Mitundu ya anyezi ndiwothandiza kwambiri ku chakudya chilichonse, chifukwa ndi mavitamini ambiri, macro- ndi ma microelements ambiri. Chikhalidwechi chimakhala chosanyalanyaza, motero, chimapezeka pamazipanga pena paliponse. Koma mutha kudzipatsa nokha greenery osati munthawi yamalimi, ngati muphunzira kukula zobiriwira anyezi pamalo wowonjezera kutentha kapena pawindo.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya anyezi pa amadyera
Kwa distillation pa nthenga pali mitundu yapadera ya anyezi. Koma anyezi wamba ndiabwino.
Anyezi
M'pofunika kusankha mitundu yambiri ya mphesa. Ngati mumadula anyezi otere, mkatimu simudzawona, koma masamba obiriwira atatu a nthenga zamtsogolo.
Anyezi wosakanikirana ndi wosavuta kuzindikira ndikudula anyezi
Zosankha zoyenera:
- Arzamas wamba. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera pagulu la nyengo yapakatikati ndi primordia 3-4. Kuphatikiza pa amadyera, imaperekanso mababu ang'onoang'ono, ochulukirapo. Cholembera sichidawononge kutentha kochepa. Zofooka zazikulu - chizolowezi chogonjetsera downy mildew ndi chikondi chapadera kuchokera ku anyezi.
- Bessonovsky kwanuko. Anyezi a kucha koyambirira, pakati-ndulu (2-3 zidutswa). Imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri, kupatula kokha ndi peronosporosis. Pamafunika kukonzedwa kochepa.
- Rostov wapamwamba. Chimodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri yakucha, anyezi aliyense amakhala ndi primordia 3-4. Cholembera chomwe chimakhala chovuta kwambiri kumatenda, chimalephera kuzizira.
- Spassky wamkulu wapamwamba. Chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri za sing'anga kucha kucha kwa distillation pa amadyera. Anyezi aliyense amakhala ndi primordia ya 7-10. Simalimbana ndi kuzizira, koma imathanso kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi peronosporosis ndi kuwola kwa khosi ngati malo oyenera opanga matendawa adapangidwa mkati mwa nyengo.
- Chernihiv-4. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera pagulu la kumapeto. Babu iliyonse imakhala ndi primordia 3-5. Nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi peronosporosis, pafupifupi konse - khosi zowola.
- Amber-29. Pa babu, 1-3 mluza. Mitundu yakucha ndi nyengo yapakati. Kukaniza kuzizira ndi kusachita bwino kwakhalidwe kumadziwika.
Anyezi ndi oyenera kwambiri kwa distillation pa amadyera, koma ichi sichiri cholinga chake chachikulu
Anyezi
Kupezekanso pansi pa mayina "Chitata", "mchenga", "chisanu". Ngati mungasankhe mitundu yosatha, nthenga zimatha kudulidwa katatu pachaka, pachinthu chimodzi - pachimodzi. Mumtunduwu, ndikofunikira kudula zimayambira ndi mabokosi ambewu, amachotsa chakudya chofunikira kuchokera ku nthenga, zokonda zawo zowawa kwambiri.
Ngati mukubzala anyezi-batun pamasamba, sankhani mitundu yosatha
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri:
- Epulo Oyambirira (masiku 102 mpaka 142) kalasi yayitali. Moyo wopindulitsa ndi zaka 5-7. Greens imalekerera kuzizira mpaka -10ºС. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Babu imodzi pachaka imapereka nthenga 40 (200-300 g).
Epulo - imodzi mw mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya anyezi-batun pakati pamaluwa aku Russia
- Baron. Mtundu woyambirira kwambiri, mbewu imatha kudulidwa m'mwezi umodzi ndikangophukira pang'ono. Zosiyanasiyana sizikhala ndi kutentha kochepa, kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mutabzala kumabweretsa zipatso za 3.5-4 kg ndi 1 m² pa nyengo. Chitetezo chokwanira pamulingo wokhazikika.
- Bahia Verde. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera pagulu lanyengo yapakati. Kudula kwa cholembera kumapitirirabe kuyambira kumapeto kwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira. Zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitundu yonse ya zowola ndi kuzizira. Zochulukitsa - 4.2 kg / m².
- Emerald. Wophatikiza wamba wa anyezi ndi ndodo zoyambirira kucha. Amadziwika ndi kukana kuzizira komanso kusakhazikika bwino, kuphatikizapo peronosporosis. Zotsatira - 3,2 kg / m².
- Chifundo. Mphesa zimatha kudula mwezi umodzi zikamera. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa nthawi yozizira. Kupanga - mpaka 3.5 kg / m². Chitetezo chokwanira pamulingo wokhazikika.
- Zima Russia. Pakati-nyengo (masiku 27-30), mitundu yosagwira kwambiri. Kupanga - 3,68 kg / m². Kusatetezeka sikoyipa.
- Seryozha. Kalasi yoyamba. Zochulukitsa - 2.8 kg / m². Kukana kuzizira kwamaluwa kumakupatsani mwayi wokukula mu Russia monse. Matenda sakonda.
- Kukula kwachi Russia. Gawo la pachaka. Zambiri (zoposa 4 kg / m²) zokolola chifukwa cha kukula kwa masamba. Ngati chilimwe chimakhala chozizira komanso chamvula, chimatha kudwala peronosporosis. Kukana kwazizira kwambiri.
Kukula kwa kukula kwa Russia kumakhala mokwanira mpaka dzinalo
- Zipilala. Kalasi yapakatikati (masiku 40). Kupanga - 5-5,5 kg / m². Zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus monga chikhalidwe. Koma kukana chisanu kumakupatsani mwayi wokukula pokhapokha pamafakitale m'malo obiriwira.
Kanema: anyezi-baton pa amadyera
Chives
Ndi wodula kapena liwiro. Kutalika kwa masamba sikokwanira kupitirira masentimita 50. Ndi ochepa kwambiri, ofanana ndi singano. Mitundu imakhala yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, yofewa komanso onunkhira. Zosiyanasiyana sizikhala ndi mababu akulu, koma zimaphukira bwino, zimakopa tizilombo toyambitsa mungu kumaloko. Ma chive ndi abwino kumera kunyumba.
Ma chive amabzalidwa osati kwa amadyera ndi mababu, komanso kukongoletsa malowa
Mitundu wamba:
- Bohemia Sizimataya mawonekedwe mutakula malo amodzi mpaka zaka 3-5. Wofunika mtengo wabwino, womwe umakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi nyengo. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyambirira, nthenga zimatha kudulidwa pakadutsa masabata 2 mpaka 2,5 mutamera kumera. Babu imodzi imapereka mpaka 200 g pa nyengo, yonse - mpaka 4 kg / m². Chitetezo cha m'thupi sichabwino, monganso kukana chisanu.
Anyezi Bohemia amabweretsa mbewu mosasamala kanthu momwe nyengo imaperekedwera malinga ndi chilimwe
- Prague Mmodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira. Zopanga mpaka 4.5-5 kg / m². Kulekerera kuzizira ndi kusakhazikika pamlingo wokhazikika.
- Khibinsky. Zosiyanasiyana ndizapakatikati, sizigwirizana ndi chisanu. Moyo wopindulitsa wa mmera umodzi wafika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Chitetezo kumatenda a fungal sichabwino. Pakatikati pazokolola - 3.5-4 kg / m²
- Siberia. Zosiyanazo zimakhala ndi nthawi yakucha ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuzizira kwambiri kwa chisanu ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Kupanga - 4 kg / m².
- Chomera cha uchi. Kuyambira zikamera mbande mpaka kudula kwachilengedwe, pafupifupi masiku 86-95 amadutsa (sing'anga mochedwa mitundu). Zokolola zonse za nyengoyi zimakhala mpaka 5 kg / m². Kuchokera ku matenda, chimfine ndi tizirombo nthawi zambiri sitimavutika.
- Mankhwala. Kuchokera pagulu lanyengo yapakati. Muli ndi phindu lochulukirapo (mpaka 600 g pa chomera chilichonse ndi 6.84 kg pa 1 m²). Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi downy mildew ngati nyengo yotentha imakonda kukula kwa bowa. Kukana chisanu sikungoyipa.
- Kasupe. Zimatenga masiku 25-30 kuti akhwimitse zipatso. Mitundu yoyambilira, yodziwika ndi kulekerera kwabwino komanso kusatetemera. Kupanga - mpaka 5-6 kg / m² pa nyengo.
Leek
Amatchedwanso ngale. M'mawonekedwe, nthenga zimakhala zosadziwika bwino kuchokera ku adyo. Kukomerako kumakhala kovutirapo, kotetemera. Zokolola zapakatikati ndi 2-3 kg / m². Zomera, monga lamulo, ndizitali komanso zamphamvu; mitunduyi siyabwino kwambiri kulimidwa pawindo.
Kuchuluka kwa michere ya mu leek kumakhazikika m'munsi mwa tsinde
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri:
- Columbus Chomera chilichonse chimapereka 400 g ya greenery. Matching kukula - 85-90 masiku (sing'anga koyambirira). Ntchito - 3,1 kg / m². Matenda sakonda.
- Vesta. Kalasi yoyamba. M'madera omwe kumatentha kwambiri komanso nyengo yowuma kwambiri, anyezi uyu adabzalidwe bwino m'malo obisalamo mbande kapena mbande zokhwima kale, ali ndi chisanu chochepa kwambiri. Kupanga - 5.7 kg / m². Kusatetezeka sikoyipa.
- Casimir. Mitundu ya nyengo ya Mid (masiku 200). Ndi zofunika kukula mbande. Ngati sichoncho, nditapulumuka nthawi yozizira, siyingavute. Kupanga - mpaka 5-6 kg / m². Chitetezo chokwanira ndi chabwino.
Casimir - imodzi mw mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya Russia leek
- Wopambana. Chimabzalidwa ngati mbewu pachaka komanso ngati osatha. Muli ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso kutentha kwazizira kokwanira, koyenera zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku 130-160. Ntchito - 3,4 kg / m².
- Alligator Mitundu yapakatikati-mochedwa (masiku a 180-200), a Urals ndi Siberia sioyenera, ngakhale atabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha (osapsa). Kukolola nthawi zambiri kumachitika kumayambiriro kasupe, nthawi yachisanu ikatha. Kukana chisanu kwa mitundu mitundu kumalola izi. Ntchito - 3,4 kg / m². Chitetezo chokwanira ndi chabwino.
- Njovu. Zosiyanasiyana zakucha zakucha. Zokolola zitha kudulidwa patatha masiku 180-200 mutabzala. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa chomera chimodzi mpaka 200 g, zokolola zonse zimakhala mpaka 4 kg / m², koma kokha ndi chisamaliro choyenera. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosagwira, zomwe sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda.
- Imakhala ndi mapiko. Imodzi mwabwino kwambiri yakucha-mitundu. Imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu. Kulemera kwazomera wamba mpaka 150 g, zokolola zonse ndi 3-3,5 kg / m².
- Tango Kwambiri bwino kuphatikiza kukoma kwambiri ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kukana kuzizira. Mitundu yokonzeka kudula masiku 150 mutabzala (nyengo yapakatikati). Kuchuluka kwa mbewu imodzi ndi 200-250 g, zokolola zonse zimakhala mpaka 4.5 kg / m². Chitetezo chokwanira pamulingo wokhazikika.
Bow Tango alibe zolakwika, koma amafunikira chisamaliro
Malovu
Umasiyana mosasamala kanthu. Mkhalidwe wamafuta ndi zokolola zimaposa anyezi.
Sabata amakondedwa ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha kusachita kwawo chidwi chochuluka komanso zipatso zambiri
Mitundu yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa:
- Ayrat. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera pagulu lanyengo yapakati. Zokolola wamba ndi 1.6 kg / m². Frost kukaniza ndi avareji, chitetezo chabwino.
- Bonnilla F1. Wophatikiza wa sing'anga kucha. Nthawi zambiri zimamera kuchokera ku mbewu chaka chilichonse. Mababu amapsa m'masiku 85-87, amadyera amatha kudula pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5. Kupanga - 1.5 kg / m². Kukana kuzizira ndi chitetezo chokwanira sizabwino.
- Dengu la Vitamini. Mitundu yoyambilira yoyambilira imakhala yofanana ndi nthenga mumapiri otentha nthawi yozizira komanso koyambirira kwamasika. Nthawi yakula ndi masiku 65-70, amadyera amatha kudula masiku 20 mutabzala. Frost kukana ndi ambiri, chitetezo chambiri sichabwino.
Dengu la Vitunguu Vitamini amatulutsa mbewu yobiriwira mwachangu kwambiri
- Ziwonetsero. Mitundu yakucha yakucha. Timayamikiridwa chifukwa cha zipatso zake zochulukirapo (zopitilira 2 kg / m²), chitetezo chokwanira komanso chisanu chazizira.
The mwayi wosakayika wa anyezi Cascade - zokolola zambiri
- Linga. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa chitetezo chazinthu zonse zowola komanso kukana kuwombera. Mwa kukhwima - sing'anga mochedwa, koyenera kubzala m'nyengo yozizira. Kukana kuzizira kumalola. Kupanga - mpaka 2 kg / m².
- Zojambula. Mitundu yakucha-sing'anga, yoyamikiridwa chifukwa cha chitetezo chabwino ku Fusarium ndi kupindika, zipatso zambiri (1.8-2 kg / m²). Nyengo yakula mpaka masiku 60. Chitetezo chokwanira ndi chabwino.
Wopanda anyezi
Izi zimatha kudziwika ndi masamba otambalala otulutsa fungo labwino la adyo. Amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kuwuma, kuzizira, ndi kupatsa kwakukulu. Malo otsekedwa amakula chaka chonse; m'mundamo, nyengo yamaluwa imatha ndikutentha kwa chisanu.
Anyezi oyenda amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi yayitali yomwe ikukula, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zipatso zambiri zitheke
Mitundu yotchuka:
- Green Giredi yapakatikati. Imasinthika bwino pamaulimi osiyanasiyana olimidwa, imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira cha peronosporosis ndi dzimbiri. Kupanga - 4-6 kg / m². Chomera chimodzi chimabweretsa mbewu kwa zaka 4-5. Kukana kuzizira kumalola kuti kuzizire mofatsa nyengo yotentha.
- Kalulu. Zochulukitsa mkati mwa nyengo ndi 3-3,5 kg / m². Pakati pa nyengo (masiku 38-42) nyengo yozizira-yolimba yokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira.
Onion Dwarf imawoneka yokongoletsa kwambiri
- Mtsogoleri. Giredi yapakatikati. Mphesa zitha kudulidwa katatu pa nyengo, nthawi iliyonse kulandira 2 kg kuchokera 1 m². Kukana chisanu ndikwabwino, sikumakhala ndi matenda.
- Chithumwa. Kupanga - 1.7 kg / m² pa chidutswa chilichonse. Zosiyanasiyana ndizapakatikati, sizigwirizana ndi chisanu, komanso chitetezo chokwanira.
- Belorussia. Kutalika kwakutali kochulukirapo, nthawi yopanga - mpaka zaka 7. Zosiyanasiyana zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kuthana kwambiri ndi chisanu komanso chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa kwapakati - mpaka 2 kg / m².
Bow Bow
Ndi Muiguputo kapena ku Canada. Dzinali loyamba lidachitika chifukwa limapanga mababu ang'onoang'ono amlengalenga. Zimaposa mitundu ina ya chikhalidwe potengera chisamaliro chosaneneka komanso zipatso. Mitundu yambiri ndi yoyambirira ndipo yamera kwambiri. Masamba ang'ono (40-45 cm kutalika), mawonekedwe a chitoliro. Nthawi zambiri, anyezi oterewa amabzalidwa kumapeto.
Anyezi wokhala ndi ma tinthu angapo amapanga mababu ang'onoang'ono pamalo a inflorescence
Mitundu yotchuka:
- Likova. Zosiyanazo ndizoyamba kucha, zimapereka zokolola zambiri (3.6 kg / m².) Ngakhale ndi kuwala pang'ono. Chobwezeretsa chachikulu ndi chikondi. Kukana kuzizira si koyipa.
Uta wa Likov nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto oopsa
- Chikumbukiro. Nyengo, amadyera amadulidwa katatu, kulandira nthenga 3 mpaka 3. Mitundu yoyambirira (masiku 24). Kusatetemera komanso kuzizira kozizira.
- Chelyabinsk. Zapsa zoyambirira (masiku 20). Pakuti nyengo imapereka 3 makilogalamu a greenery. Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga sizikhudzidwa nthawi zambiri.
Kubzala babu mu nthaka
Anyezi ndi osasamala kwambiri chisamaliro. Izi zimagwiranso ntchito pakukula. Koma tizikumbukira kuti mtundu wobzala zinthu ndiwo njira yake yamtsogolo yokolola yambiri.
Nthawi yoyenera
Pafupifupi, amadyera ambiri a anyezi amapsa masiku 15-20. Kuchokera pamenepa tiyenera kupitiriza, kudziwa nthawi yomwe ikubwera.
Kunyumba, nthawi zilibe kanthu konse, mababu atsopano amabzalidwa chaka chonse, ngati pakufunika. M'malo obiriwira, kubzala kumachitika nthawi yozizira (Okutobala-Epulo), nthawi yachisanu kufunafuna zitsamba zatsopano ndizapamwamba kwambiri.
Potseguka, nthawi yake imadalira dera lomwe amalimapo. Dothi lakuya masentimita 4-5 liyenera kutenthetsa mpaka pang'ono pa 6-8ºº. M'malo otentha, izi zimakonda kukhala theka loyamba la Meyi. M'nyengo yotentha, mababu atha kubzalidwe nthawi zina 2-3, kuwerengera nthawi kuti akhale ndi nthawi yodulira masamba asanayambe chisanu woyamba.
Ngati chikhalidwechi chikukula kuchokera ku mbewu, ngati chomera cha zaka ziwiri, chimafesedwa pabedi pakati pa chilimwe. Mitundu yatsopano imawonekera kwenikweni kuchokera pansi pa chipale chofewa, ikhoza kudulidwa mu Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Kukonzekera kama
Sankhani chikhalidwe chomwe chimayatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa ndikutchinjiriza ku mphepo. Mthunzi, nthenga zimatambasulidwa, zimayamba kucheperachepera, kusanduka utoto. Gawo lapansi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lololeka kupezeka mpweya ndi madzi. Omwe amatsogolera anyezi ndi Dzungu lililonse ndi Solanaceae, mitundu yonse ya kabichi.
Mukakumba, bedi lomwe lili pansi pa anyezi limatsukidwa namsongole, feteleza zonse zofunika zimayikidwa
Mukugwa, nthaka imakumbidwa, 3-4 l ya humus kapena kompositi yovunda, 20-25 g yosavuta superphosphate kapena potaziyamu sodium ndi 10-15 g ya feteleza wina uliwonse wa nayitrogeni amawonjezeredwa pa 1 m².
Humus - njira yachilengedwe yowonjezera chonde m'nthaka
Pakadutsa masiku atatu asanagwe, chimasulidwa ndi kumasulidwa. Zotsirizirazi ndizofunikira kuti mutafikira anyezi, gawo lapansi silikuyenda mopitirira.
Kukonzekeretsa kubzala
Chisankho chabwino pankhaniyi ndi mababu pafupifupi masentimita atatu, kulemera kwa 10-15 g. Amayenera kutsukidwa ndi masikelo owuma ndikusanjidwa, kutaya zitsanzo zonse ndi zomangika pang'ono, kukumbukiranso nkhungu kapena zowola, ma denti, ming'alu. Pafupifupi kukula kofanana ndikofunikira makamaka kuti anyezi atabzalidwe pamalonda obiriwira pamalonda - izi zimathandizira kudula nthenga nthawi yomweyo.
Mababu obzala amasankhidwa mosamala kwambiri - mbewu yamtsogolo imadalira
Gawo lofunika - disinfection. Pakuteteza matenda, mabatani osankhidwa amamizidwa kwa maola angapo mu mawonekedwe a pinki a potaziyamu permanganate. Njira ina ndi madzi amchere (supuni pa lita). Mutha kuwonjezera madontho ochepa a biostimulant iliyonse pa yankho (Epin, Heteroauxin, Kornevin, Immunocytophyte).
Potaziyamu permanganate yankho - imodzi mwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo
Matenda ofala omwe amatha kufafaniza nthenga ndi peronosporosis. Popewa, zinthu zodzala ziyenera kutenthetsedwa ndi kutentha kwa 40 ° C kwa maola 7-8.
Pofuna kupangitsa mababu kuti azipanga kukhala ndi udzu wobiriwira, gawo lalitali limadulidwa, ndikupereka kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa oksijeni ku maimelo a tsamba. Kupititsa patsogolo vutoli, amapangitsanso kutalika kwa 2-3 kwakutali kwa 1.5-2 mm.
Mukadula pamwamba pa babu, mutha kuyamba kudyera mwachangu kwambiri
Pazifukwa zomwezi, anyezi amatsanuliridwa mu gulu ndikuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda (30-35ºC). Kenako imakutidwa kwa masiku 4-6 ndi burlap kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimalola mpweya kuti udutse, koma osati zowala. Kutentha m'chipindacho kumakhala kosadukiza kuposa 25º than.
Njira zofotokozedwera pokonza zidula nthawi yodulira masamba ndi masiku 4-7 ndikuonjezera chonde ndi 60%.
Kanema: Kukonzekera mababu ndi kubzala pansi
Njira zingapo zolembera
Pali njira ziwiri zobzala anyezi:
- Matepi. Chodziwika kwa onse wamaluwa akugwira mu mizere. Pakati pa mababu oyandikana, kutengera kukula kwawo, kusiya masentimita 5-7, mzere kutalikirana - 12-20 cm. Mutabzala, mizereyo imakutidwa ndi dothi.
Pafupifupi onse olima masamba amalima anyezi ndi njira ya tepi pa chiwembu.
- Penti. Mababu amakhala pamwamba pa mabedi kwambiri momwe angathere, kumapeto-kumapeto. Pansi imakankhidwira pang'ono m'nthaka. Pamwamba amakutidwa ndi dothi ndi makulidwe osaposa masentimita 2-3. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imachitika mukabzala anyezi pa amadyera pamalo obiriwira. Babu imo ilibe mwayi woti ipange, michere yonse yomwe ilimo imapita ku nthenga. Mpaka 10-12 kg za kubzala zinthu zimadyedwa pa 1 m².
Kubzala anyezi modutsa mlatho kumalepheretsa kukula kwa mababu, ndikuwakakamiza kuti apereke michere yonse masamba
Mbewu za anyezi pa amadyera obzalidwa mizere yobzala mizere italiitali masentimita 30 mpaka 40. Bzalani kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, mbande zake ndizokuda kwambiri. Masamba oyamba akawonekera, adzafunika kuti adulidwe, ndikupanga ma cm atatu.
Mukakulitsa cholembera, kubzala mbewu ndikosowa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza kwake kokha ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri wobzala. Nthawi yokolola amayembekeza nthawi yayitali.
Kupeza masamba a anyezi ndi njira yayitali yokwanira
Kanema: anyezi wokula kuchokera ku mbewu
Kusintha kwazosamalira mbeu munyengo yamvula
Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, wokalimi amafunika:
- Kumasula pafupipafupi mabedi. Izi zimathandizira kusinthana kwazomwe zimachitika. Ziyenera kuchitika masiku 1-2 pambuyo kuthirira aliyense.
Kumasulira mabedi kumaphwanya kutumphuka kolimba panthaka
- Kupalira. Mizu ya anyezi imapangidwira, namsongole "amangoyendetsa" iyo, ndikuchotsa zofunikira.
Ngati simudula bedi ndi uta, simungathe kudikirira kukolola kokwanira
- Kuthirira. Ndikofunikira nthaka ikauma pakuya kwa masentimita 3-4. Pafupifupi, zipatso zoyambirira zisanakhwime, ndikofunikira kuchita kuthirira kwa 4-6 (kawiri pa sabata). Chinyontho chowonjezera chimavulaza pachikhalidwe - mababu amayamba kuvunda. Kuthirira bedi m'miyala.
Anyezi anamwetsa mizere m'mayendedwe
- Ntchito feteleza. Ndikofunika kuchita ndi zovala zachilengedwe. Zokwanira katatu nthawi yakula. Nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi kuthirira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma infusions atsopano manyowa am'madzi, ndowe za mbalame, masamba a nettle ndi dandelion, phulusa la nkhuni. Zonsezi zimapatsa mbewu ndi nayitrogeni, zimawalimbikitsa kuti azitha kupanga zipatso zobiriwira. Ndikofunika kudyetsa atadula nthenga zoyamba kupatsa mphamvu mbewuzo.
Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle - gwero lachilengedwe la nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous
- Limbanani ndi matenda ndi tizirombo. Ndikofunikanso kutero popanda mankhwala pano. Njira zabwino zopewera ndi ukadaulo waluso wazothupi. Kuteteza ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus, ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu pakadutsa masiku 7 ndi 7 ndikuthira dothi ndi njira za sopo phulusa, phulusa lamatabwa, fumbi lokhala ndi choko kapena sulufule ya colloidal. Tizirombo timachita mantha ndi ufa wa mpiru, tchipisi cha fodya, tsabola wamtunda womwazika pabedi lililonse.
Anyezi peronosporosis ndi amodzi mwa matenda oopsa pachikhalidwe
- Kuteteza chisanu. Mukabzala chisanachitike nyengo yachisanu kuchokera nthawi yophukira, bedi limakutidwa ndi chosanjikiza cha humus ndi makulidwe osachepera masentimita 5. Mu April, amachotsedwa. Patadutsa nthawi yozizira, imakhala yolimba ndi pulasitiki kapena chivundikiro chilichonse. Ngati mbewu yabzulidwa, pakugwa kwake pali nthenga zazitali. Pankhaniyi, anyezi amaphimbidwa ndi udzu kapena chisakanizo cha zinyenyeswazi za peat ndi utuchi.
Mitundu yambiri ya anyezi imakhala ngati yosagwira chisanu, komabe simuyenera kunyalanyaza mabedi a dzinja
Kanema: Malangizo Okukula Anyezi
Kututa ndi kusunga
Anyezi wobiriwira ali okonzeka kudula, pomwe kutalika kwa nthenga kakufika pafupifupi masentimita 30. Simungachedwetse kukolola - nthenga zimataya mawonekedwe ambiri (owuma, achikasu), ndipo kukoma kumakhalanso ndi vuto. Atangoyamba kutsamira pansi - inali nthawi yokwanira.
Kuti nthenga zipitirize kukula, zomwe zilipo zikuyenera kudulidwa pamwamba pa malo okuombera. Gwiritsani ntchito lumo lakuthwa kapena chofunda chaching'ono pa izi. Zida zotere zimayipitsa mbewu. Kunyumba, mutha kutsina nthenga zokhazokha pokhapokha ngati pakufunika, pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kufupi ndi pakati.
Ngati mumveketsa zochuluka za anyezi wobiriwira m'mundamo, mtundu wakewo umayamba kuwonongeka kwambiri
Mutha kusunga cholembera chatsopano kwa masabata awiri ndikuchiyika mufiriji. Simufunikanso kutsuka izi zisanachitike. Pali njira zina zosungira:
- M'mbale yagalasi. Nthenga zazing'ono zowuma zimayikidwa mumtsuko, zotsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi chivindikiro chake. Ngati sanatyole ndikugwedezeka, amadyera amakhalanso mwezi kwa mwezi umodzi. Chombocho chikuyenera kuchotsedwa pamalo ozizira. Kudzaza anyezi ndi mafuta a masamba, mudzakulitsa moyo wa alumali kwa masabata ena 4-6, koma mwanjira iyi sioyenera mbale zonse.
- M'thumba la pulasitiki. Nthenga zosasambitsidwa zimayikidwa m'thumba la saizi yoyenera, yomangidwa, mabowo angapo amapangidwira mpweya wabwino ndi mpeni kapena foloko. Sungani phukusi m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena chapansi.
- Mu pepala lakuda kapena chopukutira. Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito nyuzipepala - inki yosindikiza ili ndi lead. Nthenga zimatsukidwa, madziwo amakokedwa, wokutidwa pepala kapena nsalu, pang'ono pang'ono kuwaza kuchokera pamwamba ndi botolo lothira. Mtolo umakulungidwa mu cellophane ndikuuchotsa mu cellar kapena pantry.
Mu firiji, anyezi amasungidwa mu chipinda chapadera cha masamba ndi zipatso.
Anyezi wouma ndi wozizira amasungidwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri osataya zinthu zofunikira (motero, zaka ziwiri ndi chaka). Ithauma zouma zonse mwachilengedwe, ndipo mu uvuni, mu chowumitsa chapadera. Kuti amasula nthenga, muyenera kusankha bwino. Anyezi enanso amathira mchere ndi kuwiritsa mphamvu.
Musanayambe kuzizira, dulani anyezi wobiriwira - motero pamatenga malo ochepa
Nthenga Kukula Njira
Kulima panja si njira yokhayo yolimitsira zipatso za anyezi. Alimi aluso amabzala m'malo obzala mitengo. Palibe chovuta kupeza zitsamba kunyumba.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha
Njira yayikulu posankha mitunduyi pamenepa ndiopindulitsa. Kuti mupeze udzu wambiri wobiriwira pamalo obiriwira, nthaka yachonde ndiyofunikira. Pamwamba pake owazidwa ndi ufa wa dolomite kapena laimu woterera - izi zimalepheretsa nkhungu kukulira.
M'malo obiriwira osatentha, mababu amabzalidwa ndi njira yopangira malekezero kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, owazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha humus ndi peat zinyalala (wosanjikiza pafupifupi masentimita 5-6). Mulch amachotsedwa m'zaka khumi zapitazi za February. Anyezi amadzi ndi madzi ofunda, mabedi amalimba ndi pulasitiki wokutira mpaka mphukira kuwonekera.
M'malo obiriwira otentha, ndizosavuta kukhalabe ndi nthenga - anyezi amafunika kutentha kwa 17-20ºС masana ndi 13-15ºº usiku ndi kuwala kwa maola 12. Pomwe mphukira zoyambirira zikuwoneka, kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumakwezedwa mpaka 21-23 ° C, koma osatinso. Nthenga zimakula mwachangu kutentha, koma zimatambalala kwambiri.
Kukula anyezi wobiriwira mu wowonjezera kutentha kumatha kuchita zachuma pokhapokha pamakampani
Kuyika mizere kumawonjezeredwa ku zochitika zokhazikika zosamalira mbewu zobiriwira. Monga chovala pamwamba, mchere wapadera wa anyezi umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutsirira kumayimitsidwa kwathunthu masiku 4-5 masiku ake asanakadule amadula.
Kanema: anyezi pa amadyera mu wowonjezera kutentha
Pa hydroponics
Njirayi ndiyotchuka kwambiri ndi omwe amabzala masamba kuti azigulitsidwa, hydroponics imakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi nthenga chaka chonse ndikupulumutsa malo. Mbale zimayikidwa pang'onopang'ono mumiyala itatu.
Mababu obzalidwa m'mbale zapamwamba za ubweya wa mchere kapena mphasa, chisanakhazikitsidwe ndikuthiridwa ndi yankho la feteleza. Kutalikirana pakati pawo ndi pafupifupi masentimita awiri, kutalikirana kwa mzere ndi masentimita 3. Kuchokera pamwamba, amaphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa perlite kapena vermiculite 2-3 cm.
Kukula anyezi wobiriwira mu hydroponics, ndikofunikira kuti amupatse mawonekedwe abwino kapena oyandikira
Sabata yotsatira, kubzala kumafuna mthunzi ndi kuzizira. Mizu yomwe itakula ikangowoneka, maola masana amawonjezereka mpaka maola 12-14, kutentha kumakwezedwa mpaka 23-25 ° C. Nthenga zimafikira 25-30 cm pambuyo masiku 12-15. Nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti "gawo lapansi" limasungunuka pang'ono nthawi zonse, liwathira ndi yankho la feteleza.
Kanema: anyezi wobiriwira mu hydroponics
Kunyumba
Tekinoloje imakhala yodziwika bwino kwa aliyense. Babuyo imayikidwa pansi pansi kapu ya madzi kapena yobzalidwa mchidebe chokhala ndi mainchesi 70 cm. Gawo lililonse la mbande ndiloyenera. Mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito poto yakuya kuti muwonjezere zokolola. Asanatuluke, mababu amapereka kutentha (25-30ºС). Nthenga zikangokulira mpaka 1.5-2 masentimita, matenthedwe amafunika kutsitsidwa mpaka 20-23 ° C.
Kukula anyezi mu chidebe chimodzi ndikosavuta kuposa mumbale zingapo
Madzi mu tank osinthidwa tsiku lililonse la 2-3, gawo lapansi limathiriridwa kawiri pa sabata. Feteleza sichofunikira. Nthenga zonse zofunika zimapezedwa ndi babu yeniyeni, kudula masamba, amangoyitaya. Sichitali chodikirira kukolola - nthenga zoyambirira zimawonekera sabata limodzi kapena kale, zimafikira kutalika kofunikira m'masiku 8-12. Matanki azikhala kutali ndi ma radiator ndi zida zina zamagetsi. Kupanda kutero, nthaka imagwira mofulumira, nthenga zimakula bwino.
Ngati anyezi panyumba wakula m'madzi, onetsetsani kuti pansi sikukhudza nthaka, apo ayi, zowola zimayamba msanga
Mutha kusunga malo mwakukula anyezi wobiriwira m'mabotolo okhala ndi khosi lodulidwa. M'makoma a thanki 5-litre, mabowo angapo a 5-8 adadulidwa, mogwirizana mogwirizana ndi mababu. Amayikiridwa mkati, nthaka imathiridwa m'mabotolo, ikupuntha bwino. Kuthirira kubzala, kuponyera zida m'madzi.
Anyezi amakula bwino kunyumba komanso utuchi, amasunga chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali, amalola madzi okwanira 1-2 kuti afalitsidwe. Asanachotsedwe, amayenera kuti amisidwe ndi madzi otentha kapena kuwira kwa maola angapo mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate yophera matenda. Sawdust imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha: mutakolola, gawo lapansi limasinthiratu.
Kanema: anyezi wobiriwira wobiriwira pawindo
Mavuto okula
Anyezi ndi mbewu yopanda pake kuti asamalire, koma nthawi zambiri sizotheka kutola zochuluka zamasamba. Zimachitika kuti amawonongedwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, koma nthawi zambiri vuto ndilo kusankha kolakwika komwe amafikira kapena osasamalira.
Chikhalidwe pachikhalidwe sichimalekerera kuchuluka kwa nthaka m'nthaka komanso kuyandikira kwa udzu. Ngakhale kwa iye, kupezeka kwa sulufufufufufuvu kumakhala kofunika. Kupanda kutero, cholembera chimakhala chochepa, chopindika. Pokonzekera mabedi, ufa wa dolomite, potaziyamu sulfate, ammonium sulfate umalowetsedwa m'nthaka.
Kutsirira okwanira ndikofunikira kwambiri koyambirira. Kuwaza sikumayikidwa padera - izi nthawi zambiri zimakwiyitsa kukula kwa peronosporosis. Kudzala kwamadzi m'nthaka kumathandizira kuti pakhale zowola.
Nthenga zachikasu za anyezi zimatha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa chinyezi komanso kusowa kwa potaziyamu
Nthenga zosakhala zachilengedwe zimatsimikizira kuchepa kwa michere ina:
- Nitrogen Mthunzi wobiriwira kapena wopepuka wobiriwira, nthenga zoonda.
- Phosphorous Nthenga zobuluka ndikuyamba kuzimiririka pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kunenepa.
- Potaziyamu Nthenga zimapaka laimu kapena chikasu, ngati kuti zimapangidwa khungu.
- Magnesium Nthenga zokutidwa ndi malo oyera, zimasweka mosavuta.
- Mkuwa. Nthenga za mtundu wachikasu wachikasu zikagona pakama.
Palibe chovuta pa kukula kwa anyezi amadyera. Ngakhale wolima novice amalimbana ndi izi. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha mitundu yoyenera. Chikhalidwe sichikhala chopanda pake pochoka, kukonzekera kokweza sikutanthauza chilichonse chodabwitsa. Anyezi wobiriwira akhoza kulimidwa osati m'mundamo, komanso kunyumba. Amakulanso bwino mu greenhouse. Njira iliyonse imakhala ndi mfundo zina zomwe muyenera kuzidziwiratu pasadakhale.
