda m'matawuni
Nyengo kudera la Moscow, komanso kumadera ambiri aku Europe ku Russia, ndizosadabwitsa. Masamba amatha kukhala otentha kwambiri komanso ozizira. Chifukwa chake, posankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokonza mabulosi akuda m'derali, ndikofunikira kulabadira kukana chisanu.
Ruben (Rubeni)
Muli ndi dzina polemekeza wopanga wake, pulofesa wa ku Yunivesite ya Arkansas, a John Ruben Clark. Ndiwewe wobala yemwe ali ndi zambiri zomwe zakwaniritsidwa pantchito yopanga kusamalira mabulosi akuda. Ruben ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, ngakhale kuti idangopangidwa mchaka cha 2012 chokha. Kucha zipatso koyambirira kumakupatsani mwayi woti mupangitse mbewu osati kudziko lokha, komanso kumadera komwe kumatentha.
Ruben ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yokonza mabulosi akuda, osati kunyumba (ku USA), komanso kupitirira malire ake.
Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mabulosi kumakhala pafupifupi 10 g, toyesa amodzi amafika pa 15-16 g.Chitsamba chimodzi chimabweretsa zipatso za 5-6 kg. Woyamba mabulosi akutchire mkati mwa Ogasiti, zipatso zimatha pafupifupi chisanu choyamba. Zipatsozi zimayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo ndi kununkhira kwake; matupi awo ndi owonda koma amakhathamira.
Werengani zambiri zamitundu mitundu ya nkhani yathu: Ruben ndiye mabulosi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Akuwombera pafupi ndi chitsamba ndi ang'ono-kakulidwe, owongoka, amatha kubzala popanda thandizo. Pali malo okhala, koma ndi ochepa komanso osapezeka kwambiri. Chomera sichitha kutchedwa kuti yaying'ono, koma ndichopanda bwino.
Chitsamba cha Rubeni wakuda ndikosavuta kuzindikira ndi mawonekedwe - zipatso zonse zitachotsedwa, minga imagwa.
Kalasi ya Ruben ndi zophophonya sizina. Choyambirira, awa ndi mavuto opukutira mungu obwera chifukwa chotentha. Chipatso chachiwiri, chomwe sichikhala ndi nthawi yakucha chisanu choyamba, chimakhudzidwa makamaka. Pazifukwa zina, ma aphid awonetsa chidwi ndi mabulosi akutchire, ngakhale samakhala ndi matenda.
Prime Jim
Imodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira yokonza mabulosi akuda, idayambitsidwa mu 2004. Anatchulidwa pambuyo pa Dr. James Moore, woyambitsa pulogalamu ya kubzala ya University of Arkansas.
Blackberry Prime Jim amayamikira kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso kukoma kwake koyenera
Ili ndi kukula kwakukulu (12-15 g) komanso kukoma kwa wowawasa wowawasa wa zipatso (chidwi chosangalatsa chokhala ndi fungo la mabulosi ndi khalidwe). Professional tasters, adavotera pa 4.5 mfundo pa zisanu. Mphukira zolimba. Chapakatikati, tchire, lomwe limakutidwa ndi masamba ofiira a pinki ndi maluwa akulu oyera-oyera chipale, ndilofanana kwambiri ndi maluwa.
Zipatso zimacha kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zoyambirira za Ogasiti. Kutola kwawo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndi ma spikes angapo owala. Maonekedwe a zipatsozo amapendekera pang'ono, zamkati ndi wandiweyani.
Prime Jan
Oyambirira mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokonza mabulosi akuda. Adatchulidwa dzina la mkazi wa Dr. Moore, Janita. Mphukira imafikira kutalika kwa 2 m kapena kupitilira, motero amafunika kuthandizidwa. Chimodzi mwamaubwino amasiyanidwe ake osiyanasiyana ndi kuzizira kozizira. Prime Yang amakhala komweko mitundu ina ya mabulosi akuda sangakhalepo.
Prime Yan ndiyotentha kwambiri pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yokonza mabulosi akuda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizoyenererana ndi nyengo ya Russia
Zipatso zimakhala ndi chidwi chokoma: kwa ena amafanana ndi yamatcheri, ndipo ena - apulo. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa chipatso ndi 7-9 Gowe woyamba wa mbewu kugwa pakati pa Juni, wachiwiri kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Prime Ark 45
Mitunduyo idasankhidwa ku USA mu 2009. Amadziwika ndi chilala komanso chisanu chokana, amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira chamatenda. Mphukira zamphamvu, zokutidwa ndi ma spikes amodzi pansipa. Sangasokoneze kukolola. Nthawi yamaluwa, chitsamba ndi chokongola kwambiri, maluwa amakhala ngati "fluffy".
Blackberry Prime Arc 45 kwenikweni samadwala matenda, kusiyapo kokha ndi Anthracnose
Zipatso zoyambirira zipsa kumapeto kwa June, mbewu yachiwiri kumayambiriro kwa September. Ngati mukukula zipatso pachaka mphukira, zipatso zimayamba mu Ogasiti ndipo zimayandikira pafupifupi chisanu.
Zipatso zake ndimtambo wakuda, wamtali, wokhala ndi zamkati. Fungo lake limanenedwa, kwinakwake ngati chitumbuwa. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi 8-10 g.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Mabulosi akutchire ndibwino kukonzanso. Zovuta zazing'ono (popanda matenda, popanda tizirombo). Ndili ndi mitundu ya Ruben. Anamuika iye mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kupanda kutero, mbewu zambiri sizikhala ndi nthawi yakucha. Tchire ndi lamphamvu. Maluwa ndiakulu. Kupanga - ngati tchire tambiri tambiri. Ndidatenga zipatso zomaliza mu 20 Okutobala. Samapereka mphukira. Pali mavuto ndi kubereka. Pesi ndi lambiri, limakhota moyipa. Ndikufuna kupachika miphika yapadziko lapansi chaka chino ndikumatirira mbali zake. Lolani kuti zizike mizu.
Manzovka//www.plodpitomnik.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=212
Zipatso za Black Yang Prime Yang zimakoma, ndipo ndimalemba ake. Mphukira zidasunthika bwino. Prime Arc 45 idawoneka ngati yosangalatsa m'kukolola koyamba. Chaka chino chikhala cholondola kwambiri. Koma nyengo yachisanu ya mphukira zake ndiyoyipa kwambiri.
Elvir//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1863
Malinga ndi zomwe amalemba, Prime Ark 45 ndiye yabwino kwambiri: zokolola zambiri kuposa mitundu ya Prime Jim ndi Prime Yan. Zambiri za shuga ndizapamwamba, koma pamtunda wopitilira 29 ºº chipatso sichimamanga bwino.
Andrii//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3776
Tinabzala zitsamba za mabulosi akutchire Prime Arc 45 ndi mizu yotsekedwa koyambirira kwa June 2013. Pakutha kwa chaka cha 2014, tinali ndi tchire lopanga zipatso (zingapo zakukonzanso m'malo mwa 2014 zinafika pamtunda wa 1.8 m ndipo zinali zodzaza zipatso). Pa mphukira imodzi, chiwerengero cha zipatso zinali zana. Zipatsozo ndi zokulirapo ngati za mitundu ya Natchez, zotsekemera, koma tchire sizitambasulira nyengo yakucha. Mukugwa, kutentha sikokwanira, ndipo ukalamba umachedwa. Pafupifupi 10% ya mbewu yacha. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa, koma kuti tikwaniritse kubwereranso kwathunthu, tifunika kudziunjikira kutentha (mwina pangani njira yopangira filimuyo nthawi yophukira, kapena kuti msewuwu uyenera kukhala nthawi yonse yolima - kutengera kuti mabulosi akufunika nthawi yayitali bwanji). Choipa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi pricklyness. Mwambiri, kukonza mitundu si nkhani yosalankhula. Mwachisawawa, Prime Arc Ufulu wopanda mvula umakhwima kale. Tsopano tili ndi chitsamba chophukacho (chifukwa chobala zipatso chaka chamawa). Ngati zomwe tikuyembekezerazo zakwaniritsidwa, ndiye kuti izi zikhale zosinthika mu ukadaulo wa kukula kwa mabulosi akuda.
Yakimov//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=5043
Sindinathe kukana, ndinayesera mabulosi oyambira osakwanira a Black Magic: okoma kuposa wowawasa, yaying'ono, osawoneka kuwawa, mabulosi ndiovuta, wandiweyani, ndi okwera. Mwambiri, ndimakonda, ndiyenera kuswana. Komanso, pollination ndi 100%, nthambi imasungidwa pang'ono, siyamagona pansi, kutalika kwa mphukira kwinakwake kuzungulira 1.5 m.
Valentine 55//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=8779
Ndine wokondwa kuti mchaka cha 2014 ndinabzala baka zingapo zingapo zamtundu wakuda wa Black Magic. Mu kugwa ndidzakulitsa ikamatera. Ndimakonda zonse zomwe zili mmenemo: pafupifupi 100% ovary ya zipatso kwambiri kutentha, mphamvu ya kukula, pafupifupi malo ozungulira tchire, titero kunena kwake. Ndipo palibe minga m'dera lopatsa zipatso. Ndipo koposa zonse, zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zonenepa komanso zokoma kwambiri. Ndili ndi kulemera kwapakati pa 10-11 g.
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=8779
Nditha kulimbikitsa mmalo abwino kwambiri wa Ruben - kukonzanso kwa Blackberry Black Magic (Black Magic) kutalika kambiri kuposa Ruben.
Sergey1//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1352&start=330
Kukonza mabulosi akutchire - chikhalidwe chatsopano ku Russia, koma molimba mtima kupeza kutchuka. Amayamikiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zochulukirapo, kutalika kwa zipatso, kusakhalapo kwa kufunika kosokoneza mozungulira kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu ndi kuphweka kwakukulu kwa kayendetsedwe kake. Mchitidwe wokulitsa m'maluwa aku Russia mulibe kwambiri. Komabe, mitundu yambiri ndiyabwino kwambiri, kuphatikiza paulimi ku Russia.
