Zomera za nkhumba za Poltava: timadalira pa zokolola komanso mosavuta

Kuweta zinyama, mitundu yatsopano ndi mitundu yabwino ya zinyama, zomwe zimapangidwa mwadongosolo mwa kudutsa oimira kale omwe ali ndi mitundu yofanana. Monga lamulo, izi zimachitidwa kuonjezera zokolola kapena makhalidwe ena ofunikira.

Pakabereka mitundu yatsopano ya nkhuku, ntchito yofunika kwambiri imayimbidwa ndi mazira awo ndi zizindikiro za nyama, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti musankhe mbalame kuti iwonjezeke.

Ngati mukufunanso nkhuku zabwino, tikulangiza kuti tidzakumana ndi oimira a Poltava, omwe akupha alimi nkhuku kwa zaka zambiri ndikukhala osasamala komanso odzichepetsa.

Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane wa nkhumba za Poltava ndi zikhalidwe zawo zazikulu

Nkhuku, zomwe ndizo zoyambirira za mtunduwu, zomwe zidzakambidwe m'nkhani ino, zimadziwika kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo. Kenaka adasonyezedwa pa mawonetsero otchuka kwambiri ndipo ankaonedwa kuti ali ndi zolemba za dzira - nkhuku imodzi imatha kunyamula mazira pafupifupi 100 pa chaka.

Komabe, kulimbikitsa nkhuku zoterezi pazinthu zamakampani, alimi a nkhuku anawononga zonsezi.

Komabe, panali akatswiri omwe, chifukwa cha mitanda yodalirika, adakwanitsa kusunga mbali zazikulu za mtundu wakale ndi kukhazikitsa chatsopano, Poltava.

Lero mtunduwu ndi umodzi mwa njira zabwino zowonjezera zokolola, zomwe zimasonyeza kufalikira kwake. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira zimenezo Pali mitundu itatu ya nkhukuzi, zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa nkhuku:

Black Poltava nkhuku. Okhazikitsa oimira mtunduwo, omwe malo awo anali ochepa ku dera limodzi la dera la Poltava. Mpaka pano, chiwerengero chawo chili chochepa, koma obereketsa ndi azamoyo akuyesa kusunga ndi kufalitsa.

Zozulistye (cuckoo) Poltava nkhuku. Oimira ma subspecies amakopeka ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri wa mphuno, koma atsala pang'ono kutha. Malingana ndi mtundu, iwo amakhala ofanana kwambiri ndi Plymouthrocks, yomwe ili ku Poltava, ndi kusintha kwa kuwala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, choyamba (kuwala) chophweka ndi chokwanira.

Poltava nkhuku dongo mtundu. Lero ndi limodzi mwa mitundu yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poweta nkhumba zazikulu za nkhuku komanso ndi thandizo lomwe anthu amapatsidwa ndi nkhuku zabwino ndi mazira. Makolo a subspecies amaonedwa kuti ndi omwe amayamba kusuta fodya, owoloka ndi Orpingtons achikasu ochokera ku Ulaya, Viandoths ndi oimira a New Hampshire mtundu.

Panthawi za Soviet, mtundu uwu unkayimiridwa kwambiri m'mapulasi a nkhuku a maiko ambiri, koma lero chiwerengero cha oimirawo chikuchepa. Masiku ano nkhuku za Poltava zimalembedwa mwalamulo monga mtundu wa zokolola zopatsa nyama.

Kodi ubwino wokhala ndi kubereketsa nkhuku za Poltava ndi ziti?

Choyamba chomwe alimi onse a nkhuku omwe adayamba kuchita nawo Poltava nkhuku amamvetsera ndi mtima wawo wofatsa. Iwo alibe vuto lililonse, amamvera kwambiri kukoma mtima kwa mwiniwake. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha kusungidwa ndi nkhuku za mitundu ina komanso pafupi ndi zinyama zina.

Njira ina yosamalidwa bwino ndi mtundu uwu maluso abwino othandizira. Kutumiza kapena kusamukira sikuwoneka pa kulemera kwawo kapena khalidwe lawo.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi zosavuta kuzikula palimodzi pamapulasi akuluakulu a nkhuku, komanso m'nyumba za nkhuku, komanso ngakhale mu khola. Ngakhalenso pa zochepa kwambiri popanda kuyenda nkhuku za Poltava zimasonyezabe dzira lopangidwa bwino kwambiri komanso zimakula bwino komanso zimalemera.

Mpaka pano, mtunduwu ukupitirizabe kukula, umene umatilola kukhala ndi mzere wolimba kwambiri wa mafupa (14-3). Ubwino wake umakhalapo chifukwa chakuti uli ndi kuteteza kwa matenda monga neoplasm ndi salmonellosis. Motero, kuchuluka kwa mbalame kumawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuswana kwawo kukhala kopindulitsa kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, oimira mzere wofanana wa chibadwa akhoza kudzitamandira chifukwa cha mazira akuluakulu komanso mazira aakulu.

Ubwino winanso umene kuswana umapereka ndiwopadera. Chifukwa chakuti pali oimira ochepa okha nkhuku zakuda ndi zozulist, zimakhala zoweta zowonongeka, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti asunge ma genetic gene.

Achinyamata a Poltava nkhuku zimakhudza kwambiri kugonana ndi kulemera. Ndili ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, nkhuku zimakhala zolemera makilogalamu 1.5, kapena kuposa.. Komabe, mosasamala za msinkhu, nyama za nkhukuzi ndi zodabwitsa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Ndizomwe zimakhala zokoma komanso zamadzimadzi kwambiri kuti ndizofunika kwambiri kuposa nyama ya Leggorn yotchuka kwambiri.

Zoipa za mtunduwu: choyenera kuchita chiyani kuti usabweretse mavuto ku banjali?

Sizodabwitsa, koma ngakhale nkhuku zokongola ngati Poltava, zimakhala ndi vuto limodzi - chizoloŵezi cha kunenepa kwambiri. Zoona, sizimadziwonetsera kawirikawiri, koma zingabweretse ena kunyumba kwanu. zachuma:

• nthawi ya moyo wa nkhuku zowonongeka ndi nkhuku zachepetsedwa kangapo;
• Kuika mazira kumachepa kapena kumasiya kwathunthu;
• mu nkhuku zotero chidziwitso cha nkhuku chimadonthedwa.

Pofuna kuteteza izi, ndikofunika kupereka mbalame zokhazokha zakudya, kukhuta zakudya ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Komanso, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiwadyetse nthawi zonse.. Musaiwale za kuyenda nthawi zonse, zomwe zingalole kuti nkhuku zitha kuwononga mphamvu zawo, zikutentha ngakhale zida za mafuta zomwe zakhala zikuwonjezeka kale.

Ngati muwabzala mu betri ya ma cell ndipo mulibe mwayi wolola kuyenda, onetsetsani kuti mumaphatikizapo miyala mu zakudya zawo. Iwo adzapukuta chyme ndikuthandizira njira zakuthambo.

Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza momwe zimakhalira mbalame ndi kufotokoza kwa kunja kwake. Pambuyo pake, popanda chikhalidwe chimodzi, nkhuku zingaganizidwe osati zenizeni ndi kukanidwa.

Ndi zikhalidwe ziti zomwe nkhuku za Poltava zimadziwika?

Choncho, ngati mukuswana Poltava nkhuku pakhomo mumagula anthu akuluakulu, onetsetsani kuti mumamvetsera makhalidwe:

• mutu ndi wa kukula kwapakati, poyerekezera ndi kukula kwa thupi la nkhuku ndi zinyama, zikhoza kuwoneka ngati zazing'ono;
• Chomeracho chimakhala chachikulu muzinyumba, ndipo sichitha kuoneka bwino; ali ndi mawonekedwe a duwa, koma kusiyana kofanana ndi masamba kumaloledwa; mtundu wa chisa ndi wofiira;
• Zovala zamakutu zimakopetsa chidwi mu zofiira ndipo amakhala ndi kutalika kwake;
• nkhope ya mbalame ikhoza kukhala yofiira kapena yobiriwira, yokhala ndi timitengo ting'onoting'ono pamwamba;
• Mlomowo ndi waufupi, pafupifupi molunjika, koma pampando womwewo umakhala wochepa kuchokera pansi, utoto wofiira;
• khosi ndi lalifupi ndipo m'malo mwake ndi lakuda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke kuti ndi mbali ya chifuwa, ndipo kumbuyo kumadutsa pamutu kudutsa pamutu;
• chifuwacho ndi chachikulu kwambiri, chimasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndipo chimayima patsogolo;
• Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu kwa mbalame, msana wawo ndi wautali kwambiri ndi wamtali, uli ndi malo osakanikirana, ngakhale kuti mvula yamphamvu imapereka chithunzi cha mphika wokhotakhota;
• Ponseponse, thupi la nkhumba za Poltava ndizitali ndipo zimakhala zochepa; ngati muyang'ana mbalame kuchokera kumbali, mawonekedwe ake amapereka chithunzi cha boomerang;
• mapiko ndi ochepa kwambiri, amphwima kwambiri thupi;
• miyendo ya oimira mtunduwu ndi ochepa, osakhala ndi nthenda, ali achikasu; khala ndi kutalika kwake;
• mchira wa nkhuni ndizowamba bwino ndipo zimakhala ndi nthenga zosavuta za mtundu wosiyana, palibenso zida zankhondo; pamodzi ndi thupi, mchira umapanga mawonekedwe obtuse;
• Nkhuku za poltava zadongo zimakhala ndi maso ofiira achikasu.

Nkhuku za Clay Poltava zimakhala ndi mtundu wake wapadera wa nthenga: ndizokasupe kapena zamdima. Malangizo okhawo a nthenga ndi mchira amasiyana ndi mtundu wakuda. Kuwombera pansi anapiye azimayi awiri pa tsiku lakale ali ndi mthunzi wofiira.

Palinso kusiyana pakati pa mazira ndi nkhuku za mtundu uwu. Choncho, nkhukuzo zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri, m'kuyenda bwino, ngakhale ziri zovuta. Muzitali zadothi, nthenga pamapiko ali ndi chikasu chakuda, ndi pakhosi - golidi. Iwo amadziwikanso ndi chisa chachikulu, chomwe chimakhala ndi mano asanu a mawonekedwe nthawi zonse. Mchira wa nkhuni uli wakuda kwambiri, zokhazokhazo zimatha kukhala ndi nsalu yobiriwira.

Zotsatira za nkhuku za Poltava: zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri mu nambala

Zilombo za Diluting Poltava zimapindulitsa kwambiri chifukwa zimadziwika bwino kwambiri. Nkhuku zitha kunyamula dzira loyamba pa masiku 140-150. Ndicholinga chake, ngati oimira mitundu ina yoyambirira dzira-kuika ndi yosafunika kwambiri, ndiye kuti nkhuku zoterezi ndizovuta. Ponena za kupanga dzira lonse tcherani khutu ku zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• mazira a pachaka omwe nkhuku imodzi amatha kunyamula akhoza kusiyana ndi 160 mpaka 217;
• zolemba zodzaza nkhuku zouzikitsidwa m'mapulasi apadera, zinalembedwa ndi zizindikiro za mazira 290 pachaka;
• Mazira a omwe amaimira mtundu wa Poltava ndi aakulu kwambiri, kulemera kwawo kumakhala 55 mpaka 58 magalamu;
• Nkhuku za Poltava zili ndi jini lapadera la golidi, lomwe siliwonetsedwa kokha ndi mtundu wa nthenga, koma komanso mtundu wa eggshell, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi bulauni. Kuphatikiza apo, zipolopolo zawo ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chakudya ndi kasupe;
• mazira amasiyana ndi mapuloteni ambiri;
• chiberekero cha mazira ndi chapamwamba kwambiri, chomwe chimapereka nkhuku zapamwamba zofanana za nkhuku za Poltava - 80-83%.

Kutulutsa nyama kwa nkhuku za mtundu wofotokozedwa zimakondweretsa pang'ono. Choncho, mazira omwe akukula amakhala olemera makilogalamu 3-3.5, pamene nkhuku zikulemera kwambiri - 2.2-2.5 kilograms. Pa zolemera zonse za mbalame, zokolola za nyama si zoposa 52%, ndipo mafupa - pafupifupi 11%. Ma juiciness ndi kukoma kwa nyama ya nkhuku za Poltava zimatsimikizira kukhalapo kwa mafuta oonda kwambiri, omwe ali pakati pa minofu ya mbalame.

Kufunika kwa mafakitale ndikutuluka kwa mbalamezi. Opereny ndi zochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kupeza zambiri za mankhwalawa. Kuchokera pamenepo mungapange mapiritsi abwino ndi mapepala.

Zomwe zimabala ndi kuswana Poltava nkhuku m'nyumba: malangizo othandiza

Nkhuku zoyamba ziyenera kuyamba ndi kugula nkhuku kapena mazira a mtundu womwe ukusowa. Njirayi ndi yotsika mtengo, koma ili ndi mavuto ambiri komanso nthawi yambiri. Choncho, mungathe kupeza anthu angapo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mazira kuti mupeze ana awo.

Poltava nkhuku zimadziwonetsera okha ngati nkhuku zabwino kwambiri, kotero inu simungakhale ndi mavuto ndi nkhuku zotsuka. Izi zimachitika masiku 20 mpaka 21, kotero, m'pofunika kudzala nkhuku m'mawa pakati pa mwezi wa April - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, kotero kuti mwana wamng'onoyo akakhale ndi kutentha ndipo palibe kukula kwake. 13-15 mazira akhoza kuikidwa pansi pa nkhuku imodzi.

M'masiku oyambirira muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa nkhuku, kuti isachoke chisa kwa nthawi yayitali, mwinamwake mazira omwe ali pansi pake angawonongeke.

Musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse amadyetsa ndi kuthirira nkhukuyi.

Zomwe mungadye komanso momwe mungasungire nkhuku kuonjezera ana ndi zokolola?

Mbali yaikulu ya zakudya za nkhuku za Poltava ziyenera kukhala mbewu za chimanga ndi zowonongeka kuchokera kuzipangizo zawo. Zidzakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri mbalamezi, koma zimadyetsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Koma kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe atabadwa, nkhuku zimadyetsedwa mapira ndi mkaka, zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu komanso mapuloteni.

Mpaka zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, chakudya choterocho chiyenera kukhala chovomerezeka, popeza chikhoza kuwonjezeka minofu ya minofu ndipo kawirikawiri thupi la mbalame. Komanso, izi zimathandiza kuti chiwonetsero chathunthu cha nkhuku za Poltava ziwonetsedwe. Koma pambali pa chakudya, nkofunika kuti nkhuku zing'onozing'ono ziziwunikira bwino m'nyumba. Kuchokera nthawi yomwe imachokera ku dzira, ziyenera kukhala pafupi nthawi, ndipo pakadutsa masabata 9 ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kufikira maola 9.

Pambuyo pogonjetsa zaka za anapiye pa masabata asanu ndi awiri, zimadyetsedwa bwino ndi chakudya chapadera, momwe mapuloteni sangapitirire 14%. Izi zidzathandiza kuti mufike pamtunda wabwino kwambiri mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse mukalowe msinkhu.

Patapita nthawi amadya mbalame zazikulu zingaphatikizepo:

• mbewu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuti kupindula kumapatsabe chimanga;
• mizu yokolola ndi zipatso za nyengo, koma pang'onopang'ono;
• chakudya chobiriwira, chomwe chingathe kusokonekera ndi nkhuku zazing'ono;
• Madzi abwino komanso abwino, omwe amamwa mowa nthawi zonse amakhala m'nyumba kapena pafupi.

Tadzineneratu mobwerezabwereza kuti mtundu uwu umakhala wolemera kwambiri, choncho musalole kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwawo. Kudyetsa nthawi zonse m'nyengo yozizira ayenera kukhala 2 pa tsiku, ndipo m'chilimwe imodzi ikhoza, makamaka ngati mbalame zikutha. Mbali yofunikira pa zomwe zili mu mtundu uwu ndi chiŵerengero cha amuna ndi akazi: Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi yoti pali nkhuku 8 pa tambala. Kuti ukhale wokongola kwa mbalamezi Muyenera kupereka zinthu zotsatirazi

• Ngati nkhuku zimasungidwa mkati mwachindunji pansi, ndiye kuti amafunika kubalalitsa zinyalalazo. Njira zabwino zingakhale udzu, utuchi wa nkhuni ndi peat wouma.
• Koma musaiwale kuti izi ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti zisakhale zowonongeka ndi kusunga mwatsopano m'nyumba;
• Chombo chakumwa chiyenera kuikidwa pamalo okongola kuti nkhuku zikhoza kuziwona. Zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa mwachindunji mnyumbamo, koma muyiyi nkhuku zimatsuka mmenemo ndikuzithira mchipinda chonse (mungathe kulepheretsa izi mwa kukhazikitsa ukonde wapadera pamwamba pa khola, momwe mbalame ikhoza kumangirira mutu wake);
• mbalame zimafunikanso kukonzekera malo ndi mchenga kapena phulusa komwe angathe kusamba ndikuyeretsa nthenga zawo;
• Yesetsani kupereka zoweta zanu nthawi zonse, zomwe adzatha kuyendetsa mphamvu zawo, ndikudyetsanso zakudya zawo mosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya chobiriwira ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.