Gooseberries ndi mabulosi okoma omwe ali abwino kwa nyengo ku Urals ndi Siberia. Ndi zosagwira chisanu, zotsekemera, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito maphikidwe osiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikufotokozerani m'mene mungakulitsire chitsamba chabwino chachikasu, zonse zakusamalira chomera komanso nthawi yokolola.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a jamu waku Russia chikasu
Bulosi wachikasu osiyanasiyana ochokera ku banja la Gooseberry siali aang'ono kwambiri, adaweta pafupifupi theka la zaka zapitazo. Koma kukoma kunthawi imeneyi sikunade.
Mbiri yakale
Mu 1970, ku All-Russian Research Institute of Michurinsky Gardening, obereketsa K. D. Sergeeva adapanga joseberry ya chikasu. Anawoloka zipatso zingapo zingapo: Oregon, Curry, Osasamala ndi Horton, muyezo. Chifukwa cha kusankha, mabulosi osagwirizana ndi kuzizira, ufa wa powdery anapezeka. Mu 1974, mitunduyi idalowa mu boma ndipo idafalikira ku North-West ndi Ural.
Zipatso za chikasu chaku Russia
Makhalidwe a tchire
Ngati titha kunena za tchire - kapangidwe kake, masamba, mphukira, ma spikes, masamba, ndi zina zotere, ndiye kuti titha kufotokoza za jamu wachikasu ngati chitsamba chapakati. Chikasu cha ku Russia chimakhala ndi utoto wolimba, wamtali, wamtali, wokongola, komanso wamtambo wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndipo pamwamba pakepo penti. Mphukira zopindika za sing'anga zokulirapo ndizopepuka.
Tchire limakutidwa ndi ma spikes owongoka a sing'anga kukula (kutalika / makulidwe), singano zopepuka zimapezeka kumakona akumanja mpaka mphukira. Chipere cha tsamba chili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Masamba ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi korona wonyezimira wamtambo wonyezimira, osati wotsika komanso wopindika pang'ono. Masamba a chitsamba chowala bwino ndi owala pang'ono, osatsitsidwa, okhala ndi khungu. Kwambiri kowongoka, koma pali mitundu yomwe ili ndi masamba a concave. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakhala otumbululuka, ochepa.
Makhalidwe a zipatso
Zipatso za chikasu cha chikasu ndizokulirapo, zolemera pafupifupi 4.5-6 g chowulungika kapena ovoid ndi zokutira zooneka za waxy. Khungu limakhala lakuthwa, lalitali pakati ndi mitsempha yambiri, yopepuka kwambiri kuposa utoto wachikasu.
Zipatsozi zimakoma wowawasa, koma zotsekemera. Zinthu za shuga ndi 9,3%. Zomwe zili m'mbewu ndizapakatikati. Mabulosiwa ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popakaiwisi, popanga kupanikizana, ma smoothies, mchere, kuwonjezera masamba a tiyi, ndi zina zambiri.
Zolemba Zamakalasi
Kuphatikiza pa chakuti ma gooseberries ndiwotsekemera komanso zipatso zabwino, ndikadali chomera choyambirira cha uchi. Uwu ndiye mtundu woyamba womwe umakopa njuchi ku chiwembu.
Tcherani khutu! Ma gooseberries achikasu ndi njira yabwino yothetsera masoka achilengedwe ndi choleretic.
Kucha nthawi ndi zipatso
Kubzala mbewu kumayamba mu Seputembala ndipo kumatha mpaka Novembala. Ngakhale mabulosi samalimbana ndi chisanu, ndibwino kuti musawakokere ku chisanu mukadzala. Mu Juni komanso kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, ndi chisamaliro choyenera: kusasinthasintha, kusula namsongole, kukhalapo kwa zosunga zobwezeretsera zakudya, chitsamba chimapereka pafupifupi 5 makilogalamu, chifukwa zipatso zimalemera panthambi kwa nthawi yayitali osagwa. Zokolola zabwino zidzaperekedwa pakatha zaka 10.
Makhalidwe abwino
Zipatso za jamu yachikasu ya ku Russia amakoma wowawasa, koma cholinga chachikulu ndi shuga, okoma. Kukomerako ndikosangalatsa komanso kosazolowereka, kotheka kwambiri kwa ma gourmet.
Chilala komanso kukana chisanu
Chomera sichimalola kuti chinyontho chizikhala ndi chinyezi, motero chimatha kukhalabe ndi nyengo yopanda nyengo. Komabe, pamafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse. Zisanu sizowopsa konse, tchire limalekerera chisanu popanda pogona.
Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo
Ndi chithandizo chapanthawi yake, chitetezo chadzuwachi chidzakulitsidwa kwambiri, chifukwa chake matendawa sangakhudze tsekwe. Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga tomwe timagonjetsa mitundu:
- ufa wowonda;
- kuwombera aphid;
- kangaude;
- nkhungu;
- Septoria;
- anthracnose.
Matenda a anthracnose okhudza masamba a jamu
Ngati chithandizo chikuchitika kuchokera ku tizilombo ndi majeremusi, ndiye kuti kutolera kungachitike pambuyo pa milungu itatu. Chithandizo chotsatira chikuyenera kuchitika patatha milungu iwiri zipatso zitadulidwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Berry
Makampani sazengereza kugula zipatso zochuluka kwambiri kuti apange. Ichi ndi chinthu chapadziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimayenera kugulitsidwa mwatsopano, kupanga, kuphika, kumalanso.
Zabwino ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana Russian chikasu
Zina mwazinthu zabwino zomwe zidapezeka ndizodziwika: kukana chisanu, kukana kutentha ndi chilala, chonde chokha, ndiye kuti, pollinator sichofunikira. Ndipo, zoona, kukoma.
Mwa zoperewera, wamaluwa amasiyanitsa kuchuluka kwa chitsamba mu nthawi ya kukula, pomwe iye ndi wamng'ono.
Kubzala mbande zazing'ono patsamba
Kukula kwa mbewu, kusakhazikika kwa chomera mwachindunji kumatengera kusankha kwa mbande, kukonza nthaka ndi malo obzala, komanso kuthirira chomera chaching'ono.
Kusankha ndi kukonza mbande
Mukamasankha mmera, muyenera kulabadira zinthu ziwiri: mizu ndi kutanuka kwa mphukira. Mizu sayenera kukhala youma. Mokulira, mphukira yathanzi ili ndi mizu inayi ya masentimita 13. Aliyense kuti muwone ngati mawonekedwe ake ndi osavuta - kupanga gawo lamtanda. Ngati mtundu wodulidwa ndi beige kapena zonona, mmera umakhala wathanzi, wathanzi, ngati woderapo, wokhudzidwa ndi matendawa.
Tcherani khutu! Mphukira 5 mm ndi njira yabwino posankha mmera. Mtundu wobiriwira, kutanuka ndikusinthika kwa mphukira zingapo ndikuwonetsanso thanzi la mbewu.
Nthawi ndi kayendedwe
Gooseberry sapling ayenera kubzala mu kugwa kuyambira September mpaka November. Zowonadi nyengo yoyamba isanazizire. Nthambi zimabzalidwa m'maenje pambuyo pa 2 m kuchokera pa wina ndi mzake mpaka akuya masentimita 10-15 kubisa khosi lamizu.
Kusankha malo okhalitsa
Malo oyenera ndi kuyatsa kwabwino, popanda chinyezi chambiri m'nthaka. Dothi lakuda ndi dothi lopepuka ndi malo opanda chonde polimbitsa zipatso za chikasu. Muyeneranso kuteteza mbande ku mphepo yozizira ndi kukonzekera.
Kukonzekera kwa tsamba
Choyamba, kuwonongedwa kwa namsongole, kuyeretsa malo obzala, kenako kuphatikiza manyowa m'nthaka. Idzatenga 15 kg ya humus pa 1 m². Onjezani mchenga kapena dongo ngati kuli kotheka.
Njira zopangira
Malangizo achidule a momwe mungabzalire zipatso za chikasu cha ku Russia:
- Mizu ya mmera imayikidwa m'madzi kwa tsiku limodzi musanabzale.
- Kukumba mabowo 60 × 60 × 70 masentimita kukula kwake, mtunda pakati pawo ukhale wosachepera 2 m.
- Manyowa dothi m'maenje ndi mahatchi humus ndi phulusa lamatabwa ndi superphosphate.
- Khazikitsani mmera mu dzenje pa 45 ° ndikuwaza ndi lapansi.
- Khosi la mizu liyenera kuzamitsidwa ndi masentimita 10-15. Izi zimathandiza kulimbitsa ndi kupanga mizu.
- Thirani mmera ndi madzi. Mabatani awiri abowo.
- Pangani bowo lozungulira ndi theka la mita. Mutabzala, dzazani ndi peat ndi utuchi patsiku.
Kubzala gooseberries wachikasu ku Russia
Osatinso zovuta kubzala mbande momwe zingaoneke koyamba. Chachikulu ndikuti muyenera kuchita njira zina pasadakhale: sankhani malo oyenera, konzani mabowo, humus.
Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro cha nyengo
Kachitsamba kamakhala malo ozizira, kamatha kugwa chisanu ndipo kamalekerera mvula yotentha bwino. Koma jamu wachikasu ali ndi mawonekedwe ake: korona wandiweyani, spikes lakuthwa komanso pafupipafupi, komanso nthambi zimatha kukula kwambiri.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Chitsamba sichimakonda chinyontho, koma m'chilimwe muyenera kuthirira kawiri pa sabata, zidebe ziwiri pansi pa chitsamba m'mawa ndi madzulo. Kutsirira pafupipafupi kumakhala kothandiza pa nthawi ya zipatso. Nthawi imeneyi, impso zimapangidwa chaka chamawa.
Mulching ndi kulima
Kulima nthawi yayitali komanso kwakanthawi kumakhala chitsimikizo cha thanzi komanso kukula bwino kwa mmera. Pambuyo kuthirira, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka, manyowa, kuwononga namsongole. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imalandira zakudya zochuluka kwambiri.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa eni
Zothandizira pa gooseberries ndizopangidwa ndi matabwa kapena waya wachitsulo. Zonse ziwiri ndi zina ndizotheka kuti nthambi zikule pang'ono. Izi zimathandizira kukolola ndikupeza mizu ndi thunthu pa kukonzekera.
Matabwa amtchire wachikasu
Zofunika! Zothandizira ndizofunikira kuti nthambi ndi zipatso zisawola pansi.
Mankhwala othandizira
Fungicides, mankhwala ophera tizirombo, tizirombo toyambitsa matenda, urea kapena madzi otentha - chithandizo chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa kasupe chithandiza mmera kuthana ndi matenda ndi majeremusi. Chithandizo cha mankhwala komanso zamankhwala amtunduwu zimapatsa mphamvu chomera.
Kudulira
Kuthana ndi akalewo kumachulukitsa zochuluka. M'pofunika kudula mphukira zakale zowuma impso, odwala, opindika nthambi pansi. Nthawi yabwino yosamalira mbewuyi ndi koyambirira kwa nyengo yamasika, pomwe nthawi yokulira sichinayambe.
Kudulira nthambi zakale za jamu
Nkhondo yolimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa zipatso za goose - kupereka mwayi wowunikira dzuwa ndi michere yowonjezera ku nthambi zazing'ono.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Kukanani ndi kutentha kochepa kumachepetsa mtengo woteteza nthawi yozizira. Panyengo yozizira, mumangofunika kuchotsa ma props kuti nthambi ziyandikire pansi.
Zofunika! Kuchokera pansi pa chitsamba muyenera kuchotsa masamba agwa ndi zipatso zomwe zateteza tizirombo ndi onyamula matenda.
Kuswana
Kukula mbande za mbewu ndi njira yowononga nthawi. Ma goose zipatso zabwino amatha kufalikira pogwiritsa ntchito chitsamba.
Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa mogwirizana akualangiza mogwirizana pofalitsa chitsamba pogawa. Kuti achite izi, amakumba chomera m'nthaka mu Novembala, adachiwona m'magawo awiri atatu, omwe amadzala m'maenje osakumbika ndikuthirira. Chapakatikati, muyenera kudula wachinyamata wachinyamata kuti muchepetse mizu.
Jamu chikasu cha Russian chikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi kudulidwa ndi kuyala. Poyamba, nthambi zobiriwira zimadulidwa kuchokera ku korona, zimazika m'madzi, kenako ndikabzyala panthaka. Kachiwiri, nthambi zam'munsi za chitsamba zimagwera pansi, zimagona ndi dothi. Pakadutsa milungu ingapo, iwo amakula pansi, ndipo ma bendawo amatha kuduladula pachitsamba cham'madzi ndikuwachotsa kupita kwina.
Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda
Josi wachikasu waku Russia amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Mulimonsemo, mosakayikira, njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyothandiza kupewa. Kuti tichite izi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala, kuthana ndi mankhwala ophera majeremusi kumachitika, tchire limaphikidwa ndipo dothi limaphatikizidwa.
Kangaude wakupanga masamba a jamu
Josi wamtchire wa ku Russia ndi chomera chochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'munda, chomwe chimabweretsa zipatso 15 makilogalamu chaka chilichonse. Njira za feteleza munthawi yake, kupewa matenda, kudulira ndi kusamalira zidzakulitsa moyo wa chitsamba kwa zaka zingapo.
