Pakati pa matenda oyamba ndi nthomba zomwe zimapezeka m'masamba, zobisika kwambiri ndizovuta zomwe zimachedwa kumapeto, mbatata, tomato ndi mbewu zina. Tsopano tikambirana za muzu. Kwa zaka zambiri zokumera tubers zopatsa thanzi, ndidaphunzira kuthana ndi vuto ili. Ngakhale tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sangathetsedwe, kupewetsa kumathandiza kupewa matenda. Pakakhala zovuta, mbewuyo ikhoza kupulumutsidwa ngati chithandizo chayamba pa nthawi yake.
Kufotokozera kwa mochedwa vuto
Choyipa chakumapeto ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha micellar tizilombo tating'onoting'ono totchedwa Phytophthora. Bowa amatha kupatsira mbewu zambiri. Zikulowera kudziko lapansi, zimakhalamo kwa zaka zambiri. Akuyembekezera nyengo zabwino kuti zitukule.
Kodi zotupa zakuchedwa zikuwoneka bwanji:
- Amawoneka amdima mumaso masamba, amakula, amakhala bulauni. Kuphimba koyera kumawoneka pamasamba pansipa - awa ndi matumba. Mumene mikangano imayamba. Mafangayi amadya minyewa yonse yamtchire. Nthambizo zimatha kuda kwathunthu, kuphwa pa mpesa.
- Mawonekedwe ansontho akhungu amawonekera pa tubers, mbatata zimasiyanasiyana, ndimitundu. Mukamasungira, mawanga amawonjezeka, amakhala oderako, ofewa. Mnofu wovunda pamadulidwe umawoneka bwino, umadziwika ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Popita nthawi, amasintha kukhala ntchofu.
Ngati simukulimbana ndi bowa pomwe zizindikirika za matenda zimayamba, mbewu yonse idzafera m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndi cellar isanayambike. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu, fungicides ithandiza kupulumutsa china chake, ndizinena zambiri za iwo.
Amayambitsa, zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa mbatata mochedwa choipitsa
Choyamba, mawu ochepa onena za njira yofalitsira spores. Zowonjezera mphepo:
- makoswe;
- anthu ovala zovala, nsapato;
- ziweto;
- mbalame
- tizilombo, kachilomboka kamodzi mbatata wa Colorado, agulugufe.
Matendawa atha kubweretsedwa m'nthaka:
- mutabzala mbeu yomwe ili ndi kachilombo, zobvuta mochedwa pa ma tubers sizimawoneka nthawi yomweyo;
- kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, zida;
- ngati mupanga manyowa pamitengo yopanda matenda;
- ndi manyowa;
- kuthirira madzi osokoneza kuchokera m'malo osungika, migolo; nyengo yabwino ikabuka: kutentha kumatsika, mvula zimayamba.
Ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka, kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi masana, mycelia imatupa ndikuyamba kukulira. Kupasuka, kufesa mbewu zapafupi. Ngakhale kuwola kamodzi, komwe kumawonongeka kuli koopsa. Mwa njira, ngati tomato akhudzidwa ndi wowonjezera kutentha kapena kuwonekera kwaoneka pa mitengo ya apulosi kapena zipatso, mwachangu muyenera kuwongolera kubzala mbatata, uwapulikire kuti mupewe kuvulala kwambiri.
Mwa njira, ndibwino kukumba mbatata yomwe idakonzedweratu, ngati izi ndi tchire limodzi. Kuchokera kuzomera zomwe zimayambukiridwa, mbewuyo imakololedwa ndikusungidwa payokha kuchokera ku mbatata zina zonse. Gwiritsani ntchito poyambira.
Matendawa amafalikira kudzera mmera kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, masamba oyamba omwe amakhala pafupi ndi nthaka, kenako thunthu, pamwamba. Maselo amauma, madzi am'mimba, masamba, thunthu limakhala losalimba.
Chifukwa chiyani phytophthora ndiowopsa kwa mbatata ndi anthu
Sindinadabwe nditawerenga kuti chifukwa cha vuto lakelo, mpaka 25% ya mbewu zimafa chaka chilichonse. Mu mvula, zaka zozizira, wamaluwa amataya zochulukira. Phytophthora, pansi pazinthu zabwino, imafalikira mwachangu, imasamutsidwira ku mbewu zina, imalowa lapansi, madzi. Mikangano imakhala yothandiza dothi, kompositi kwa zaka zinayi.
Poyerekeza ndi kuwonongeka kwa matendawo, matenda ena amakula, mawanga ndi njira yolowera matenda ena. Umagwirira ntchito womwe alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito kuti ateteze mizu yokolola yomwe imalowa m'thupi. Si bwino kudya mbatata zotere.
Chithandizo cha mbatata chifukwa cha vuto lakumapeto
Ndikudziwa kuchokera pamoyo wanga kuti njira zabwino kwambiri zopewera ndi kupewa. Njira zikuluzikulu zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda omwe amabwera mochedwa:
- Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, nthawi zonse ndimakonza zidebe zonse, mabeseu, mafosholo, zida zina ndi yankho la furatsilina kapena potaziyamu permanganate.
- Chapakatikati, mbewuyo imadzozedwa, timayima padzuwa kwa masiku angapo. Ng'ombe yamanga, yopangika pansi pa khungu, imakhala yapoizoni, ma tubers ngati amenewo samadwala. Mukabzala, anthu oyandikana nawo amaponyera phulusa lamatabwa angapo ndi Phytosporin m'dzenje la 4: 1. Agronomists amalangiza kuchita fungicidal chithandizo: kupirira tubers okonzekera kubzala mu yankho la mankhwala kwa mphindi 30.
- Ngati bowa akuwoneka pafupi ndi oyandikana nawo kapena wowonjezera kutentha, ayeneranso kukonza kubzala mbatata, ndiye kuti kwachedwa kwambiri.
- Pamalo pomwe ndimadzala ma tubers chaka chilichonse, ndimadzala rye iliyonse yophukira. Pakatikati, siderat imamera, ikakumba, ibzalidwe m'nthaka. Iyi ndi njira yothandiza kukonza nthaka, kuphatikiza feteleza. Ndazindikira kuti mukangobzala rye, mbatata zimasungidwa bwino. Ayi, ayi, koma tuber yokhala ndi zowola.
Ndazindikira kuti mbewu zamitundu mitundu sizidwala. Asayansi aphunziradi kupatula mitundu yolimbana ndi phytophthora.
Fungicides zotetezeka kwa tizilombo ndi nyama
Ngati mbatata imadwaladwala, ndimatenda ang'onoang'ono ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, kukonzekera mchere, ndi wowerengeka azitsamba. Pakugonjetsedwa kwamphamvu, umagwirira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kuyamwa pa woyamba chizindikiro cha mochedwa choipitsa. Kuchulukitsa kwa chithandizo kumatengera nyengo, mphamvu ya kapangidwe.
Zopangira mchere zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mkuwa, zotchuka kwambiri ndi madzi a Bordeaux. Ndimaliza 100 g yamkuwa sulphate m'madzi otentha, bweretsani kuchuluka kwa madzi ku 10 l, kuwonjezera ½ chikho cha choko.
Copper chloride imakhala mukukonzekera:
- Abiga Peak, ndi sing'anga wapakati poizoni;
- Oxechom, uyu ndi oxychloride wamkuwa ndi oxadixyl, mankhwala oopsa oopsa;
- Kunyumba - mkuwa wowuma.
Kuti mugwire ntchito ndi mchere wama mineral ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kupuma, valani magolovesi. Mankhwala obwereza amatengedwa ndi masiku 5-7, ngati sizotheka kuthana ndi vuto lochedwa mochedwa koyamba.
Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe kumagwirira ntchito bwino kwambiri ndipo kumakhala tizinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe timamera pamitundu yambiri ya bowa. Pali ambiri aiwo, ndilemba zomwe ine ndekha ndimagwiritsa ntchito pokonzera tomato ndi ma biringanya, ndinapopera malo obzala mbatata: Gliokladin, Fitosporin kapena Fitosporin-M, Gamair, Alirin-B. Zithandizo zapadziko lonse motsutsana ndi mitundu yonse ya bowa Trichodermin, Planriz, Rizoplan.
Ndikofunikira kuyitanitsa ndalama madzulo, ngati kusakhazikika sikumayembekezereka. Ndimagwiritsa ntchito ufa wouma m'mawa, kuwaza pamasamba onyowa mpaka mame ataphwa.
Kufufuza ndi zinthu zachilengedwe amaloledwa kuchitika masiku atatu alionse.
Zithandizo za anthu zimafunika popewa kufinya, zimakulitsa chitetezo chazomera, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Palibe kanthu kuchitira nawo tchire zowonongeka.
- Phulusa limaphwa pansi masamba. Zabwino kwambiri ndizoyambira nkhuni za birch. Sindimawabzala makamaka ndikamabalalitsa ndi scoop pansi patchire. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito chofunda mukutulutsa fumbi.
- Zinthu zama Whey ndi mkaka ndizothandiza pamabedi amtundu uliwonse, minda yayikulu siyingakonzedwe nawo. Kefir yomwe yatha, Whey kapena mkaka wowawasa umasungunulidwa ndi madzi ndi madzi.
- Tinder bowa - bowa womera pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo yowuma, yowuma, yophwanyika. Lita imodzi ya madzi otentha muyenera bowa 100 g. Ikani zosakaniza kwa maola atatu, fyuluta, kutsanulira mu botolo la utsi.
- Kupaka kwa Garlic kumachitika motere: 100 g ya slurry imatsanuliridwa mu malita 10 a madzi, kukakamizidwa kwa tsiku, ndiye 50 ml ya sopo yamadzimadzi imawonjezeredwa. Fungo la izi limakhala mpaka masiku awiri.
Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala kuyenera kuchepetsedwa malinga ndi malangizo. Kukonzanso komaliza kwa nsonga kumachitika milungu itatu musanakolole, osati pambuyo pake. Ndi njira zambiri, chitsime chilichonse chimathandiza. Ndi
- Ditan-M-45;
- Efal;
- Ridomil;
- Bravo
- Syngenta;
- Epin kapena Epin-kuphatikiza;
- Thanos;
- Topazi
Uwu si mndandanda wathunthu wamankhwala. Koma ndibwino kuti musagonjetse kokhako.
Phytophthora zosagwira mbatata mitundu
M'madera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukule mitundu yomwe imakhala yolimba kwambiri.
Mitundu yoyambirira kucha yomwe imakolola mu Ogasiti mvula isanayambe:
- Masika ndi oyera - ndi khungu lowala, tubers amazunguliridwa, 80-140 magalamu kukula;
- Spring ndi pinki - chowulungika, ndi maso ofiira, kukula kwa mbatata ndi 135 g;
- Bullfinch - wokhala ndi ma tubers mpaka 90 g, osagwirizana ndi kunama, oyenera kusungidwa kwakutali;
- Desiree - wokhala ndi khungu lotuwa, mnofu ndi wachikasu;
- Polish lotus - chowulungika-chowzungulira mozungulira tubers 90-135 g kukula, wowawasa thupi.
Magiredi oyambirira:
- White White - kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri, opakidwa bwino
- Zopeka - zopepuka ndi mawanga a pinki pamaso, oyamikiridwa ndi kukoma, ma tub-a-size akulu;
- Wamatsenga Ii - yodziwika ndi zokolola, sing'anga-kakulidwe tubers;
- Utawaleza - wokhala ndi maulalo ovunda mpaka 150 g, woyamikiridwa ndi kukoma, kusunga bwino;
- Santa wazunguliridwa ndi khungu lowala, thupi la chikaso.
Mitundu yamadzulo:
- Kutalika - chowulungika chachikulu tubers ndi khungu lowala;
- Blueness - yozungulira ndi mauna khungu, thupi loyera;
- Asterix - wokhala ndi khungu lofiirira, nyama yopepuka;
- Gululi limakhala la pinki, timabowo totupa, tating'onoting'ono chikasu.
Anaona kuti mitundu yakucha yoyamba imadwala pafupipafupi, popeza amadwala asanafike poipa. Koma kuwasunga kwakanthawi kambiri kumalephereka, mchilimwe timadzuwa tikhalanso posachedwa. Pogona posungika kwa nthawi yayitali, timakula mitundu ya Asterix ndi Golubizna. Timaziphatikiza m'matumba osiyana.
