Adiantum kunyumba: Kukula popanda mavuto

Adiantum ndi amodzi mwa mafayilo omwe anthu amalima kunyumba. Mitengo yotseka masamba obiriwira owala obiriwira, kuyambitsa kukhudza kwa "nkhalango yophukira", ndipo kudzipereka kosamala kosamalira - izi ndi zomwe pafupifupi onse omwe amakonda mbewu zam'nyumba amayamikira.

Zoyambira ndi kugawa

Adiantum, kapena venus ya tsitsi, ndiyabwino mwamphamvu kwambiri. Malinga ndi nthano, adawoneka kuchokera ku tsitsi la Venus loponyedwa pansi - mulungu wachikondi ndi wokongola.

Ndipo sizodabwitsa kuti chomera chosawonekachi chikufaniziridwa ndi tsitsi la mulungu wamkazi: masamba ake, amawoneka ngati tsitsi labwino kwambiri

Chomerachi ndi cha banja la pteris (ferns), imodzi mwa akale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Makolo ake adawonekera zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo, ku Paleozoic, komabe ena a iwo amapezeka ku South America, akuimira mitengo yayikulu ngati fern. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayimiriridwa padziko lapansi, makamaka m'malo otentha komanso otentha.

Adiantum imatha kupezeka ku Western Europe komanso kumapeto kwa mapiri a North Africa ndi Central Asia. Ku Russia, mbewu iyi imamva bwino pachilumba cha Crimea komanso Caucasus.

Nthawi zambiri imatha kuwoneka m'malo okhala ndi mitsinje m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja, mitsinje - pomwe chinyezi chimadutsa m'nthaka yodwalayo.

Adiantum imakhazikika m'mphepete mwa miyala chifukwa cha mpweya wamphamvu wopangidwa bwino

Fern ndi chomera chomera chowoneka bwino chomwe chili ndi masamba okongola, ngati osema. Zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndizosasangalatsa zam'madzi: kuthirira, kumatsika pansi mumaseti popanda kunyowetsa pepalalo. Chifukwa cha katundu wachilendoyu, fern adapeza dzina lake Adiantum (kuchokera ku Greek "a" - osati, "diaino" - moisten).

Magawo a masamba amodzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala owoneka ngati fanizo, osapitilira 2-3 cm kutalika

Fern iyi yofunda, yofowoka sikhala yofatsa: siyokwanira ndipo siyokwanira panyumba.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu

Mitundu ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 200 ya mitundu. Nthawi zambiri, tsitsi lanyama limadzala ngati chomera, chomwe chimamva bwino kwambiri kunja kokha mu chirimwe ndi chilimwe. Komabe, mitundu ina yamtchire ya adiantum itha kubzalidwe pamalo otseguka. Koma kumbukirani kuti nthawi yozizira amafunikabe kupereka zambiri zovomerezeka (kusunthira mbewuyo pamalo abwino ozizira otetezedwa kukonzekera). Chifukwa chake, mitundu yodziwika bwino yazithandizo ndi:

• Adiantum mandala: fern ndi cirrus kwambiri oval masamba amazimiririka wobiriwira, concave pansipa. Zigawo zooneka ngati Horseshoe zimagawidwa kumtunda kwa tsamba.
• Adiantum ndiwofatsa: yokhala ndi mizu yayifupi komanso masamba osiyananso (otambalala, opangidwa ngati ma petioles a mtundu wakuda). Amamva bwino m'chipinda chozizira, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala kudera lotentha la America, ku Greater ndi Ochepa Antilles.
• Adiantum finescent, kapena tsitsi labwino. Lanceolate, masamba osema, pansi mbali zonse, pamadongosolo olimba, ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi bristles. Kusamvana kumachitika pafupipafupi. Amakulitsidwa ngati chomera. Imapezeka kuthengo kumapiri a Africa, kumpoto kwa Hindustan Peninsula, kumapiri a Australia, ku Madagascar.
• Adiantum wokongola, kapena Adiantum formosum, ndi fern wokhala ndi mizu yopyapyala yopyapyala ndi masamba obiriwira amdima. Petiole yamtunduwu imakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyipa. Spores amalimbikira makamaka kumtunda kwa tsamba. Amakhala kuzilumba za Pacific Ocean.
• Mpangidwe wowoneka ngati mphero (Adiantum cuneatum) ndi wofanana ndi woyamba uja, koma umakhala ndi timiyala tating'ono ngati impso m'mphepete mwa tsamba. Imapezeka ku South America.
• Tsitsi la Adiantum Venus. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa ferns amkati. Kufikira 70cm kutalika, fern wokhala ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono kwambiri m'miyeso yopapatiza. Masamba amagawika m'magawo, owonda kwambiri, pa petioles ofanana ndi tsitsi lachikazi. Zamoyo zimangoyala kudzera m'timabowo tating'ono. M'nyumba mutakula muli ndi bang. Imagawidwa kwambiri pagombe la nyanja ya Mediterranean (m'mapiri), ku Europe, mapiri a Crimea, kontrakitala waku America, pamapula ambiri aku Asia.
• Adiantum pterygoid amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri zamtunduwu. Chomera chokongola chachamuyaya ndi masamba obiriwira-makanema awiri. Yakhala itayamba kalekale kukhala m'malo osungirako zinyalala, nyumba zobiriwira.
• Adiantum Ruddy: Native to the South American Tropics. Imakhala ndi masamba aatali (45 cm) okhala ndi mbali zamtundu wamtundu wamtundu uliwonse, womwe mulitali kuposa sentimita. Ziweto ndimtundu wakuda kapena pafupifupi wakuda. Adiantum Ruddy ndiwodziwika bwino m'maluwa am'maluwa, mitundu ingapo imalimidwa kunyumba:
  • Victoria Elegans;
  • Fragrantissima (aka Fragrance);
  • Fritz Lithii;
  • Gracilimum.

Zithunzi zojambula: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya adiantums

Tsitsi la Venus kunyumba: zofunikira zochepa

Kukongola konsekonse kwa adiantum ndikusazindikira kwake, sikumakhala koopsa, komabe kumafunikira zinthu zochepa (mwa njira, ndizofanana nyengo zonse).

Gome: Zochitika za Adiantum

Thirani ndi kufalitsa adiantum

Mukabzala maluwa, ndikofunikira kupereka zokonda poto wa dongo: bwino kudutsa mpweya wofunikira ndi mizu. Drainage imathiridwa pa 1/3 ya mphikawo, kenako imakutidwa ndi dothi lapadera lopangira ma fern. Monga lamulo, chisakanizo choterocho chimakhala ndi magawo ofanana a turf kapena deciduous humus, peat ndi miyala yabwino ya sandwich.

Duwa lokhazikika limasulidwa makamaka patatha zaka 2-3 kuchokera kubzala, makamaka mu April. Malinga ndi zomwe akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa, adiantum imakula bwino mu mbale zolimba: mizu yake ndi yopindika, osakula kwambiri, potero imapangitsa masamba kukula. Mukaziika, mizu yovunda imayenera kuchotsedwa mosamala, osavulaza athanzi.

Kanema: kutsata-pang'onopang'ono kwa venere ya tsitsi

Samalani moyenera

Fern wokongolayu samalekerera dzuwa mwachindunji. Kuwala kwamdzuwa pakakhala chinyezi chochepa ndiye chifukwa chachikulu choyaka cha kutentha kwa masamba. Zoyenera - mthunzi wocheperako, ndipo nthawi yotentha malo oyenera kwambiri adiantum ndi chipika chobisalira kuwala kwadzuwa. Kutentha kuyenera kusungidwa 15⁰-20⁰. M'chilimwe, palibe oposa 22⁰. Adiantum imavomerezanso kupangidwira ulesi ndi utsi wa fodya. Ngati chinyezi chimakhala chabwinobwino nthawi zonse, apo ayi nsonga za masamba zimayamba kusanduka chikaso.

Kutsirira kwanyengo ndi kuvala pamwamba

Ferns amakonda kuthirira nthawi zonse, koma mbewuyo sayenera kuthiriridwa. M'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chotenthetsa mbewu zambiri zakunyumba, masamba amayamba kuuma, kotero mutha kuthira madzi poto.

Kutsirira kumachitika bwino ndi madzi ofewa, makamaka kusungunuka kapena mvula, ngati zingatheke.

Galina

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Chomerachi chimakondanso chinyezi chachikulu: ndikofunikira kupopera masamba nthawi zonse kuchokera mu botolo lothira ndi madzi okhazikika. Feteleza ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu chirimwe ndi masika. Mutha kuvala zovala zafern m'masitolo apadera.

Maluwa

Adiantum sikuti pachimake. Izi ndichifukwa choti kalekale, pomwe ma fern woyamba amawoneka, kunalibe mbewu zophatikizira ndipo tizilombo timene timaziphatikiza. Kuberekanso kumachitika ndi spores, ngati zonse fern-ngati. Mikangano imawuluka pamtunda wawutali, chifukwa cha ichi magawidwe a ferns ndiwotakata.

Ndizotheka kudziwa mtundu wa adiantum mwa kutalika kwa spore

Nthawi yopumula

M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yozizira imayamba, monga mbewu zambiri. Pakadali pano, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa mpaka 1 pa sabata.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Ndi chidziwitso chonse cha ferns, ma adiantums (mukathirira, kuwala, ndikudya sizinawonedwe) zitha kupweteka komanso kuwonongeka ndi tizilombo tokhala maluwa. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambira zamatenda amtsitsi ndizopukutira ndi zouma kapena zodera (zakuda), masamba, osatsitsidwa, masamba amayamba kusiya masamba kapena kuyamba kuwuma.

Osasungitsa adiantum pakukonzekera!

Zomera zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo ngati:

• chithunzi cabulb chikuwoneka kumbuyo kwa masamba, masamba curls (kangaude);
• pamtengo ndi masamba mungathe kuwona tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mapiko (aphid);
• Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tofiirira tomwe timawoneka pamtengo;
• Pamasamba povala zoyera, wofanana ndi ufa, mbewuyo imakhala yoterera, yolimba (mealybug).

Zomwe zimayambitsa tizirombo ndi matenda, komanso njira zochotsera, zimapezeka pagome pansipa.

Gome: Kuteteza Matenda a Fern

Kanema: za chisamaliro cholakwika cha adiantum payekha

Kuswana

Adiantum imafalitsa makamaka pogawa mizu. Chotsani mizu iliyonse yovunda / youma kuti mbewuyo ikamakula bwino isavulaze. Kusamalidwa kuyenera kuthandizidwa kuti isawononge mbewu, mizu yake, kuti mpweya uziyenda mokwanira, osabzala kwambiri pansi.

M'dzenje laling'ono, ndikani mbali ina ya adiantum ndi muzu, kuwaza ndi nthaka, osakanikiza mwamphamvu, musaiwale kupukuta. Mukamasankha malo oti mudzazungulidwepo, pezani mtundu wake. Ndipo koposa zonse, kumbukirani za kuthirira. Pakatha sabata, adiantum iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza wapadera.

Zomera zachikulire zokha zomwe zimayenera kufalitsidwa ndikugawa muzu, koma ngati ntchitoyo ikulephera, mutha kutaya mbewu ya mayi

Mutha kukula adiantum kuchokera ku spores. Koma njirayi imawononga nthawi yambiri:

1. Zomera zakuda zakumaso kwa pepalalo ziyenera kusungidwa mu thumba la bafuta kapena papepala.
2. Thirani mbeu mosaphika mumphika wokonzedwa ndi dothi, pang'ono kukonkha ndi dothi.
3. Moisturize.
4. Phimbani ndi pulasitiki kapena galasi.
5. Dothi likauma, liyenera kukhala lonyowa.
6. Kutentha kuyenera kukhalabe 20⁰-22⁰C.
7. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, mphukira zoyambirira zidzawoneka ngati mphukira yaying'ono.
8. Yembekezani mpaka atakula, ndikupanga zonse zofunikira, kupatulira ndi mmera.
   

   Nthawi ya moyo wa adiantum imaphatikizanso kusintha kwa mibadwo yam'tsogolo komanso yogonana

Mitundu yonse ya adiantum yamkati ndi yosazindikira, ngati mutsatira zosavuta: kutentha koyenera, chinyezi chochepa komanso mthunzi wosakhalapo. Ngati izi zimasungidwa bwino, fern iyi imakondweretsa eni ake kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndi masamba obiriwira amitundu yobiriwira.