Ikafika nthawi yoti ayambe kudutsa njira, nthawi zambiri m'malo okhala m'mizinda amagwiritsa ntchito zopota. Ndiwokongola kwambiri kuposa konkriti kapena phula, ndipo sikhala wopanda mphamvu kwa iwo. Njira yosavuta ndiyokulemba ganyu amisiri omwe ali ndiukadaulo wamakono, koma ngati palibe njira yolipira pafupifupi 10 cu pa lalikulu, ndiye kuti mutha kuyeserera nthawi ya tchuthi ngati skid ndikuyika nokha. Chofunikira ndikuwunika ukadaulo, womwe suvuta kwambiri, pezani zida zofunikira ndikusankha pa "pilo" momwe mungayikirire. Itha kupangidwa kuchokera ku msanganizo wamchenga-simenti, miyala ndi simenti. Ganizirani pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma slabs opaka azikhazikitsidwa pa konkriti ndi zomwe zimayenera kukumbukiridwa pakukhazikitsa ndi kugwira ntchito.
Pansi pa konkriti ndimathiridwa ndipo ndimakola pansi pomwe malo oikapo miyala amaikapo. Njirayi imapereka mphamvu yayitali kwambiri kuposa chipala samiyala yamchenga, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe zida zazikulu kapena magalimoto ambiri amakakamiza matayala. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikosavuta kuyanjanitsa matailosi onse pansi pa gawo limodzi ngati pansi siosakaniza, koma maziko olimba. Sizingadzichepetse pa nthawi yolimba, sipadzakhala zolephera komanso mavuto ena okhudzana ndi kuwonongeka koyipa. Chifukwa chake, eni eni omwe alibe luso lomanga, koma omwe asankha kudzipangira okha, mwanjira iyi, kuyika kudzapepuka mawonekedwe a polojekitiyo mu ndege imodzi.
Pansi pa konkreti yopaka pamalopo kumathandizira kuti nyumbayo ikhale yolimba, koma ndizovuta kuipanga kuposa kuyika matayala osakanikirana ndi mchenga
Ndipo komabe, kuyika matayala konkriti kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mobera, chifukwa umisiriwu umakhala ndi mfundo zake zokhudzana ndi kuchotsa chinyezi pamwamba pa matayala. Munjira yamchenga yamchenga, mpweya umachoka pakadutsa kamene sikulowetsa pansi ndipo sizikuvulaza kuphatikizako. Ngati konkriti imathiridwa, ndiye kuti madzi omwe amapita pansi pamiyalayo sangathe kulowa mwakuya, chifukwa m'munsi mwa monolithic simangodutsamo. Zotsatira zake, zimakhazikika pakati pa maziko ndi matayala, m'misewu yolumikizana, ndipo pomwe zigawo zikagunda, zimayamba kukulira, ndikukhomera kuwongolera. Zotsatira zake, miyala yopaka miyala ikhoza kutupa m'malo ena, igawika m'mphepete, etc.
Chifukwa chake, mukatsanulira maziko a konkriti, chidwi chapadera chimaperekedwa pakuchotsa madzi: pangani olamulira, onjezani olandirira chinyezi, ikani miyala ndikotsetsereka panjira ina, ndi zina.
Ngati zonse zakonzedwa molondola, ndiye kuti nyimbo zomwe zapangidwazo zimakhala zolimba kwambiri kuposa pilo ya simenti yamchenga. Mutha kuyala zikhazikitso zovuta kwambiri ndikutanthauzira koyenera kwamtunda.
Kukonzekera kwa tsamba kumanga
Gawo loyamba ndikugwetsa tsamba lomwe lidzapendeke: amayendetsa m'm zikhomo ndikuyika zodziwika zofiira. Ndi mawu awa, omanga amapanga ulusi wolimba kwambiri womwe umafotokoza malire amtsogolo kutalika kwa tsamba lanu. Amatenga mapasa wamba, amadzimangira ndi zikhomo pamtunda pomwe matayawo amatha. Musaiwale kupanga ulusi wokhotakhota pamadigiri 5 kupita kumalo komwe madzi azidzalowa mtsogolo.
Ngakhale atayala njira zopapatiza, zilembo zofiira zimakhazikikabe kuti zipite kumalire, malo oyerako komanso ngodya yoyenera yamadzi
Chotsatira, yang'anani masentimita angati omasuka kuchokera ku ulusi kupita pansi. Ngati zosakwana makumi atatu - chotsani zonse zosafunikira ndi fosholo ndikuzichotsa pa wilibala, kuti zisasokoneze. Nthaka yachonde imathiridwa mwachindunji m'mundamo kapena m'malo omwe mabedi amaluwa amakonzekera.
Mphepete mwa “mbiya” yomalizidwa iyenera kulimbikitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi malire. Ambuye ena amaika ma curbs atathira konkriti, koma pankhaniyi ndizofunikira kuteteza m'mphepete mwa malowo kuti isakokoloke ndi nthaka, i.e. kuyika mawonekedwe. Chifukwa chake, kwa omanga mabulogi osadziwa, njira yoyamba ndiyabwino.
Mukakhazikitsa ma curbs mwachangu, ndiye kuti simuyenera kuwononga nthawi yopanga mawonekedwewo, kenako ndikuwononga, ndipo konkriti imasefukira pamalowa popanda ming'alu
Ngati malire agwiritsidwa ntchito, kutalika kwake ndi 50 cm, ndiye:
- kukumba ngalande yina 30 cm;
- kugona tulo ndi wosanjikiza mwala wosemedwa (pafupifupi 10 cm);
- ikani matope a simenti (osachepera 1.5 cm);
- wopindika umayikidwapo kotero kuti m'mphepete mwa pambuyo pake ndi 2-3 masentimita kuposa m'mphepete mwa mapalo. Izi ndizofunikira kuti choletsa chisasungire madzi pamalowa, koma amathandizira kuti awonongeke.
Pamunsi pokhotakhota, kuya kwa ngalande kumachepetsedwa.
Kutalika kwa mseuwo kuyenera kukhala kotsika poyerekeza ndi pamwamba pa mapilowo, kupereka mpweya wabwino kuchokera pamalowa komanso kupewa chinyezi kuti zisasunthike
Njira yaukadaulo yotsanulira konkriti
Tsiku limodzi pambuyo poti ma curbs akhazikitsa, kutsanulira konkriti kumatha kuyamba. Ngati mukupanga nsanja yomwe zida zimakwera, makamaka zazikulu, konkritiyo iyenera kulimbikitsidwa. Kuti izi zitheke, (zosapitirira 12 dothi) ndizoyenera, zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi mauna kukula kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Ngati mayendedwe ali okhaokha oyenda, ndiye kuti sikofunikira kuti muperekenso mphamvu.
Ndikofunika kuthira konkriti pamchenga, womwe ungakhale madzi owonjezera kutulutsa chinyontho ndikuwuloleza kulowa pansi mwachangu
Pofuna chinyezi chomwe chadutsa pamalowo kupendekera konkire kuti ibwerere mopitilira, m'malo mongoyima mkati, pangani mabowo otulutsira madzi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chitoliro cha asbesto, kudula pakati, kutalika kwa 15-20 masentimita (kutalika kuyenera kugwirizana ndi kutalika kwa simenti, komwe mumadzaza). Magawo a asbestos amayikidwa m'chigawo chonse ndikuyembekeza kamodzi pa sq.m. Pambuyo kutsanulira konkriti, samachotsedwa. Mutha kupanga mabowo pamatabwa ngati mabwalo, koma konkire ikatha, mtengowo uyenera kuchotsedwa.
Tsopano tikukonzekera konkriti wamba pogwiritsa ntchito simenti 150-200. Dzazani ndi wosanjikiza wa 15 cm - ngati palibe cholimbitsa, 20 cm - ngati kuphatikiza kwayikidwa. Ngati dera lalikulu litsanuliridwa, ndiye kuti mita itatu iliyonse ndikofunikira kuti apange msoko wotchedwa kutentha. Zimafunikira kuti patchalitchi lisatenthe nthawi yozizira. Msoko ndizosavuta kuchita ndikakanikiza mabolodi mu konkriti ndi m'mphepete mwa theka la sentimita. Atamatira, amachotsedwa, ndipo ma voids amadzazidwa ndi chowongolera. Pamwamba pa msoko wokutidwa ndi konkriti kuti muthane ndi ena onse pamwamba.
Pambuyo pa tsiku, matolowo amawachotsa m'maenje okumbamo ndipo amadzaza ndi m'mphepete mwa simenti ndi miyala yaying'ono.
Kupanga pilo yamchenga wamchenga
Dongosolo la ntchito apa ndi ili:
- Sansani mchenga, sakanizani ndi simenti 6: 1 (chosavuta chosakanizira mumakonkriti);
- Timadzaza malowa ndi wosanjikiza mpaka 10 cm (poganizira kukula kwa miyala yosanjikiza), i.e. makulidwe a khushoni + ayenera kukula mpaka kupitirira chizindikiro chofiira ndi pafupifupi 2 cm (shrink kukulunga).
- Timasinja ndi mbale yotsetsereka kapena toptuha (chipika chomwe bolodi lalikulu limakhomerezedwa kuchokera pansi, ndipo cholembera chimatulutsidwa kuchokera kumtunda).
- Chongani kusagwirizana kwa zilembo zofiira kuti pali malo otsetsereka. Mwa njira, kumbukirani kuti zikhomo ndizabwino kuyika nthawi zambiri, chifukwa ulusi wolimba kwambiri umapereka saizi ya 1 mm pa mita.
- Timayala mabatani pamalopo (mapaipi okhala ndi mulifupi wa 20 mm). Ayenera kukanikizidwa mwamphamvu mpaka pilo kuti kuchokera pachingwe kupita pa nyali yotsalira pakhale mtunda wofanana ndi makulidwe a matayala anu 1 + cm imodzi. Mtunda pakati pa ma beacons ndi wocheperako kutalika kwa ulamuliro wanu.
- Kenako timatenga lamulolo ndikufinya, tikungoyang'ana nyali zowala, zotchinga zam'mchenga zochulukirapo kuti zitheke bwino.
- Timatulutsa nyali zoyambirira, komwe mumayamba kuyika matailosi (simungathe kuyika pilo!), Dzazani mizere ndi zosakaniza zomwezo ndikuyamba kuyika matayala pamunsi konkire.
Umu ndi momwe zimawonekera:
Ngati malowa adapangidwa kuti ndi akulu, ndizosavuta kukanda mchenga ndi simenti mu chosakanizira konkriti, ndikuthamangitsa zosakanikazo kumapeto kwa wheelbarrow
Panjira zopapatiza, lamulolo likhoza kukhala bolodi lathyathyathya momwe malembawo amadulidwira, ndipo ngati ma beacons - m'mbali mwa malire omwe aikidwapo
Mukayika ma tulo, matayilo owonjezerawa ayenera kusinthidwa, kotero pezani choponderacho patsogolo ndikuyika gudumu la diamondi kuti apange ngakhale mabatani
Kuyika zanzeru: momwe ungakhalire wopanda mbale yoyendetsa?
Ngati mwamaliza zonse zomwe munachita kale ndikukhulupirira, ndiye kuti kuyika miyala yosanja ndikosavuta. Matailosi samayikidwa-kumapeto, koma ndi seams pafupifupi 5 mm. Sadzalola matailawo kuti asweke pamene ping'ambirayo "itayenda" kuchokera ku kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi.
Eni ake ena amayamba kuyika matailosi kuchokera kumbali yowoneka bwino pamalopo, kuti mabowo onse ndi malo oyenera akhale m'malo omwe satha kuwona bwino
Yambani kugona kuchokera pa zopondera. Nthawi zambiri amasunthira kudutsa chizindikiro kupita kumtunda, komwe madzi amayenda.
Yesetsani kusiya ngakhale kusoka pakati pa matayilalo, osachepera 5 mm, kuti ophatikizawo aziwoneka ofanana, ndipo nthawi yozizira, matayala akakula, samangunizana
Yatsani mbali iliyonse ya matayilo pogunda ndi chipolopolo (chinyontho cha mphira) ndikuwona momwe muliri. M'tsogolomo, muyenera kukanikiza pansi lonse ndi mbale yolumikizira kuti matailawo azikhala ndendende ndi ulusi wotambasuka, koma ngati mulibe, ndiye kuti gwiritsani ntchito pulawo yayikulu paza bolodi. Imayalidwa pamiyala ingapo ndikumenyedwa ndi chimacho mpaka msinkhu womwe mukufuna.
Malo olumikizirana matayala amatha kudzazidwa ndi zosakaniza zomwe mudapanga pilo, kapena ndi mchenga wabwino. Njira yoyamba imayambitsa kuphimba kwa monolithic, komwe kumadutsa chinyezi chochepa mkati. Kuphatikiza apo, udzu ndi mbewa zimamera nthawi zambiri m'misodzi. Koma ngati mutayitanitsa matayala oterowo nthawi yozizira ndi magalimoto olemera, ndiye kuti seams ndi m'mbali mwa matayalawo amatha kusweka, chifukwa kulibe magetsi. Zinthu zilizonse, kuphatikiza miyala, zimatentha kwambiri. Ndipo palibe chilolezo pakukulitsa kumeneku. Pamakhala kupanikizika kwambiri m'malimba, ndipo ngati nthawi imeneyo china chake chadutsa kupyola, konkritiyo singathe kulimbana ndi katunduyo.
Mphepo zomwe zimakutidwa ndi mchenga, zimasunga umphumphu wawo pompopompo, koma kudzera munsayo nthawi yomweyo zimagwera pansi pa matayala. Chifukwa chake kutaya kwamadzi kuyenera kuchitidwa pamalo okwera kwambiri.
Choyamba, mchenga kapena miyala yosakaniza ndi mchenga umabalalika pamalowo, kenako ndikusesa pang'ono pang'ono m'miyala pakati pa matayala
Kudzaza zolumikizira ndi osakaniza kapena mchenga pogwiritsa ntchito tsache wamba kunyumba. Kuphatikizikako kumwazika paphaka paphalaphala ndikusesa pang'ono ndi pang'ono m'madziwo, ndikuwonjezera.
Tsambali lakonzeka. Ndikofunika kuti musayendemo kwa masiku atatu, kuti pilo limalimbitsa chinyezi kuchokera padziko lapansi ndikuuma. Ndikwabwino kuyika bolodi kapena plywood, kuti musasunthe m'mphepete mwa matailosi mukapanikizika ndi thupi.
