Kukula nkhaka m'mabotolo apulasitiki: zokuchititsani chidwi komanso zotsatira zabwino!

Kukula nkhaka mu botolo kumakuthandizani kuti muchite izi mochita bwino patsamba ndi kunyumba. Koma pali malamulo angapo okonza zakupangira mbewu ndi mbewu, komanso chisamaliro chomera, chomwe chiyenera kukhala chodziwika bwino kuti chitha kupatsa nkhaka nyengo yabwino yakukula ndi chitukuko.

Kulima nkhaka m'mabotolo okwana malita asanu kunyumba

Kubzala nkhaka m'mabotolo apulasitiki kumakhala ndi zabwino zambiri: zoyambirira, zotengera zoterezi ndizopangika ndipo ndizoyenera kuyika nyumba, chachiwiri, lapansi mu pulasitiki yowoneka bwino amawotchera bwino, zomwe zimakhudza bwino mizu yanu. Njira yake ndi yoyenera kukolola koyambirira. Koma pali zolakwika zina zazing'ono. Mabotolo, mosiyana ndi muli ndi makatoni, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi, ndiye kuti chaka chamawa mudzakumananso. Onaninso kuti botolo limodzi linapangidwira chomera chimodzi chokha, ndipo ngati mulibe malo okwanira pa khonde lanu, ndiye kuti siligwira ntchito kukulitsa tchire zambiri.

Kukonzekera kwa mbewu

Popeza kukula kwa nkhaka pa khonde pafupi ndi wowonjezera kutentha, nkhaka ziyenera kufesedwa mkati mwa Epulo. Amalangizidwanso kusankha mitundu yodzipukutira (April F1, Zozulya F1, Emelya F1, Matilda F1).

1. Mukuwotha. Kwa mwezi umodzi musanafesere, sungani mbewu pamalo otentha pa kutentha kwa + 25^zaC.
2. Chizindikiro. Konzani njira yowala ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate (sakanizani 1 g ya ufa ndi 200 g yamadzi) ndikuyika mbewu mmenemo kwa mphindi 20-25. Ndiye kuchotsa, nadzatsuka m'madzi oyera ndikuuma pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
3. Kuuluka. Ikani chovala chonyowa pansi pa chidebe kapena mbale, ikani njerezo ndikuphimba ndi nsalu yachiwiri yothira. Chotsani chovalacho pamalo otentha kwa masiku awiri, onetsetsani kuti nsaluyo siuma.

Kuonetsetsa kuti mbewu zimamera bwino, ziyenera kukonzedwa zisanafesedwe.

Ngati mudagula mbewu, phunzirani kusamala mosamala: ambiri opanga okha amatsatira chithandizo chofunikira cha mbewu ndikuwonetsa. Ngati mungapeze chizindikiro chotere, ndiye kuti zilowerereni.

Kufesa mbewu

Kuti mukule, mudzafunika mabotolo okwanira ma lita asanu. Mbewu za 3-5 zingabzalidwe mu botolo lirilonse, koma, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, muyenera kusiya 1 kuwombera mwamphamvu kwambiri. Mutha kuchotsa zikumera zosafunikira mukapangira timapepala totsimikizika 2-3 pa iwo.

1. Dulani pamwamba pa botolo 4-5 masentimita pansi pa "mapewa" ndikupanga mabowo pansi.
2. Thirani 4-5 masentimita am'madzi zonyowa (miyala yaying'ono, mazira, sphagnum moss, ndi zina).
3. Dzazani botolo ndi dothi, osafikira m'mphepete mwa masentimita 2-3. Mukhoza kutenga masamba osakanika opangidwa ndi masamba onse, koma m'pofunika kukonzekera dothi nokha: sakanizani dothi la dimba, kompositi, peat ndi utuchi pazofanana. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuwonjezera phulusa panthaka (0,3 tbsp. L / kg).
4. Nyowetsani nthaka ndikupanga mabowo akuya masentimita 3-5 mm.
5. Ikani pang'ono mmbewuzo 1 ndikuwaza.
6. Nyowetsani mbewuyo pang'ono ndi botolo lothira, chivundikirani ndi malo odulidwawo ndikukhala pamalo otentha, owala.
7. Mutha kusunthira mabotolo kukhonde pamene kutentha kwake kuli kofanana +22^zaC - +25^zaC.

Kuti mupange "greenhouse", muyenera kuchotsa pansi pa botolo kapena kupanga mabowo mkati mwake ndikudula pamwamba

Mutha kubzalanso mbeuzo m'mbale zosiyanasiyana, kenako ndikubzala mu botolo pomwe zikamera zikaphuka masamba enieni a 2-3.

Kuti mupeze mbande wamba ndikuyiyika panthaka pansi pa botolo, chitani zomwezo, koma zibzalani mumbale zodyera (makapu a peat ndiabwino) ndi voliyumu ya 150-200 ml, kenako ndikuphimba ndi filimu. Kufesa deti ndi pakati pa Epulo.

Vidiyo: Kukula nkhaka m'botolo

Chisamaliro chinanso

Kuti mupeze nkhaka bwino, ndikofunikira kuchita zingapo mosamala.

Kuthirira

Imachitika molingana ndi chiwembu chotsatira: thirirani ana ang'ono osakwana zaka 20 masiku 1 mu masiku awiri, nthawi isanafike maluwa - nthawi 1 mumasiku a 5-7, kenako masiku atatu aliwonse. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda okhaokha (otentha padzuwa). Zomera ziyenera kuthiriridwa pansi pamzu, kupewa chinyezi pamasamba. Mukathirira chilichonse, musaiwale kumasula dothi popewa kupindika komanso kuti mizu ikhale ndi mpweya wabwino.

Kuletsa

Yesani kupatsirana mbeu 2 pa tsiku kwa mphindi 10, kusunthira chivundikiro kapena filimu. Chotsanso condensate munthawi yake. Ndikotheka kuti chotsani chilichonse chophimba chikangotha.

Kuwala

Nkhaka ndizomera zomwe zimakonda kuwala, yesetsani kupeza malo okhala ndi kuwala kwabwino pa khonde lanu. Koma kumbukirani kuti kuwunika mwachindunji pakatentha kwambiri kumatha kuvulaza malo anu, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti musunthe.

Kupukuta

Ngati mwasankha mitundu yosadzipukusa nokha, muyenera kuchita izi nokha. Kuti muchite izi, yang'anani chitsamba mosamala ndikupeza maluwa achikazi (ali pa cholembedwa chobiriwira chochepa) ndi maluwa amphongo. Dulani kapena dulani duwa lachimuna mosamala ndikuchotsa ma petals onse kuti atsala okha, kenako ndikusesa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pamtunda wachikazi. Olima ena amachita zosavuta: amatenga mungu ndi thonje la thonje, kenako ndikusunthira kumalo oyenera.

Maluwa achikazi a nkhaka amapezeka pazisindikizo zazing'ono

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Popeza mbewu zanu zimakhala mumtunda wokhala ndi dothi locheperako ndipo chifukwa chake sangathe kupeza michere yambiri, afunika kudyetsedwa. Nthawi yonse yomwe mukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mizu 5 yovala chomera chanu:

1. Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa maluwa. Zosakaniza: urea (1 tsp) + superphosphate (1 tsp) + potaziyamu sulfate (1 tsp) + sodium humate (1 tbsp.) + Madzi (10 l).
2. Kudyetsa kwachiwiri kumachitika masiku 10-12 pambuyo oyamba. Kuphatikizika: potaziyamu sulfate (1 tsp.) + Sodium humate (m'malo mwake mutha kutenga kuphatikiza kwamankhwala abwino, Chonde, Unamwino - 2 tbsp.) + Madzi (10 l).
3. Chovala chachitatu komanso chotsatira chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chachiwiri, ndipo chimachitika nthawi imodzi m'masiku 10-12.

Musaiwale kuti ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zakudya zophatikiza ndi dothi lonyowa kale.

Kuphatikiza pa kuvala muzu, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo kumathandizanso kwa nkhaka:

• Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa maluwa. Zopangika: urea (1 tsp) + madzi (1 l).
• Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika kumayambiriro kwa zipatso. Zosakaniza: urea (1/3 tsp) + madzi (1 l).
• Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba chimachitika ndi kuchepa kwa zokolola. Zopangidwa: urea (1/4 tsp) + madzi (1 l).

Ma Bush mapangidwe

Ntchitoyi imaphatikizapo kugunda, kutsina ndi kutsina.

• Garter Kwa balconies ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito gululi yokhala ndi maselo akuluakulu, kuyiyika pafupi ndi mabotolo, kapena chingwe trellis. Kuti apange, chingwe chimakulungika molunjika pansi pa denga, kenako ndikumalumikiza zingwe zopindika (osayiwala kukonza kumapeto kwake, mwachitsanzo, pomangirira kwa msomali wokhazikika pamtunda kapena pofikira mosamala mtunda wokhotakhota pamtunda wa 15 cm kuchokera pamlingo wa dothi). Kutalika kwa maziko othandizira ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 m. Ndikofunika kumangirira pofika nthawi yomwe chomera chikafika 20 cm mulitali ndi tinyanga ndi masamba 7.
  

  Kunyumba, gululi yokhala ndi maselo akuluakulu itha kukhala ngati thandizo la nkhaka
• Kutsina ndi kutsina. Stepsoning ndi njira yochotsera njira za ofananira nawo (stepons). Njira zomwe zimapangidwa mu zolakwika za masamba a 5-6, kuwerengera pansi, zimayenera kuchotsedwa. Osazengereza pochita ntchitoyi: stepons iyenera kuchotsedwa mpaka kutalika kwake kusaposa 3-5 cm. Olimi odziwa bwino amalangizidwanso kuti athyole thumba losunga mazira lonse lomwe limapezeka m'machisa oyambira masamba atatu.

Ndikofunikira kuchotsa masitepe onse munthawi yake, apo ayi kuchuluka kwa zokolola kumachepa kwambiri

Mukamaliza kubereka, yambani kudina.

1. Pamutali wa 0,5 m, kudula zotupa kuti 1 ovary ndi masamba ochepa akhalepo.
2. Kutalika kwa 0,5-1 m, siyani mikwingwirima 3-4. Iliyonse mwa iyo payenera kukhala mazira awiri ndi timapepala zingapo. Chotsani kutalika kokwanira.
3. Osachotsa mphukira pa 0,5 m wotsatira, koma aduleni kotero kuti mazira 3-4 ndi masamba ochepa atsalira pa iliyonse.
4. Pamutali wa 1.5 m, kudula mphukira yapakati kuti muchepetse kukula kwake.

Kupanikizana ndi gawo lofunikira popanga chitsamba chamanthu

Kututa

Monga lamulo wamba, mutha kutola nkhaka pamigawo yosiyanasiyana yakucha kwawo - izi nzoona kwa malo otseguka komanso otetezedwa. Kunyumba, kupeza zochulukazo ndizovuta, chifukwa chake sankhani momwe mudzagwiritsira ntchito pambuyo pake, ndikusankha nkhaka zikafika kukula komwe mukufuna.

• Za saladi zatsopano ndi mchere - zipatso zomwe zafika kutalika kwa 10 cm kapena kupitilira apo.
• Pofesa - zipatso zomwe zafika kutalika kwa 8-10 cm, nthawi zina 3-4 cm.

Ndikwabwino kuphatikiza nkhaka m'mawa kapena madzulo (akukhulupirira kuti ndi nthawi iyi kuti msipu ndiwowonjezera kwambiri komanso wolimba), kudula tsinde mosamala kuti musawononge phokoso. Monga lamulo, amakolola nthawi 1 m'masiku awiri. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti musanyalanyaze mawuwo, chifukwa pamenepa zipatsozo zimachepa (khungu limatulutsa, kupindika kumawonekera, ndi zina) ndipo kuchuluka kwa mazira atsopano kumachepa, chifukwa chomera chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakukula kwa zipatso zopangidwa kale. Kunyumba, ndizovuta kuti musazindikire Zelentsy, koma ndikofunikira kuti muzitchera khutu ku mphukira zomwe zimakhala m'malo osavomerezeka (mwachitsanzo, pansi pa denga).

Kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki pakukula nkhaka pabwalo

Kuti mupeze nkhaka zofunikira pa kukula, ndikofunikira kuti muzifikira osati kubzala kokha, komanso kusankha ndi kukonza malowo.

Kukonzekera kwa tsamba

Kuti mukhale ndi nkhaka, ndibwino kusankha malo okhala ndi dothi lamchenga kapena dothi louma, madzi apansi panthaka akuyenera kutalika kwa 1.5 mita Ngati mukufuna kubzala nkhaka pabedi, ndiye yesani kunyamula malo pomwe pali dzuwa. Mukabzala nkhaka, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuganizira momwe kasinthidwe kazomera: mbewu iyi imakula bwino pomwe mbatata, phwetekere, anyezi, kabichi ndi manyowa obiriwira (nyemba, clover, rye, mpiru, ndi zina). dzungu (dzungu, chivwende, sikwashi, squash) ndi osafunika.

Ndikwabwino kukonza tsambalo m'thaka, koma limaloledwa mumwaka, pafupifupi masabata atatu musanabzale. Pachifukwachi, onjezani zinthu zakachilengedwe pokumba (manyowa, manyowa kapena humus) - 6-8 kg / m² ndi mchere wama mineral - ammonium nitrate (15 g / m²) + superphosphate (40 g / m²) + phulusa (200 g / m²) kapena mchere wa potaziyamu (25 g / m²).

Musanadzalemo nkhaka, dothi lomwe lili pakama liyenera kusintha

Ngati pali chosoweka, ndiye kuti masiku 10 - 12 dothi lisasinthe ndikuwonjezera dothi powonjezera laimu yosenda (200-300 g / m²) kapena ufa wa dolomite (350-400 g / m²).

Zizindikiro za dothi lokhala ndi acid ndi kuchuluka kwa moss kapena mahatchi, zolembera zowoneka bwino ndi madzi osalala mumayenje.

Ngati mwakonza bedi m'dzinja, kenako ndikumbe ndikumasula musanabzala, kenako ndikupanga kama. Ngati mwaphatikiza feteleza m'nthaka, ndiye kuti sikungakhale kosavuta kukumba malowo ndi pitchfork, ndikumasula, kenako ndikupanga kama.

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki mukadzala nkhaka

Monga lamulo, mphukira zimabzalidwa m'nthaka zaka 20-25, ndiye kuti kumapeto kwa Meyi. Pakadali pano, akuyenera kukhala ndi timapepala totsimikizika 3-4. Kuphatikiza pa malire a nthawi, lingalirani za dothi: ngati simunayendetse bwino dothi, ndiye mutabzala, onjezani 0,5-0.7 kg wa humus kapena kompositi ndi chikho cha phulusa cha 1/5 pansi pa dzenjelo, ndi 0.15-0 mpaka pansi pa dzenjelo. 2 kg ya organics ndi 2 tbsp. l phulusa ndi moisten.

Kutambalala ndi botolo

1. M'dothi lokonzedwa, ikani dzenje lalikulu kuti botolo limalowa. Dziwani kuti dothi lomwe lili m'botolo liyenera kukhala lofanana ndi nthaka pabedi.
2. Chotsani pansi pa botolo mosamala ndikuyika mu dzenje lake.
3. Dzazani malo opanda kanthu pakati pa khoma la dzenjelo ndi makoma a botolo ndi nthaka kuti ipangitse kukhazikika.
4. Pofinyira mbewu pansi pazu.

Pambuyo pake kuti zisakhale zovuta kudula pansi, wamaluwa ambiri amapangira mabatani awiri olondola mu khoma lililonse la mabotolo, mabowo 2-3 kutalika kwa 1.5-2 masentimita kuchokera pansi, kenako ndikutsanulira zinthu ndi dothi.

Woyenerera mumphepete mwa pulasitiki

Poterepa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbande zakonzedwa mosiyanasiyana.

• M'mitsime yokonzedwa, ikani zikumera ndi mtanda wa dziko kapena chikho cha peat.
• Kuwaza ndi dothi ndi madzi.
• Chotsani kumtunda kwa botolo m'mapewa kapena masentimita 2-3 pansi ndi pansi.
• Ikani mkombero wozungulira mozungulira ndikuwukankhira 3-5 masentimita pansi.
• Ikani zikumeta pansi pa chophimba.

Chingwe cha pulasitiki chimatiteteza ku tizirombo.

Wamaluwa odziwa kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo kulima nkhaka amati pulawo la pulasitiki limathandizira kuteteza mbewu ku chimbalangondo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa namsongole mwachidziwikire kuthengo, ndikusunga madzi m'mene kuthirira, chifukwa madziwo adzakhala mkati mwa mpanda, osafalikira pamwamba.

Cap yoyenera

Ngati mulibe mwayi wopereka mphukira ndi malo osakhalitsa masiku oyambira 5 mutabzala, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "bwino" odulidwa. Olima ena amakonda mtundu waukulu wa "wowonjezera kutentha" ndikuchotsa pansi pamabotolo.

1. M'mitsime yokonzedwa, ikani zikumera ndi mtanda wa dziko kapena chikho cha peat.
2. Kuwaza ndi dothi ndi madzi.
3. Sanjani mosamala ndikutulutsa ndi kapu, ndikukankha m'mphepete mwake masentimita atatu mpaka pansi. Kumbukiraninso kuchotsa chophimba.

Mabotolo okwanira lita zisanu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ogona kwakanthawi.

Kanema: momwe mungabzitsire nkhaka pansi pa hood

Zosamalidwa

Njira zosamalirira zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zalimbikitsidwa pakukula kwa nyumba, koma pali zinthu zingapo:

• M'malo sodium humate, pakudya koyamba, gwiritsani ntchito zitosi za nkhuku (gawo limodzi mwa magawo 15 amadzi), wachiwiri ndi wotsatira - mullein (gawo limodzi la magawo 6 pamadzi 6).
• Ngati mukukula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kukonza mapulani mpweya wabwino pambuyo kuthirira.
• Musaiwale mulch kubzala. Sawdust kapena udzu wowazidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa masentimita 5 umakwanitsidwa ndicholinga ichi. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mulch wosanjikiza muyenera kusinthidwa.
• Sambani bedi pafupipafupi.
• Sungani zokolola pamalo abwino, amdima. Ngati pakufunika kuphimba, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito burlap kapena nsalu ya thonje, osati filimu.

Monga mukuwonera, kuyika nkhaka m'mabotolo sichinthu chovuta, ndipo mutha kupirira nazo ngakhale mutakhala kuti simudziwa. Gwirani ntchito yonse pa nthawi yake ndipo musanyalanyaze chisamaliro cha mbewu zanu, ndipo mudzatha kukolola bwino kunyumba ndi m'munda.