Mafuta a mandimu - kubzala ndi kusamalira mumphika

Thyme ndi chomera chamtundu wa Lamiaceae, kapena Labrette. Ena mwa "abale" ake ndi basil, rosemary, sage, timbewu, ndimu, mandimu. Anthu amachitcha udzu wa thyme kapena Bogorodskaya chifukwa ku Russia chinali chizolowezi chokongoletsa zifaniziro za Namwali ndi nthambi za chitsamba ichi. Zaka zaposachedwa, wamaluwa samachisonkhanitsa kuthengo, koma adadzala mandimu m'munda wa kanyumba.

Zosiyanasiyana za thyme

Thyme ndi chitsamba chosatha. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, mdziko lapansi muli mitundu yopitilira mazana awiri ya chinyama chamtundu wamtchire ndipo pafupifupi mazana anayi achifwamba. Thyme imagawidwa pafupifupi ku Europe, North America ndi Greenland. Pafupifupi mitundu mazana awiri a chitsambachi imamera m'dera la Russia.

Thyme m'dziko lanyumba

Chithokomiro chotchuka kwambiri mu mtunduwu chinali thyme citriodorus, chomwe chimadziwika kuti mandimu kapena mandimu chifukwa cha fungo labwino la mandimu okhala ndi zolemba zokhala ndi anise. Masamba ake ndi obiriwira obiriwira, ovoid kapena oval mawonekedwe, okhala ndi zoyera kapena pang'ono chikasu. Pa mtundu wamtunduwu wa masamba, mandimu a mandimu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Paligata, ndiko kuti, wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri.

Thyme "mandalaguchiguchi"

Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya mandimu a mandimu ogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa ndi maluwa okongola a m'munda ndi mitundu iyi:

• Bertram Anderson - chitsamba chokhala ndi masamba agolide;
• Orange ya zokometsera - imakhala ndi maluwa oyera owala ndi masamba akutali;
• Gold Edge - ili ndi fungo labwino ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika;
• Golden King - masamba ali ndi malire achikasu;
• Donna Valey - pali masamba ang'ono achikaso pam masamba amitundu iyi;
• Silver Queen (mfumukazi yasiliva) - imaluwa ndi utoto wofiirira-pinki, masamba ake ndi ang'ono, oyera siliva (omwe adapatsa dzinalo).

Mbiri ya Thyme

Zoyambira zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chithokomiro zotayika zimatayika mu nthawi yoyipa. Anthu achi Sumerian akale zaka 3,000 zapitazo BC. anagwiritsa ntchito thyme ngati antiseptic yamphamvu. Ku Egypt wakale, adawonjezeredwa njira pothira matembo; ku Greece wakale, amafukizira akachisi ndi nyumba kuti azithamangitsa mizimu yoipa. Aroma amatcha thyme thymus, otanthauzidwa kuti "zofukiza, zofukiza," akugogomezera za fungo lake lokhazikika.

Chifukwa cha zikhalidwe zake zambiri zothandiza, thyme adagonjetsa Europe wakale mzaka 11-12. Amatchulidwa muzocitika zonse zamankhwala, mfumukazi yolemekeza - mfumu nthawi zambiri idawonjezeredwa ku dzina lake. Amadziwika kuti anali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala wolimba mtima, komanso kutha kuchiritsa kuchokera kulumidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito kwa Thyme Masiku Ano

Mitundu ya Thyme pakalipano ikulimidwa m'maiko ambiri. Ogwiritsa ntchito a Thyme ali ndi chidwi ndi mbewu iyi pazikhalidwe zotsatirazi:

• ngati chakudya - monga zokometsera ndi zoteteza;
• zochizira ndi antiseptic ntchito;
• monga zopangira zida zogulitsa zodzikongoletsera;
• paukadaulo - kupanga mafuta ofunikira;
• ngati chomera chokongoletsera - m'mabedi amaluwa, m'minda, malo ambiri.

Zakudya zam'madzi

Pokaphika

Thyme mwakufuna kwanu kuphika kunyumba monga zokometsera:

1. Mphukira ndi masamba achichepere zimapatsa mbale zonunkhira zonunkhira bwino kwambiri. Masamba okhala ndi masamba kapena mphukira zazing'ono zimayikidwa mu sopo, masaladi, mbale zamasamba, pickles ndi ma pickles.
2. Nthawi zambiri, ophika amakonda kugwirira ntchito ndi matumba apamwamba a mandimu omwe angotuluka kumene, koma ngati izi sizingatheke, mungagwiritsenso ntchito chithokomiro chowuma. Supuni ya zonunkhira zouma idzasinthira bwino supuni ya chithokomiro chatsopano.

3. Thyme ndi yabwino kupakidwa mbale za nyama, makamaka zamafuta, zimayenda bwino ndi tchizi ndi tchizi cha kanyumba, komanso nkhuku ndi nsomba, kutsindika kukoma kwawo.

Zosungidwa

Thyme ndi mankhwala abwino achilengedwe osungidwa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera marinade ndi zowonjezera zakudya, zomwe ndizowonjezera moyo wa alumali wazinthu. Amayi ambiri a nyumba amawonjezera chithokomiro cha kununkhira kwa nkhaka ndi tomato - masamba atsopano a thyme amapatsa marinade kukoma kwapadera ndi kununkhira. Amalolera kugwiritsa ntchito masamba a mandimu wopanga ndimu - masamba ochepa atsopano amapatsa chakumwa chake kukoma kwapadera ndi kununkhira kwa ndimu.

Zodzola

Katundu wopindulitsa wa mafuta ofunika a thyme amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani azodzola. Mafuta a Thyme amawonjezeredwa ngati kununkhira kwa sopo yakuchimbudzi, milomo, mafuta, mankhwala opaka mano ndi mankhwala osamba. Mafuta ofunikira omwe ali mumasamba ndi zimayambira za thyme, kudzera m'matumba a khungu amalowetsedwa m'thupi, kuchiritsa.

Kuchiritsa katundu

Ma phytoncides a chomera ali ndi phindu pa thupi la munthu, chithokomiro chimapatsidwa mphamvu ya antibacterial ndi antispasmodic. Mankhwala achikhalidwe, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza:

• chimfine;
• matenda a mtima
• kupuma ndi mantha;
• kusowa tulo
• zilonda zam'mimba zam'mimba;
• kupweteka kwam'mimba.

Ilinso ndi diuretic ndi expectorant zotsatira. Tiyi yokhala ndi mtima wa chithokomiro, imasintha mamvekedwe, imachepetsa kutopa kwamasana. Pazakudya zamasiku onse, gwiritsani ntchito infusions ndi decoctions. Mchiritsi umatenga gawo la chomera chokha, makamaka limasiyidwa ndi mafuta. Mafutawo amapatsidwa mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri okhudzana ndi antimicrobial ndi antifungal, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja, amagwiritsidwa ntchito aromatherapy. Thyme imasungunula sputum ndikuthandizira kutsokomola mwachangu. Malinga ndi zochizira, mafuta amapikisana bwino ndi madzi amtengo wapatali komanso mapiritsi amtengo wapatali.

Kulowetsedwa kwa Thyme

Kusamalira Thupi Panyumba

Mitundu ya fungo la ndimu ya thyme, yotchedwa Aureus yaku Russia, ikuyamba kutchuka pakati pa okonda kuswana kunyumba. Chitsamba pachokha ndi chosazindikira, kubzala kwa chithokomiro chokhala ndi mandimu komanso kusamalira mitundu ya mandimu sikutanthauza kuyesetsa kwakukulu, mapindu ake ndiwodziwikiratu.

Thyme ndi chomera chosasinthika, chimakhala bwino m'malo abwino m'nyumba. Mizu ya chithokomiro ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri, motero imatha kumalidwa m'miphika yosaya.

Kulima kwa thyme panyumba sikutanthauza kuti mukhale osungika, sizovuta kuyisamalira. Thyme itabzala kale mumphika, chisamaliro chanyumba chimangofunika kutsatira malamulo ochepa osavuta onena za makonzedwe:

• pakufunika kutentha ndi chinyezi;
• kuyatsa kwathunthu;
• kuthirira koyenera ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa;
• zofunika dothi kapangidwe ndi pamwamba kuvala.

Kutentha ndi chinyezi

M'malo achilengedwe, thyme samakula m'malo owuma komanso otseguka, otentha kwambiri ndi dzuwa lotentha. Panthawi yolimidwa panyumba ya mbewu iyi, zokometsera zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:

1. Kutentha kwambiri ndi:

• nthawi yotentha - pamtunda kuchokera 18 mpaka 22 degrees, maximum - 25 degrees.;
• nthawi yozizira - kuyambira 6 mpaka 13 madigiri.

2. Thyme sifunanso makamaka pamlingo wazinyezi, 70-80% "amakhuta" kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mbale yamadzi imayikidwa pafupi ndi mphika wamaluwa kuti chinyezi chofufumuka chimathandizira kuti chinyontho chikhale chofunikira. Kuti muwoneke bwino m'chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti chomera nthawi zina chimafafaniza kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku ndi madzi kuchokera mfuti yofafanizira. Tchire lidzaphukanso.

Thyme mumphika

Kuwala

Thyme amakonda kwambiri dzuwa ndipo limamera m'mphepete mwa mapiri kapena potseguka potseguka dzuwa. Mnyumba mnyumba amayenera kupereka kuwala kwa tsiku kwa maola osachepera 6 patsiku. Kuperewera kwa kuwunikira kumalipiridwa ndi ma fitolamp apadera. Mthunzi, chomera chimafota, zimayambira zimatambasulidwa, fungo lake limatayika.

Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa

Thyme imasinthidwa kuti ikhale youma, kotero kuthirira pang'ono kumamukwanira:

• M'chilimwe - tsiku lililonse m'magawo ang'onoang'ono a madzi ofewa komanso otetezedwa bwino, kapena masiku atatu aliwonse;
• m'dzinja-nthawi yachisanu - kawiri pa sabata.

Popeza kuthira kwamadzi m'nthaka ndikosayenera kwa chithokomiro, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse.

Dothi komanso kuvala pamwamba

Thyme imakula bwino m'dothi losalala. Mukakulitsa thyme mumphika pawindo la nyumba, dothi lotsatirali limalimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale:

• kugula nthaka yamtundu "Chilichonse cha cacti" ndi kuphatikiza dothi lakuda malinga ndi 1/3;
• nthaka yosakanikirana ndi 1/3 ya mchenga wabwino;
• chisakanizo cha peat, dziko la turf ndi mchenga m'malo ofanana.

Thyme imatha kuchita popanda feteleza owonjezera, koma ngati idzaphatikizidwa kamodzi pamwezi ndi feteleza wamafuta, sizingavute. Mavalidwe apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi michere yaying'ono yam'mera-michere imangoyenera chomera chofooka.

Maluwa a mandimu otulutsa maluwa

Nthawi yamaluwa ya Thymus citriodorus imakhudza miyezi itatu yonse yachilimwe. Maluwa a mandimu ndi amitundu iwiri, yomwe corolla imadziwika ndi izi:

• mlomo wapamwamba, wokhala ndi mano awiri, wowerama;
• mlomo wapansi ndi waukulu, ndi mano atatu pamwamba, wokutidwa pang'ono.

Duwa la thyme-lachiberekero ziwiri

Maluwa a chomera ndi nondescript komanso ang'ono, atapakidwa pazithunzi zosiyanasiyana: kuchokera ku pinki yoyera mpaka violet, kutengera mitundu. Maluwa amatengedwa mosakanikirana pamakutu amphepo. Makapu a inflorescence ndi belu lopapatiza-lopangidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, timabowo tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mbewu zinayi zazipatso iliyonse timapezeka pamalo atazirala.

Kufalikira kwa Thyme ndi mbewu

Kubzala mbewu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuli kofunikira kupeza mbande ngati chomera. Momwe mungakulitsire thyme ndi rosemary kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba? Akatswiri azodzikongoletsa amalimbikitsa:

1. Ngati mukufuna chithokomiro kuti pachimake muchaka chodzala chotseguka, ndiye kuti:

• ndikofunikira kubzala mbewu kunyumba;
• nthawi yobzala yachedwa.

2. Ngati nthawi yoyambira maluwa siinakhwime, ndiye kuti kubzala kumachitika kumayambiriro kwamasika. Zisanamezedwe panthaka, mbande zimakhala ndi nthawi yokulira ndikukula, koma zimaphuka chaka chotsatira.

Kusankhidwa kwa dothi pobzala mbewu

Ndikofunika kukulitsa mbeu za chithokomiro mu dothi losakanizika ndi dothi lopangira kale. Kwa okonzeka dothi osakaniza wonjezerani magawo atatu a chernozem.

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito dothi lamtunda, zinthu zotsatirazi zimawonjezedwamo pang'ono:

• mchenga wabwino wamtsinje;
• phulusa;
• dothi lakuda lachonde.

Malangizo pakukula mbewu za thyme mumphika

Chomera monga chithokomiro, kubzala ndimu mumphika chimachitidwa molingana ndi algorithm yotsatira:

1. Poto wa maluwa kapena chidebe china chokhala ndi kutalika kosaposa 5 cm chimasankhidwa.

Miphika yodzala mbewu

2. Pansi pa mphika, timiyala tating'ono tating'ono ta masentimita atatu timayala, timene timayikidwa kuti ntchito yonyowetsa madzi. Dongo lokakulitsidwa, slate kapena njerwa yophwanyika imaloledwa. Dzenje lolowalo liyenera kuloleza madzi ochulukirapo kuti asadutse ndi dothi.
3. Zomwe zakonzedwa dothi zimathiridwa mumphika ndikuphatikizidwa.
4. Mbewu zobzala zimabzalidwa. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbeu za chithokomiro ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti kufesa mbewu m'nthaka imodzi nthawi imodzi ndizosatheka. Amagawanidwa moyenerera pamtunda wokutidwa ndikuwaza ndi dothi lapansi mpaka 1 cm.
5. Mbewu yoyamba isanawonekere, dziko lapansi limasungunuka nthawi ndi nthawi kuchokera pa mfuti yoluka, ndikuonetsetsa kuti dothi limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi kukula kwa thyme

Pakulima mbewu pansi pa nyumba, kutsatiridwa kwathunthu kwazinthu zomwe zimakula momwemo zimabadwa. Kulephera kutsatira izi kumabweretsa zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni za mbewuyo. Kwa chithokomiro chobzala, ndimu ndimu zimatha kutsatiridwa ndi zovuta zotsatirazi, zomwe zazikulu zake ndi:

1. Kupanda kuyatsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapesi amaluwa akakamizidwe kufikira. Masamba achitsamba amatembenuka. Kukongola kokongola kuthengo kumatha chifukwa chosowa masamba ambiri.
2. Kuthirira kwamadzi pamtunda, zomwe zimatsogolera kumatenda obzala.
3. Kusagwirizana ndi boma la kutentha. Kutentha kukatsika, thermophilic thyme imamwalira.

Matenda a thyme

Thyme imatha kutengeka ndi zovuta za fungal zomwe zimakhudza mlengalenga komanso mizu ya shrub.

Magawo a mlengalenga a thyme

Matenda ofala kwambiri a chithokomiro omwe amakula panthaka ya dimba ndiwo dzimbiri chifukwa cha dzimbiri. Dzimbiri limakhudza mbali zam'mlengalenga za chithokomiro: masamba ndi mphukira. M'tchire lomwe lili ndi matenda, njira ya photosynthesis imasokonekera, masamba amataya chinyezi, kukula kumachepa kwambiri. Ngati simukulimbana ndi matendawa, ndiye kuti mafangayi amafalikira kumera wonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume komanso kufa. Mbali yodziwika bwino ya dzimbiri ndi kupezeka kwa madera okhudzidwapo ndi mafinya owoneka bwino (ma tubercles-vesicles), momwe ma bowa-pathogen amapsa. Pakusweka zipolopolo kuchokera ku ma pustule, spores imamera mu chilengedwe. Kunja, amafanana ndi dzimbiri logawanika.

Thyme, ikukula m'malo okhala, sipakhala dzimbiri. Komabe, pali zochitika zina pomwe, mutayala khonde pafupi ndi chomera chathanzi chomera chodwala chomwe chimabwera kuchokera m'mundamo, kachilomboka kamafalikira.

Thyme

Njira ya Mizu ya Thyme

Mitundu ingapo khumi ndi iwiri ya bowa ndi causative othandizira a muzu wowola wa chithokomiro, Zotsatira zake ndi:

• kuvunda kwa mizu ya mbewu;
• kufota kwa mlengalenga ndi kufa kwina kwa mbewu.

Zowola muzu ndizowopsa kwa thyme yonse, yomwe imamera malo otseguka, komanso shrub yakunyumba, popeza kuwonjezereka kwa chinyezi ndi kutentha kupitilira madigiri 20-25 ndi malo abwino kwambiri kuti chitukuko ndi kubereka kwambiri kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Tizilombo ta Tiyme

Tizilombo ta m'munda sitingalole fungo la mandimu. Komabe chitsamba chofooka zowonongeka zimayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo zotsatirazi:

• Nsabwe za m'masamba kudya tsamba lamasamba;
• Mchenga wonyowa ukugwera pansi;
• Weewe, atagona mphuthu zamaluwa ndikudya masamba;
• Njenjete zodzala ndi mbozi zomwe zimadya tsamba la thyme;

Meyala njenjete

• Sipanga ya kangaude, yoluka ndi cobweb mbali zonse za chomera.Anthu omwe ali ndi mbewa zodzikongoletsa amatha kuthana ndi zitsamba zonse mwachangu.

Izi kuthengo lachiwoneka bwino. Mwa kuyeserera kwa wamaluwa, obereketsa, mitundu yambiri ya thyme idawonekera ndi mtundu woyambirira wa masamba ndi maluwa. Nthawi yomweyo, thyme yam'munda idasungiratu zofunikira zake, pokhala dokotala wanyumba, katswiri wazokongoletsa, komanso katswiri wazodzikongoletsa.