Msuzi wa Nordman ndi chomera chokongoletsera chomwe mungakongoletse choyipa chilichonse. Kuti muthe kukongoletsa chiwembu chanu ndi mtengo wokongolawu, pansipa tidzakuuzani zambiri za Nordman fir komanso za kubzala ndi kusamalira.
Firitsi ya Nordman: kufotokoza
Fir Nordman, kapena Caucasus ndi mtengo wa coniferous, umene unayamba kudziwika ndi Alexander von Nordman, yemwe amamupatsa ulemu komanso dzina lake. Chomeracho ndi chiwerengero cha mitengo yobiriwira yomwe imatha kukula kufikira 60, ndipo nthawi zina mpaka mamita 80 m'kukwera (tikukamba za chilengedwe cha kukula).
Ngati mukufuna kudzala pa siteti yanu ya Nordman, mvetserani kufotokoza kwake:
- korona wa mtengo umadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a khunyu, omwe amatha kufika mamita 2-3;
- mtengo wa mtengo uli wandiweyani; pansi pa zochitika zachilengedwe zimatha kufika mamita awiri;
- mtundu ndi makonzedwe a makungwawo amasintha malingana ndi msinkhu wa mtengo - ali wamng'ono kwambiri ndi yosalala imvi-bulauni, amayamba kukanganuka mu okhwima kwambiri ndipo amakhala mdima wandiweyani;
- Nthambi pa thunthu zimakhala zazikulu;
- mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala ndi kuwala kobiriwira ndi chikasu chowala, chokongoletsedwa ndi singano zazing'ono ndi zofiira;
- nthambi zazikuluzikulu zili ndi nsapato zobiriwira zakuda, zonyezimira pamwamba ndi zochepa pansipa;
- kutalika kwa singano kumatha kufika masentimita 4; pamene akhuthudwa, fungo la pine lopweteka kwambiri limamveka, lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mafuta ambiri mu singano;
- mtengo waukulu umaphuka chaka chilichonse (April-May oyambirira), wokhala ndi maluwa ndi abambo; Maluwa amphongo amaperekedwa ngati spikelets ali ndi ubweya wofiirira tinge, ndipo maluwa azimayi amaimiridwa ndi ndolo zobiriwira, zomwe zimapangidwa makamaka pamwamba pa korona;
- Zipatso zazikulu zimapanga masentimita 20 m'litali ngati zipatso; Amapitiriza nthambi pambali, ali ndi mwendo wawfupi; makoswe aang'ono amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, pokonzekera kusasitsa, amakhala obiriwira kwambiri ndi owopsa;
- mizu ingakhale yosiyana malingana ndi momwe nthaka imakhalira: ngati dothi lili lofewa, mizu imalowa mkati muzu, ngati dongo ndi miyala - imafalikira pafupi.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, fano la Nordman limagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko a ku Ulaya monga Mtengo Watsopano wa Chaka Chatsopano.
Pomwe nyengo ikukula bwino, firasi ya Caucasus imatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi 700. Ndizodabwitsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa mtengowo kumawoneka mosasamala za msinkhu.
Mitundu yowonjezera yafriji yobiriwira imakhalanso ndi basamu ndi Korea. Kuphatikiza pa kukongoletsera, fir imachiritsa machiritso.
Mitundu yayikulu
Mtengo uli mitundu yambiri, pakati pa zomwe mungasankhe kukongola kwambiri kwa inu:
- 'Kufalitsa Golden'. Mitsinje yamadzi, yomwe imakula pang'ono. Kwa zaka 10 za kukula kwachangu, mtengo umatha kutambasula kuposa mita imodzi. Chiwerengero chomwecho chifikira korona wake. Zisoti za zosiyanazi ndizochepa - ndi 2 masentimita m'litali, zokhala ndi golide-chikasu kumtunda ndi chikasu choyera m'munsimu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapangidwira kulima kumadera akum'mwera kwa Ukraine, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kulenga miyala.
- 'Jadwiga'. Mitundu imeneyi ndi yosakanizidwa, mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zikukula mwamsanga komanso korona wandiweyani ndi singano zobiriwira zakuda. Mtengo wokwanira wotentha.
- 'Pendula'. Komabe mtengo waukulu, ngakhale uli ndi pang'onopang'ono kukula kwake. Amapanga korona wamphumphu, wokhala ndi nthambi zowonongeka zokhala ndi zitsulo zobiriwira zobiriwira. Izi zimakhala zovuta ku malo olima - zimalimbikitsa kubzala kutetezedwa ku malo omwe ali ndi chinyezi. Zikuwoneka bwino m'madera ang'onoang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Zinthu zachilengedwe za ku Northman zimayambira ku Caucasus lonse, ku Turkey komanso m'mayiko a Middle East. Mtengo uwu ukhoza kupanga nkhalango zakuda, pafupi ndi beech.
Zimene muyenera kudziwa zokhudza kubzala mbewu
Maloto a Circasian fir pa dacha ndi otheka mosasamala kanthu za maonekedwe a nyumba yako yachilimwe, monga kukula kwa mtengo uwu ndi wodzichepetsa. Mulimonsemo, mungathe kukhazikitsanso bwino kukula kwa mbeu yanu yomwe mumaikonda.
Kusankha malo okhala
Firasiya ya Caucasus ndi mtengo womwe umayambitsa ziwembu kumtunda wa mamita 1200 pamwamba pa nyanja. Choncho, zimasonyeza kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha m'madera otsika, omwe sichifunika kwambiri kukongoletsa. Mbali yaikulu (kupatulapo mitundu ina) ndikumatha kukula mwakuya mumdima ndi malo owala bwino. Mtengo uwu suwopa ngakhale mphepo yamkuntho, koma imakonda malo ndi mkulu chinyezi.
Ndi nthaka yotani yomwe ikufunika kuti ikule bwino
Faucasian fir Nordman amakonda nthaka yathanzi yokhala ndi feteleza zamchere. Chomera chimakhala choyenera kwambiri chodzala, komabe kukula kwa mtengo kumatchulidwanso podzala dothi lolemera kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa amatha kufalikira ndi mbewu zowonongeka, chifukwa njira zamasamba zimadziwonetsera zokhazokha. Cuttings silingathe kukhazikika kapena kuyika mizu ndi zovuta zambiri. Mbali za mbewu, kucha kwake kumachitika kumapeto kwa October - kumayambiriro kwa November. Nkhumba zokha zomwe zimachoka pamatope otsegulidwa zimaonedwa kuti ndi okhwima.
Malamulo obwera
Popeza firusiya ya Caucasus imabereka mbewu zokha, imakhala yayitali 1.5-2 miyezi isanadzalemo. Pochita izi, mbeuyi imayikidwa m'nthaka yomwe idakonzedweratu mumtsuko ndikusiya mufiriji kapena pansi. Pambuyo pake, kumapeto kwa mbeu zimamera mukutentha, ndipo mbande zimatulutsidwa m'zinthu zazikulu. Kawirikawiri chomeracho chimakula miphika kwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo zitatha izo zimaikidwa mu nthaka yotseguka. Izi ndi chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa mbande zazing'ono zomwe zingathe kufa pansi pa zovuta zilizonse.
Pafupi ndi firitsi, mungathe kubzala: spruce, larch, phiri phulusa, Thunberg barberry, thuja, pine, juniper.
Poganizira zochitika zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndikulimbikitsanso kuti mufesetse mitengoyi pamtengowu ngati mawonekedwe omwe anapezedwa kumera. Pachifukwachi, dzenje limakonzedwa ndi masentimita 80 ndi lalikulu masentimita 60. Ndikoyenera kuti uwonjezere madzi osanjikizidwa ku kuya kwakukulu, komwe kuli kovomerezeka pamene mubzala chomera (miyala yojambulidwa kapena miyala). Kuti mupange kusintha kwabwino ndi kukula kwa mtengo, konzekerani nthaka kusakaniza muyeso yeniyeni:
- mchenga - 14.5%;
- humus - 14.5%;
- dongo - 28%;
- peat - 42%.
Zosamalira
Mankhwala a Nordman sali ovuta kuti asamalire, komabe, malingana ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zikukula, zikufunikanso kusamalidwa.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa zomera
Mankhwala a Nordman akukula amafunika kuthirira ndi kuthirira feteleza nthawi ndi nthawi, yomwe imachitika pokhapokha nthawi ya kukula kwa mtengo. Kuthirira kumapangidwira kokha mitengo yaing'ono, mitengo yokhwima sitingathe kuthirira konse, chifukwa mizu yawo imatha kupereka mitengo yayikulu ndi chinyezi. Pazokongoletsera, amayamba kuchitika kokha kuchokera pa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera mutabzala. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito madzi okonzekera kuti feteleza apange feteleza.
Ndikofunikira! Fircasian fir imatha kuteteza kutentha. Mtengo wa m'badwo wa pakati umalekerera mosavuta chisanu mpaka -30 °C, ndipo ali ndi zaka, izi zimangowonjezera. Koma pano achinyamata saplings amaopa chisanu, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa mosamala kuphimba iwo m'nyengo yozizira.
Kusamalira dothi
Mitengo yaying'ono yafiritsi imakhala yovuta kwambiri kumbali ya namsongole, choncho ndikofunikira kuti mtengo wa mitengo wa mitengo ukhale wangwiro. Pofuna kukhalabe nthawi yayitali, ndibwino kuti nthawi zonse muzitha kuzungulira nthaka kuzungulira dziko la Caucasus, pogwiritsa ntchito utuchi wovunda pa cholinga chimenechi.
Kudulira
Mankhwala a Nordman ambiri safuna kudulira. Komabe, ngati mukufuna kupanga mtengo wokongoletsera, kudulira kumakhala kovomerezeka. Kufunika kwa izo kumachitika pofanana ndi mitengo yakale, yomwe masamba ambiri owuma amawonekera. Kuti asasokoneze maonekedwe a mtengo - nthambi ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala ndi macheka, osayiwala kukonza malo odulidwawo. 
Matenda a Zomera ndi Tizilombo
Firusiya ya Caucasus imalephera kuwononga tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, koma mchere wambiri umatha kuwakopera. Pansi pa zikhalidwe zosayenera (nyengo si yabwino, nthaka kapena feteleza okwanira) matenda ena amatha kukhudza mtengo uwu. Tidziwa bwino mavuto a Nordman mwatsatanetsatane.
- ngati zisoti zikuyamba kufota ndi madontho a uchi akuwonekera pazimenezi - mwinamwake firiti anakhudzidwa ndi chishango chonyenga, chomwe chingathandize kuthetsa misampha yomwe imagwidwa ndi guluu;
- zipilala ndi mabala achikasu pazitsulo - chizindikiro chotsimikizirika cha kangaude, chimene sichitha kuchotsa pamtengo waukulu; Firitsi yachitsulo imalimbikitsidwa kuti iipiritsidwe ndi dandelion ndi adyo infusions;
- chovala choyera pa singano za fir nthawi zambiri chimachoka ku Hermes, chomwe chimangokhala ndi tizilombo tokha kumathandiza kumenyana;
- Fir moth ndi yoopsa kwambiri pa singano za mtengo, choncho agulugufe ake amafunika kuwonongeka ndi kukonzekera kwachilengedwe, ndi masika onse kukumba nthaka kuzungulira thunthu la mafiritsi kuti awononge mphutsi.
Ndikofunikira! Chipinda cha Nordman chimafika m'malo mochedwa. Kawirikawiri nthawi ino imayenera kuyembekezera chimodzi kapena makumi awiri. Mofulumira, njirayi imayamba mu mitundu yambiri ya mtengo uwu.
Tikukhulupirira kuti simudzakhalanso ndi funso ngati firiti ingabzalidwe pa chiwembu ndikusamalira. Ganizirani kokha kuti ndi chinyezi chokwanira, mphukira ndi singano pamtengo zikhoza kuuma, choncho sankhani kubzala pa tsamba lanu malo osiyanasiyana a Caucasus omwe amawunikira kwambiri.
