Colchicum ndimaluwa onenepa kwambiri ochokera ku banja la Colchicum. Mwachilengedwe, imakula ku Mediterranean, North Africa ndi Southeast Asia. Ngakhale maluwa a colchicum amafanana ndi nguluwe za masika, amatulutsa matchera, pomwe anthu ambiri okhala m'munda wamaluwa kale kufota. Pazifukwa izi, wamaluwa ambiri amasangalala mosakhazikika pamtengowo pamalopo. Mwa anthu amatha kupezeka pansi pa mayina "colchicum", "autumn crocus" kapena "autumn". Duwa limakula popanda kusamalidwa, komabe, mawonekedwe ena azinthu zomwe akuyenera kuphunziridwabe.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Colchicum ndimera anyezi osatha. Kutalika kwamasamba ndi masentimita 5-20. Gawo la nthaka limasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, limakhala ndi mphukira zaudzu zabwino. Chipilala chopanda mawonekedwe chimakhala ndi zonona, choyera, chofewa ndipo chimakutidwa ndi mamba akuda. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 3-5. Masamba ochepa opendekeka a mawonekedwe a lanceolate amawonekera kumayambiriro kwamasika. Amapaka utoto wonyezimira ndipo amapanga rosette wakuda. Kutalika kwa mbale yosalala ndi masentimita 20-30. Bokosi la mbewu limapezeka pakati pake. Mbeu zofiirira zimapangidwa kuchokera ku thumba losunga mazira chaka chatha. Zimacha kumapeto kwa Meyi, pambuyo pake bokosi limatsegulidwa ndipo mbewu zimanyamulidwa ndi mphepo.
Kutulutsa kwa mitundu yambiri ya colchicum kumayamba mu Seputembara. Ngakhale chisanu kapena chipale chofewa chomwe sichingachitike sichingakhale chotchinga. Bulb imodzi pakanthawi imatha kutulutsa maluwa angapo. Mitengo yopendekera yopanda maziko imamera mwachindunji kuchokera pansi. Kutalika kwa chomeracho komanso duwa limafikira masentimita 25. Kuposa theka kutalika kwake kumakhala kolimba ndi mawonekedwe agalasi. Maluwa akuluakulu onunkhira amakhala ndi ma lanceolate kapena ovoid petals. Kupaka utoto wamaluwa kumatha kukhala oyera-oyera, kirimu, pinki, wofiirira kapena wofiirira. Pali mitundu yokhala ndi ma corollas osavuta komanso a terry. Maluwa amatenga pafupifupi milungu itatu, kenako chomera chimadzaza.
Kalendala yazamoyo
Colchicum imagwiritsa ntchito njira zachilendo kwambiri. Amayikidwa ndimikhalidwe yachilengedwe cha malo achikhalidwe. Zomera zomwe zimatha kusintha miyoyo yawo kuzinthu zachilengedwe zimatchedwa "ephemeroids." Nyengo yozizira komanso youma, komanso yotentha yotentha, sizisangalatsa kukula kwa udzu.
Ndi kasupe thaw, colchicum imadzuka ndikutulutsa mphukira zobiriwira ndi masamba. Nthawi yomweyo, chipatso chimapezeka pomwe mbewu zake zimacha. Nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa masamba. Gawo lobiriwiralo limakhudzidwa ndi photosynthesis ndipo limakwaniritsa babu ndi michere ya chaka chamawa. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa Juni, zonse zimafalikira ndipo nthawi yopuma imayamba.
Kudzukanso kumachitika mu Seputembala. Mwadzidzidzi, maluwa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi fungo labwino amatuluka pansi pa masamba omwe adagwa. Amapitilira milungu iwiri. Kukula kwatsopano kumapangidwa mokwanira chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa chakudya mu babu. Mkati mwa babu ndi ovary, yomwe imakutidwa mosamala nthawi yonse yozizira. Pambuyo pa maluwa, colchicum imagonanso mpaka kumapeto.
Mitundu ya Colchicum
Pali mitundu yoposa 90 yolembedwa ya colchicum. Komabe, ndi ena okha a iwo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachikhalidwe. Mndandandawo umakwaniritsidwa ndi mitundu yokongoletsera ndi ma hybrids.
Colchicum ndi yophukira. Kutalika kwa mphukira za herbaceous kumafika masentimita 40. Masamba otambalala opakidwa utoto ndi utoto wowala. Ali ndi khungu lowala. Chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti, maluwa akulu amtundu woyera kapena wapinki amayamba kuwonekera. Dawo lawo limafikira 7 cm komanso kutalika kwa 10 cm.
- Roseum plemum - wokhala ndi maluwa a pinki;
- Choyera - chimapanga mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya mitundu itatu yoyera ndi chipale chofiirira;
- Terry - duwa, lalitali 12 cm ndi 5 cm, lili ndi mizere ingapo ya miyala yopyapyala yofiirira;
- Munda wa Bacon - wokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu ofiira.
Colchicum ndi yabwino kwambiri. Chapakatikati, tsinde mpaka 50 cm limayamba kuchokera pansi .. Imakutidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu. Tsamba lamasamba lomwe linali ndi mbali za wavy limakula kutalika kwa 30-30 cm.Ilifupi mwake ndi masentimita 6. Masamba amauma mu June, ndipo maluwa akuluakulu kwambiri a lilac kapena a pinki amawonekera mu Seputembala. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Huxley - maluwa achichepere amapaka utoto wapinki ndi wofiirira, koma pang'onopang'ono amakhala wofiirira;
- Premier - limamasula kumapeto kwa yophukira ndi maluwa owala kwambiri;
- Madzi kakombo - maluwa osiyanasiyana owala a pinki.
Colchicum ndi wokondwa. M'mwezi wa Marichi, masamba 4 obiriwira obiriwira amakula kuchokera ku babu wobiriwira wakuda. Pakatikati pa rosette ya masamba pali bokosi la mbewu losapangidwa ndi dzira lomwe lili ndi malata atatu otseguka. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita awiri 2. Mu Seputembala, maluwa atatu achiwongola kapena achi pinki amawonekera kuchokera ku babu. Kutalika kwa corolla ndi pafupifupi 4 cm.
Njira zolerera
Colchicum imafalitsidwa ndi njere, mababu a mwana wamkazi ndi corm kugawanika. Kubzala mbewu ndi koyenera kwa mitundu ya colchicum, popeza zilembo zosasungidwa sizisungidwa. Sizotheka kudikirira mbewu kuchokera ku mitundu ya terry konse. Zipolopolo za mbewu zakupsa zimayamba kuda. Ngakhale asanawululidwe, amadulidwa ndikuwumitsa pansi pa denga. Ndikofunika kuti mbewu zisadetse, chifukwa mwina zimamera kokha kwa zaka 2-3.
Kubzala kumachitika mu kugwa. Gwiritsani ntchito dothi labwino ndikuwonjezerapo dothi labwino, peat ndi mchenga. Chidebe chokhala ndi njere chimasungidwa pa kutentha kwa 0 ... + 12 ° C. Pakupita milungu ingapo, mizu yake imaphukira, ndipo mphukira zamtunda ziziwonekera kumayambiriro kwamasika. Masamba a mbande amapanga mphukira iliyonse, koma maluwa amawonekera pambuyo pa zaka 6-7. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri achinyamata colchicum zingabzalidwe poyera. Amayang'aniridwa ngati kuti ndi mbewu zokula.
Chaka chilichonse, nkhono za colchicum zimakhala zovunda chifukwa cha mababu aakazi. Popita nthawi, ambiri a iwo amakhala kuti maluwawo amayamba kufota kapena kufota konse. Chifukwa chake, zaka zosachepera zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, colchicum iyenera kuziika, ndikulekanitsa gawo la mababu a mwana wamkazi. Zabzala ndizakuya masentimita 30 mpaka 35. Pakati pa Julayi zimakumbidwa mosamala, zouma zambiri zadothi ndi zotsalira za mababu akale zimachotsedwa. Makala sangawonongeke. Zotsuka ndikutsukidwa mu potaziyamu permanganate zouma panja. Kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, mababu amabzalidwa panthaka. Ngati mulimbikira ndikubzala, maluwa adzayamba kuwonekera m'chipindacho.
Babu la colchicum yabwino kwambiri limapanga mphukira zingapo. M'nthawi yachilimwe, imatha kukumbidwa ndikugawana m'magawo angapo. Gawo lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi kupulumuka kwake. Delenki choviikidwa makala oponderezedwa ndikuwuma m'mpweya wabwino pamthunzi. Pambuyo pa masiku 3-5, anyezi odulidwa amabzalidwa m'nthaka mpaka akuya 12-18 cm.
Kukakamiza Kwambiri
Wofesa wazolowera amatha kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka colchicum ndikukwaniritsa maluwa panthawi yoyenera. Ndi anyezi akuluakulu okha, omwe amatha kucha omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazolinga izi. Zimakumba patatha nthawi yophukira, zouma mosamala ndikusungidwa mufiriji. Patatsala mwezi umodzi kuti maluwa atheretu, mababu amabzalidwa mumiphika ndi dothi lotayirira ndipo amathiriridwa madzi osamala. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi malo pamalo abwino (+ 10 ... + 15 ° C), pamtunda pang'ono. Ndikubwera kwa mphukira, miphika imasinthidwa kukhala chipinda chofunda komanso choyatsa bwino. Maluwa satenga nthawi yayitali. Komanso, maluwa ena amatenga ena.
Masamba onse atafota, mabulawo amatengedwa kupita nawo kukhonde labwino kapena kukumba m'mundamo ndi chidebe. Chapakatikati, amadzuka ndi maluwa owala. Pambuyo pa kupukusa kotero, mbewu sizimatha, monga mababu ena. Amapitilizabe kukula ngati nthawi zonse.
Nthawi ndi malo okhala
Nthawi yabwino kubzala ndi kufalitsa colchicum ndi Ogasiti. Babu nthawi ino imakhala ndi michere yokwanira ndipo imapuma. Colchicum ndikutsikira kumalo komwe ikamatera. Itha kukhala malo otseguka dzuwa kapena mthunzi wopepuka. Komabe, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti ibzale pansi pamitengo yokhala ndi korona wandiweyani. Kuperewera kwa mbeu sikuchita nawo gawo, koma pamthunzi, pamakhala malo onyowa ambiri ambiri amatha kukhala.
Maluwa amakula bwino panthaka yopanda chonde, koma amathanso kuzolowerana ndi dothi lina. Ngakhale katundu wolemera si vuto kwa iwo. Chinyezi chitha kukhalanso chilichonse. Chokhacho chomwe colchicum sichilekerera ndi malo osefukira, madambo. Mababu apakati ndi ang'onoang'ono amabzalidwa mpaka akuya masentimita 8 mpaka 12, ndipo okulirapo amakwiriridwa ndi 20-25 cm.Mphepete mwa chubu cholimba chomwe chimatuluka bulb iyenera kuyang'ana pamwamba. Popeza tchire limakula mosiyanasiyana, mtunda pakati pa kubzala uzikhala kuchokera 20 cm.
Asanabzike, timagundika tambiri timakumbidwa ndikugundidwa. Mullein ndi superphosphate tikulimbikitsidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, dziko lapansi lolemera limasakanizika ndi utuchi ndi peat.
Malamulo Akusamalira Zomera
Kusamalira colchicum ndikosavuta. Chomera chimakhala chosazindikira, ndipo nthawi yake yogwirira ntchito imayendetsedwa kale ndi nyengo yabwino. Pakatikati, nthaka ili ndi chinyezi kuchokera ku chisanu chosungunuka. Kuthirira colchicum sikofunikira. Komabe, akulimbikitsidwa kuti azilamulira chinyontho m'nthaka. Madzi akasefukira, mitsuko imapangidwa kuti ikamwe madziwo ndipo chipale chotsalayo chimachotsedwa. Ngati nyengo yadzuwa imayamba ndi maonekedwe a maluwa, ndikofunikira kuthirira colchicum ndi madzi pang'ono.
M'nyengo yamasika ndi nthawi yotentha, udzu umayenera kumachotsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo udzu umachotsedwa. Mu June, masamba owuma amadulidwa kuti dimba lokongola likhale lokongola. Njira imodzimodziyo imabwerezedwanso kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, maluwa atamalizidwa. Asanadulire, mphukira imayenera kukhala ndi nthawi kuti imalize.
M'dzinja, kompositi ndi masamba okugwa zimagawidwa pamalo obzala. Amakhala malo ogona nthawi yachisanu. Nyengo nyengo yotentha, colchicum imalekerera chisanu nthawi zambiri ngakhale chipale chofewa sichikhala.
Ndi kusefukira kwamvula kwanthawi zonse, mbewu zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi. Mawonetseredwe ocheperako amatha kuchotsedwa ndi chithandizo ndi fungicide ("Topaz", "Kuproksat", "Champion"). Mababu ndi masamba okoma ngati nkhono ndi ma slgs. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitimangotsatira. Wamaluwa amalepheretsa tiziromboti, kufalitsa mazira ndi phulusa.
Kuchiritsa katundu
Mababu ndi mbewu ya colchicum imakhala ndi ma alkaloids, shuga, flavonoids ndi mafuta ofunikira. Kukonzekera kwa iwo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowerengeka ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe monga painkiller, okodzetsa, mankhwala othandizira khansa ndi emetics. Ma alkaloids amathandizira kutsika kwa magazi ndikuthandizira kupewa kukula kwa zotupa za khansa.
Tisaiwale kuti mbali zonse za chomera ndizopweteka kwambiri. Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kukhala ndi poizoni wambiri, ndipo kupeza msuzi watsopano pakhungu kumayambitsa kutentha. Musanagwiritse ntchito potions kuchokera ku colchicum, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
