Momwe mungakulire violet kuchokera ku tsamba kunyumba

Kukhala ndi chomera chimodzi chamkati cha violet, pakapita nthawi wobzala amafunsa funso: momwe angachifalitsire, chifukwa kuswana ndizosangalatsa. Chomera chilichonse chimataya kukongola kwake ndi ukalamba, koma ndizosangalatsa chaka chilichonse kusirira maluwa osalala a mitundu yomwe amakonda. Kudziwa momwe ma violets amafalikira, sizovuta kupeza njira yatsopano.

Njira zofalitsira ma violets: zabwino ndi zoipa

Kutengera ndi luso la kubereka senpolia, aliyense amatha kusankha njira yomwe imamuyenerera. Ndikofunika kudziwa zonsezo, chifukwa nthawi zina pamakhala zosankha, kutengera mtundu wa mbewu.

Saintpaulia wokhala ndi tsamba lokhala ndi ana

Masamba

Tsamba lililonse lolimba popanda kufufuza matenda ndi kuwonongeka kungakhale chinthu chabwino pakupatsa kufalikira kwa senpolia. Nthawi yokwanira ndi Marichi, pomwe palibe kutentha, ndipo tsiku limatalika. Koma monga gawo lopulumutsira mwadzidzidzi, njirayi itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi chaka chonse.

Ubwino:

• Zinthu nthawi zonse zimakhala pafupi;
• kutuluka kwakukulu kwa ana: kuchokera pepala limodzi mpaka malo angapo angapo;
• pafupifupi chitsimikiziro, malinga ndi malamulo osavuta;
• zitha kuchitika chaka chonse.

Chuma:

• zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi kuzika mu March;
• kuphwanya lamulo lokakamizidwa kumangidwa kudzapangitsa kuti onse awiri azikhala papepala ndi ana;
• nthawi yocheperako yolandirira ana ndi miyezi iwiri.

Popeza mwadziwa luso lodzala ma violets mumphika ndi tsamba, mtsogolo limatha kubwerezedwa nthawi zambiri momwe mungafunire, ndikuwonjezeranso zina zina.

Zodula, magawo a tsinde

Matchulidwe amtunduwu samasiyana ndi tsamba lililonse ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakakhala palibe tsamba lonse komanso lamphamvu pachomera. Chifukwa chake, amatenga phesi la tsamba ndi chidutswa cha mtsempha waukulu kapena kudula pakati penipeni pa tsinde. Shank kwakutali, ndibwino. Gawo la tsinde limatengedwa kutalika kwa 1-1.5 cm kuchokera pakatikati, ndikuchotsa korona (ngati sichili bwino), komanso gawo lonse lakumunsi lokhala ndi mizu.

Gawo la tsinde la violet ndi korona ndi mizu yaying'ono

Zomera zobzala zimabisidwa m'nthaka ndi 1-1,5 masentimita ndikuphimbidwa ndi cap. M'malo obiriwira oterewa m'masabata awiri otsatira, magawo a violet amatha kupanga mizu. Ngati mutenga chidebe chokhala ndi makoma owonekera pofikira, posachedwa mizu yake imakhala yosiyanikika. Gawo la tsinde, ngati phesi, liyenera kupatsa ana, omwe m'miyezi iwiri itatu atha kubzalidwe mosamala m'miphika ingapo.

Ubwino: zigawo zazikulu zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pakukula mizu yatsopano. Zovuta: pamaso pa mtundu wina wa matenda fungal, palibe mwayi kuzika mizu.

Maluwa

Mitundu ina ya ma violets, mwachitsanzo, ma chimera, amathanso kuwiluka motere. Mbewu ndi masamba sizikhala ndi mndandanda wathunthu womwe umakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa komanso mawonekedwe ake, komanso masamba. Kuti mupeze ma clones, mapesi a maluwa amatengedwa, ndikuwazika mizu chimodzimodzi ndi masamba.

Gawo la mizu yoyenda

Kuphatikiza kwa njirayi: Kusungidwa 100% kwa zinthu zonse za mitundu yosowa.

Zoyipa: kuvuta kwambiri kwa njirayo ndi kupulumuka kochepa kwa ma peduncle (pafupifupi 1 mwa 4-5 kapena kuchepera).

Mbewu

Mbewu za ma violets ndizochepa kwambiri, ndizovuta kuzisamalira chifukwa cha izi. Zogulitsa, sizipezeka konse. Chifukwa chachikulu: nthawi yayifupi yamera (mpaka miyezi inayi). Chifukwa chake, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okhawo omwe amapanga mitundu yatsopano. Kuphatikiza: mutha kupeza mithunzi yatsopano ya maluwa powoloka ma violets okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.

Masamba ofunda a violet m'madzi

Mutha kuzika mu dothi (masabata 2-3) kapena m'madzi (pafupifupi milungu inayi). Pakangodutsa miyezi 1-3 kuchokera patazika mizu, ana akuwonekera. Kuti ikhalebe chinyezi chokwanira, chikho chokhala ndi tsamba chimasungidwa pansi pa kapu kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Mizu yovunda m'madzi

Momwe mungazule chitsamba kuchokera ku tsamba: Kukonzekera kumera

Ngati tsamba limagona kwa nthawi yayitali (maola opitilira 5), ​​ndiye kuti liyenera kuloledwa kuti lizikhala ndi madzi ndi dontho la potaziyamu permanganate (maola 2-3). Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito masamba amtundu wa 2 mu nthawi yomwe mukufuna kubereka. Tsamba limasiyidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 2 cm. Ngati gawo la pepalalo likugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti odulidwa amapatsidwa mphindi 15. pukutani nthawi yomweyo pomukoka ndi mowa.

Mulingo woyenera

Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito wowoneka bwino wowononga pulasitiki wokhala ndi chivindikiro. Kamodzi patsiku, chivundikirocho chimatsegulidwa kuti mpweya wabwino ufike. Ngati pali zowonongeka papepala, ndiye kuti musaphimbe ndi chivindikiro. Kuunikira kowonjezera sikofunikira ngati mutayamba kugwira ntchito kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena chilimwe.

Momwe mungakulire violet kuchokera ku tsamba kunyumba kunyumba agroperlite

Njira yatsopanoyi ili ndi maubwino angapo pa kuzika mizu m'madzi. Mu agroperlite, mizu imakulanso chimodzimodzi m'nthaka, yomwe imathandizira kusintha kosinthika ndikusintha mu dothi. Agroperlite ndi chosalala, kupuma, komanso chinyezi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito payekha, komanso kuphatikizidwa ndi vermiculite ndi peat. Phula, pafupifupi, limayamba mizu itatha milungu itatu, ndipo litatha 100% kukabzala m'nthaka.

Kumera kwa violets mu agroperlite

Kufalikira kwa ma violets ndi tsamba kunyumba gawo ndi gawo

Ndikothekanso kumiza tsamba lomwe lingobedwedwa kumene m'nthaka popanda choletsa, palibe kukonzekera komwe kumafunikira, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino oti mizu ikule. Kugwiritsa ntchito muzu kumathandizira pang'onopang'ono njirayi, koma popanda iyo, mwayi wozika mizu ndi wokwera.

Dothi

Mu chikho (masentimita 5), ​​ngalande (mchenga, dongo laling'ono lokwanitsidwa) zimayikidwa pansi, ndipo mabowo amapangidwanso kuti azikulutsira madzi, momwe ndi bwino kuthira madzi. Malo oyika mizu amagulidwa m'sitolo kapena okonzedwa ndikusakaniza vermiculite ndi perlite, peat, makala oyala pansi ndi nthaka yachonde. Gawo la zopatuka likufika 30-50%. Optimum acidity pH = 5.5-6.5.

Kutentha, chinyezi, kuyatsa

Vacisi amatha kukula mwanjira yotentha kuyambira 14 ° C mpaka 29 ° C. Ulamuliro wa 20-22 ° C ndi woyenera kumera wachikulire, ndi 24-26 ° C pazodulidwa mizu. Kudumpha kopitilira 3 ° C patsiku kumachedwetsa kukula, ndipo kupitirira 6 ° C kumakupangitsani kuzizira kwa nthawi yayitali. Ziwawa ngati mpweya wonyowa (pamwamba pa 60%), koma zimapweteketsa madontho amadzi pamasamba ndi maluwa. Ndikofunika kuyika mphikawo mumphika wachiwiri womwe umadzazidwa ndi madzi, ndikukhazikitsa woyamba wowuma mukathirira.

Senpolis amakonda kuwala, koma obalalika kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa mawindo kapena pamtunda wa mbewu zokulira.

Makhalidwe a dothi pobzala tsamba

Kuti mupeze dothi la kufunika kwake ndi kapangidwe kake, zinthu zimayambitsidwa mmenemo zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ya mpweya komanso kuthekera kusunga chinyezi: vermiculite, perlite, makala, mchenga, sphagnum moss. Zonsezi sizikhumudwitsa mulingo wa asidi ndipo sizisintha kapangidwe ka mabakiteriya kukhala koyipa.

Momwe mungafalitsire violet ndi peduncle

Maluwa atangokulira kufikira kutalika kwake ndipo masamba ake amatseguka, maluwa amawadula mosamala. Peduncle imadulidwa pafupi momwe ingathere kuti ikule ndikuchokera. Mphanda wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira awiri atatu azikhala. Mapeto apansi amizidwa mu dothi la violets ndipo onetsetsani kuti aphimba ndi chivundikiro chowonekera kuchokera pamwamba, ndikusiya malo otentha (20-22 ° C). Sichitha kawirikawiri komanso moyenera kuthirira ndi pipette yochokera ku pipette, popeza kutsitsa madzi kumakhala kovulaza peduncle ndi mizu yake. Mizu imatenga miyezi 2-3.

Zolakwika Zomwe Zimamera Nthawi Zonse

Zotsatira zoyipa nthawi zambiri zimakhala nthawi yoyamba kuti muyesere kubereka senpolia. Zifukwa zolephera:

• Kuwonongeka kwa pepalalo. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa chamadzi am'madzi, makamaka nthawi yozizira. Kuti uthandizire kuzika mizu, kagawo kamayikidwa pansi muzu musanamizidwe m'nthaka.
• Madzi m'mikapu yozika mizu samatetezedwa ndi makala ophatikizidwa.
• Tsamba lomwe linazika mizu linakhala lotupa. Iyenera kuyikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikuchepetsedwa ndi kuthirira nthawi.
• Tsambalo lidasanduka lakuda. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chinyezi chambiri komanso kutentha kwa dzuwa. Mphikawo umafunika kutsukidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kutali ndi dzuwa lowuma ndikuwuma.

Violet kupatsirana pambuyo kumera

Ma rosette a ana akangoyamba kupangidwa, amasankhidwa mosamala ndikusinthidwa muzotengera zatsopano. Nthawi yabwino ndi yophukira (Seputembara-Okutobala). Zima ndi nthawi yosayenera kwambiri. Nthawi yotsatira kusintha kwa mphika kudzachitika mchilimwe (February-Marichi).

Momwe mungadziwire kukonzeka kwa chomera kumuika

Chizindikiro choti ndikusintha ndi choti chidzalo chimadzaza ndi mizu, komanso chovala choyera pamtunda - poterera mchere. Ngati mizu imathandizira kukhoma kwa mphika, kutuluka kuchokera m'maenje okumba, ndiye kuti mwanyalanyaza kale, kumuika ndikofunika mwachangu. Cholinga ndikusintha dothi kukhala lina, lokhala ndi michere yambiri. Mizu yatsopano imamera kuchokera ku gawo la tsinde lomwe lili pamwamba pa dothi. Chifukwa chake, chomeracho chimamasulidwa pamasamba akale akale (ngati kuli kofunikira), ndipo tsinde limayikidwa pang'ono.

Ana amasiyanitsidwa wina ndi mnzake

Momwe mungasankhire ndikukonzekera dothi kuti mubzale

Dziko lapansi ndilabwino ndi acidity ya pH = 5.5-6.5. Mukamasankha gawo lomwe linapangidwa kale m'sitolo, zomwe zimakonda sizimakhala zakuda, koma dothi lofiirira lomwe lili ndi peat wowoneka bwino. Zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana zimasakanikirana mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a buku: mchenga, makala, vermiculite, coconut fiber, perlite, sphagnum moss.

Chinyezi, kutentha, kuyatsa

Pambuyo podikirira mpaka dothi liume, nyanjayo imachotsedwa mumphika wakale, ndikuchotsa dothi lakale. Mizu yayitali, yakale ndi yovunda imachotsedwa. Mzere wam'munsi wamasamba umaduladuka ngati akuwoneka osagwira ntchito, chifukwa izi zichepetsa maluwa kwa mwezi umodzi.

Masiku awiri oyambilira atabzala, kuthilira sikuchitika kuti apatse nthawi kuti apulumuke kuvulala kwa mizu. Mphika umayikidwa pamalo otentha (23-25 ​​° C). Ngati mpweya ndi wouma kwambiri (chinyezi 50% kapena kuchepera), ndiye kuti gwiritsani ntchito hotbed.

Kufalikira kwa ma violets ndi njere

Wosonkhetsa ndalama anali ndi mwayi wokwanira kukumana pa malonda a senpolia, ndiye kuti kukulira mbewu zamtundu umodzi sizovuta pakhomo.

Zomwe zimamera bwino

Ndikosatheka kusiyanitsa nthangala zomwe zimamera ndi zomwe sizimera, ndizochepa kwambiri. Mtundu wawo umakhala wakuda mpaka wodera. Chokhacho chokhacho chomera ndi tsiku lopangira lomwe wafotokozerako.

Mbewu za Saintpaulia

Momwe angakonzekere mbeu zobzala m'nthaka

Pofalitsa mbewuzo panthaka, zimakola. Tengani mapiritsi ochepa a kaboni wokhazikitsidwa ndikuwakankhira kufumbi. Kenako malasha ndi mbewu zimasakanikirana. Kukhetsa madontho ochepa amadzi mu osakaniza, sakanizani pang'ono pang'ono. Zotupa zazing'onoting'ono zimayenera kutembenuka - zotulutsa ndi mbewu mkati.

Mulingo woyenera kumera kwa mbeu

Chochititsa chake ndi kutentha. Pa 20 ° C, mbande zimawonekera m'milungu itatu, ndipo pa 25 ° C m'milungu iwiri. Kubzala kumachitika mu thanki pamwamba panthaka, mosadukiza (mutha kuwaza pang'ono ndi mchenga woyera). Pukusani pamabotolo opopera, kenako ndikuphimba ndi chivindikiro kapenagalasi. Malowa amasankhidwa owala, koma popanda dzuwa lowongolera, pang'ono pang'ono.

Senpolia imamera

Malamulo osamalira ana ang'onoang'ono

Kuti mbande zikule, koma osatambalala, muyenera kuchepetsa kutentha mpaka 17-18 ° C. Kutsirira kumachitika kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa pang'ono, koma osati yonyowa. Kuthirira madzi kumatha kuwononga mbande zonse. Dumphani mukapanga pepala lenileni loyamba kukhala chidebe chokulirapo. Pakatha masiku ena 10, mutha kuwabzala m'miphika yaying'ono kwambiri (masentimita 5-7).

Kutola mbande za senpolia

Kukula senpolis kunyumba ndi njira yosangalatsa kwambiri, yodzala ndi mfundo zambiri zosangalatsa. Zitha kuwoneka ngati zovuta, koma chidziwitso cha momwe mungafalitsire ma violets m'njira zosiyanasiyana amabwera mwachangu, ndipo zotsatira zake ndizoyenera kuchita.