Kulima mabulosi: Njira zaulimi, chisamaliro cha mbewu ndi mitundu wamba

Mabulosi (mtengo wa mabulosi, apa, mabulosi, tyutina) ndi chikhalidwe chotchuka ndi silika wodziwika bwino Wachichaina, wopangidwa kale kuchokera ku ulusi wake, komanso zipatso zokoma zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika. Kwa zaka zambiri, zovuta zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikukula ndikukusamalira zachepetsa kugawa kwa mabulosi wamaluwa.

Mbiri yakulima

Mtengo wa mabulosi poyambilira udakula ku China, India ndi Japan, koma udalimidwa kokha ku China. Chikhalidwe chidakhala chamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha ulusi wake, kuchokera pomwe silika wotchuka wa ku China adapangidwa pambuyo pake.

Malinga ndi nthano, Xi Lungchi, mfumukazi ya ku China, ndiye woyamba kupanga ulusi wamalanje womwe umateteza mbozi za silkworm. Popeza sanawafotokozere, mayi wachifumu adadzipangira chovala.

Kwawo kwa mabulosi - nkhalango zokulirapo za China

Ku Russia, kubzala woyamba wa mabulosi kudakhala pansi pa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, bambo a Peter I. Mwanayo anapitiliza kuchita izi: Peter Ndinaletsa kudulidwa kwa mtengo wa mabulosi ndikumapanga dala mabulosi a mabulosi. Pakadali pano, mtengo wa mabulosi umabzalidwanso ntchito yopanga silika, koma m'malo azotentha amabzala zipatso zabwino zochiritsa.

Mabulosi - osati chokoma, komanso mabulosi athanzi

Amuna ndi akazi mulanje

Mabulosi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe oimira ake onse amakhala okongola komanso okhudzana. Mitundu ya michere imayimilidwa ndi mbeu zazimuna ndi zazikazi, ndipo kutipeze mbewu, mitundu yonseyi iyenera kukhalapo pamalowo.

Akazi a mabulosi inflorescence ndi "mabatani" owonda

Momwe mungasiyanitsire chomera chachimuna ndi chachikazi:

1. Fruiting. Njira yotsimikizirayi imatanthawuza kuyembekezera kwakutali kwa zipatso (zaka 4-5), zomwe ndi zina mwazabwino zake. Zipatso zimangomangidwa pazachikazi zokha. Zachidziwikire, njirayi ndiyodalirika, chifukwa mungu ungakhale ukusowa kuti chomera chachikazi chizipatsa zipatso.
2. Kapangidwe ka inflorescences. Njira yake ndi yodalirika kwambiri, koma imafunikira chidziwitso chochepa cha botanical kapena kuwonera. Ma inflorescence achikazi ndi "agogo" owoneka ngati mbewa, pomwe m'maluwa aliwonse mumakhala mitengo yamaso komanso masamba awiri. Male inflorescence akuchepa pang'ono ndi kumasuka kwambiri.

Makina amtundu wa abulosi amakhala otayirira, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.

Pazomera zamitundu iwiri, munthu amatha kuwona zonse inflorescence zazimuna ndi zazikazi.

Pofuna kuthamanga njira yodziwira "jenda" ya mabulosi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigule mbewu zaka zitatu, pomwe panali kale ana oyamba.

Mabulosi okhutira ndi mbewu zina

Mtengo wa mabulosi "umalekerera" oyandikana nawo okha ndi abale. Chifukwa chake, mitundu ndi mitundu yokhayo yomwe ingabzalidwe pafupi ndi mabulosi pofuna kupewa zoletsa zina.

Omwe alimi ena amati mabulosi sagwirizana ndi walnuts ndi mtedza wa Manchurian, koma zimagwirizana bwino ndi mphesa.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya mabulosi

Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mabulosi ndi yakuda, yoyera komanso yofiira.

Mabulosi akuda

Mtengowo poyamba unakula ku Iran ndi Afghanistan. Kutalika kwa chomera kufika mpaka 15 m, korona wayala. Masamba amakhala otambalala, ooneka bwino, mpaka 20cm m'litali, mpaka 15 cm. Mbali yakumtambaku imakhala yovuta, pansi pamakhala kupindika pang'ono. Zipatso ndizakuda, zotsekemera-zonunkhira, zonyezimira, mpaka 3 cm. Mtunduwu suthana ndi chilala, koma umakonda kutentha kwambiri, mosiyana ndi mabulosi oyera kapena ofiira.

Zipatso za mabulosi akuda ndizazikulu, zojambulidwa zakuda.

Mitundu ya mabulosi akuda

Otsatirawa amatchulidwa kuti ndi mitundu yotchuka ya mabulosi akuda:

• Remontant - mawonekedwe amtundu wa mabulosi, omwe amatha kukhala okulirapo mumbale;
• Shelley No. 150 - mabulosi akuluakulu okhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, zipatso 5.5 masentimita. Masamba amatha kutalika ndi masentimita 50 ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita maluwa;
• Royal ndi mitundu yayikulu-kakang'ono yomwe zipatso zake zimafika masentimita 3. Zimalekerera kuumba bwino. Amalimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda;
• Kalonga wakuda ndi wamkulu-zipatso, zipatso kuchokera 4-5 cm kutalika. Zosiyanasiyana ndizodziwika chifukwa cha kukana chisanu;
• Ngale ngale - mtundu wodziyesa bwino, wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri (zipatso mpaka 5.5 cm). Zipatso zoyambirira zipsa mu June, koma osasungika bwino pamtengo, zimagwa mwachangu;
• Zipatso-4 - yaying'ono (mpaka 5 m) yayikulu-mitundu-yosiyanasiyana. Zovuta pazitali;
• Chiyembekezo - zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika chifukwa cha zipatso zake mwachangu (chaka chachiwiri chaulimi), komanso zipatso zambiri.

Mabulosi oyera

Mtengowu umachokera ku China, kuyambira 13 mpaka 18 m, ndi korona wowala. Makungwa pa mphukira zachinyamata ndi obiriwira kapena obiriwira. Masamba amakhala osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana komanso kukula. Zipatso za mabulosi oyera zimawoneka kuti ndizabwino kwambiri. Mtundu wa zipatso umatha kukhala wonyezimira, wachikasu, wakuda. Dzinalo limapezeka chifukwa cha mtengo wowala. Mabulosi oyera amayenera kulimbana ndi nyengo zoyipa (mwachitsanzo, amakula bwino mumzinda), chisanu cha chisanu, komanso kukonza pang'ono.

Mitunduyi idatchedwa dzina la khungwa lowala, ndipo zipatso za mabulosi oyera zimatha kupakidwa utoto wachikasu, pinki wosalala kapena pafupifupi wakuda.

Zosiyanasiyana za mabulosi oyera

Mabulosi oyera amayimiriridwa ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri, chifukwa idalowetsedwa kuchokera ku Asia asanafike mabulosi abiri ndi akuda. Zokongoletsa zamitundu yoyera ya mabulosi:

• Kukulira - mawonekedwe osakhazikika (mpaka 5 m), korona amakhala ndi nthambi zoonda;
• Pyramidal - yodziwika ndi korona wopapatiza mpaka ma 8 m kutalika ndi masamba opindika;
• Spherical - mawonekedwe otsika, korona wake omwe ndi ozungulira mawonekedwe, wandiweyani;
• Wopindika supuni - mawonekedwewo amakula ngati mtengo wolungamitsidwa kwambiri mpaka 5 m, zipatso zomwe zimacha msanga. Alandila dzina la masamba owombedwa ndi midrib;
• Yaikulu-leaved - mabulosi a masamba a mabulosi pamodzi ndi petiole amafika masentimita 22;
• Masamba opukutidwa - mawonekedwe otsika, masamba omwe amagawanika kukhala lobes, ena pang'ono concave;
• Golide - masamba achichepere ndi mphukira ali ndi mawonekedwe a golide;
• Chitata - wobala pang'onopang'ono wobiriwira wokhala ndi zipatso zambiri zowonjezera nthawi yozizira komanso masamba angapo.

Zipatso zamitundu yoyera ya mabulosi:

• Uchi Woyera - mtengo wamtali, zipatso zoyera, mpaka 3 cm;
• Msungwana wakhungu lakhungu - zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu, komanso kukolola kwakukulu, zipatso zakuda 3.5cm;
• Kukoma mtima koyera - mitundu yambiri yololera, mbewu za zipatso zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala, kutalika kwa zipatso 5 cm;
• Luganochka - mitundu yambiri yodziwika ndi zokolola zambiri, zipatso zokhala ndi kirimu mpaka 5.5 cm;
• Black Baroness ndi mtundu woyamba kucha wokhala ndi zipatso zotsekemera, kutalika kwake kumafikira 3.5 cm. Amalimbana ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri;
• Staromoskovskaya - mabulosi okhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira korona ndi zipatso zakuda;
• Ukrainskaya-6 ndi mtundu woyambirira wabwino wololera womwe zipatso zake ndi zakuda bii kutalika kwa 4 ndikuyamba kutalika.

Red mabulosi

Zomera zidatengedwa kuchokera ku North America. Mitundu imadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri chilala, kukana kuzizira komanso zofunikira zochepa pakukula. Kutalika kwa mabulosi ofiira kumafikira 10-20 m, korona amakhala wozungulira, khungwa limakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni. Amayenda mpaka 12 cm, dzira lopangidwa ndi mazira ndi chiwonetsero chazitali, pang'ono koyipa kukhudza. Kunja kwa pepalali kumakutidwa ndi kuwala. Zipatsozi ndizofiyira zakuda (pafupifupi zakuda), zosaphika kwambiri, mpaka 3 cm, kulawa zokoma ndi wowawasa, zakunja zikufanana ndi mabulosi akuda.

Ndizachilendo kwambiri kuti mabulosi ofiira amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yowoneka bwino yomwe sikutanthauza kuti amuna kapena akazi anzawo azibala zipatso.

Zipatso za mabulosi ofiira amapaka utoto wa maroon, pafupifupi wakuda.

Zosiyanasiyana za mabulosi ofiira

Mitundu yotchuka ya mabulosi ofiira ndi:

• Vladimirskaya ndi mitundu yodzala yokha yomwe imatha kubzala ngati chitsamba chifukwa cha mapangidwe achangu a mphukira yam'munsi mwa tsinde. Woyendetsa wapakati akadula, amakula ngati mawonekedwe a kulira;
• Felt - mawonekedwe okongoletsa omwe masamba ake pansi pake amaphimbidwa ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yozizira.

Kubzala mabulosi

Monga mbewu ina iliyonse yazipatso, mtengo wa mabulosi ungabzalidwe mu nthawi ya masika (mu Epulo) mmera usanasiye chigwa chake kapena kugwa (mu Seputembala - Okutobala) chisanu chisanayambe.

Zofunika m'malo mwabzala mabulosi:

1. Malo abwino.
2. Kuteteza mphepo.
3. Dothi lonyowa pang'ono osalowerera ndale.
4. Kuzama kwa madzi apansi ndi osachepera 1.5 m.

Dzenje lodzala mtengo ukukonzekera masabata osachepera awiri lisanafike tsiku lobzala. Kukula kwapakati: 0.5x0.5x0.5 m. Ngati kubzala kwa masika kuyembekezeka, tikulimbikitsidwa kukonzekera kudzala maenje mu kugwa, ndikuwadzaza ndi chophatikizira chonde.

Ngati ndi kotheka, manyowa dothi (losakaniza masentimita 5-7 a manyowa owola ndi 100 g ya superphosphate pa mmera), kukula kwa dzenje. Feteleza kumapeto kwa dzenje kumakutidwa ndi dothi loteteza mizu kuti isawonongeke. Mu dothi lolemera lomwe limakonda kuchita madzi, timalimbikitsidwa kuthira madzi kuchokera kumabwato osweka kapena miyala pansi pa dzenjelo.

Mukabzala, kuti mukulitse chisanu

Musanabzalire, kuthandizira kumakumba mu dzenje kuti mbewuyo imangirire. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, mmera umayikidwa mu dzenje, ndikugawa mizu mosamala mbali yonse ya mpando. Pang'onopang'ono kugona, chomera chaching'ono chimagwedezeka mosavuta kuti voids asakhale m'nthaka. Dzenje lonse litadzazidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa, ndowa zamadzi zimathiridwa mumng'alu ndipo dothi limayatsidwa kuti lisaume.

Chikhalidwe kuphatikizira

Pankhani ya kufalikira kwa mabulosi, wamaluwa sagwirizana: wina akunena kuti chomeracho sichimalola kuti chikagwiritsidwe, pomwe ena, m'malo mwake, amati chikhalidwecho chimakhala chodzikuza kwambiri. Kuyika nthawi ndikusemphananso.

Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, ndikofunikira kuti muzitha mitengo ina yaying'ono momwe mungathere. Mtengo umakumbidwa ndi mtanda wapansi, kuyesera kupulumutsa mizu yayikulu. Kuyika kumalo ena kumachitika nthawi ya masika isanayambike kuyamwa, ndipo kugwa masabata awiri chisanu chisanachitike, kuti mtengo ukhale ndi mizu.

Kanema: Kuyika mabulosi

Njira zokulitsira mabulosi

Mtengo wa mabulosi umafalitsa zonse ndi njere ndi masanjidwe, kutanthauza kuti, wopendekera kapena wobiriwira odulidwa, muzu ana, kumalumikiza, kugawa.

Njira yofalitsira mbewu

Mu theka lachiwiri la Okutobala, zipatso za chaka chino zamera zamkati. Zilowerere mu yankho la chopukusira chokula (mwachitsanzo, Zircon) kwa maola 1-2.

Mbeu zazing'ono za mabulosi ziyenera kupendedwa bwino

Ndikabzala kumene kwa kasupe, mbeu ziyenera kubalulidwa kwa miyezi 1-2 - chifukwa chake, mbewuzo zimayikidwa mufiriji. Ngati, pazifukwa zina, stratification isanachitike, mbewu ziyenera kusungidwa m'madzi oundana kwa maola 24 musanafese, ndikatha kuchuluka kwa madziwo kutentha kwa 50ºC.

Kufesa mbewu:

1. Mabedi omwe amakonzedwa m'malo dzuwa amawaza ndi njira yothira feteleza zipatso ndi mabulosi.
2. Mbewu zofesedwa akuya masentimita 3-5.
3. Mundawo ndi wamadzi ndipo umakutidwa ndi mulch. Pakudzala yophukira, mulch wosanjikiza imakulitsidwa kuti isazizidwe mbewu.
4. Kusamalira mbande zonse za mabulosi kumatanthauza kuthirira panthawi yake ndi kuvala pamwamba, kutchera zitunda mu namsongole.
5. Pofika nthawi yophukira, mbande ikakhala yolimba mokwanira, imakhala pansi motalikirana ndi 3-5 m kapena m'malo awo osatha.

M'chaka cha 5-6, mbande imalowa mu nthawi ya zipatso.

Zomera zomwe zimamera pamimba nthawi zambiri sizimalandira zakumwa zonse za mai

Chimodzi mwazinthu zakukula kwa mbeu ndikuti mbande sizingatengere chomera chilichonse chomera, ndichifukwa chake zotengera zotere zimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu.

Njira zofalitsira zamasamba

Kubelekedwa ndi gawo la chomera kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndipo kumakupatsani mwayi kuti musunge zisonyezo zonse zoyambirira za mbewu ya mwana wamkazi.

Kufalikira ndi kudula

Kufalitsa ndi odulidwa ndi njira yowononga nthawi. Kwa iye, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo abwino m'malo obisalirapo: kukhazikitsa zomera zamtoto. Kuphatikiza apo, mwanjira imeneyi mizu yoyesa yokha ya mabulosi ingafalikire. Mabulosi obadwa kuchokera kumadulidwe amalandira mikhalidwe ya mayi chomera.

1. Zodulidwa zobiriwira. Munthawi ya kukula kwambiri (June-Julayi), odulidwa a 15-20 cm kutalika kwa masamba a 2 ndi odulidwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusiya masamba awiri pamanja, kudula pakati. Mu wowonjezera kutentha wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yachonde pamtunda wa 45 °, ndikukulitsa ndi masentimita 3. Kubzala pamalo otseguka kumachitika kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa, pomwe mbande zimapeza mizu yolimba ndikukula.
2. Zodulidwa zodulidwa zimadulidwa munthawi imodzimodzi ndi zobiriwira. Dongosolo lomwe amalima ndikubzala amasungidwanso. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kudulidwe kobiriwira ndi njira yayitali yozika mizu.

Kufalikira kwa ana

Zomera zambiri zimatha kupanga mphukira ngati mbewa yayikulu itawonongeka - njirayi imathandiza mbewu kuti isafe. Mizu yolimba ya mabulosi ikupatsani mwayi kuti mukule mwatsopano chifukwa chomwalirayo. Achibale owonjezera angadulidwe ndikuchotsa kapena, kukumba pamodzi ndi mizu ndikufupikitsidwa ndi 1/3, wobzalidwa ngati mbande. Mitengo ya mabulosi yotalikitsidwa motere imalandira zizindikiritso za zakumwa za mayi.

Katemera

Mwambiri, mabulosi amatha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi njira zonse zomwe zikupezeka, koma kuyerekezera kumawoneka kosavuta kwambiri komanso kopambana kwambiri - katemera wodulidwa ndi wodulidwa. Njira yokopera palokha ndi yamitundu iwiri:

1. Kubwereza kosavuta. Chitsa ndi scion ya makulidwe omwewo amapanikizika: pa chitsa ndi scion kumezanitsa, pangani zigawo zolemekezeka pakati pa masamba awiri ofanana ndi ma diameter anayi a stock / scion. Pambuyo pake, magawo amaphatikizidwa, ndipo malo ojambulira amamangidwa ndi zinthu zina zotanuka (mwachitsanzo, gulu ladzuwa).
2. Kubwezeretsa bwino. Pa magawo a masheya ndi scion, mabango amadulidwa: kubwezeretsa 1/3 kuchokera pamphepete mwa kudula ndikupanga kudula mpaka pakati pa odulidwa pamtunda ndikukwera. Kenako malilimewa amaphatikizidwa komanso kumangirizidwa mwamphamvu ndi riboni.
   

   Kukopa koyendetsedwa kumafunikira kuti wolimayo akhale ndi maluso ophatikiza mitengo

Kusamalira mabulosi

Chinsinsi cha chomera cholimba komanso kukolola kochulukirapo sikuti ndi njira yoyenera yobzala kapena katemera, komanso chisamaliro choyenera.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Mabulosi amafunika kuthiriridwa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka Julayi, makamaka nyengo yadzuwa, madziwo akatha. Pakagwa mvula, mtengo wa mabulosi samathiriridwa, chifukwa chikhalidwecho sichimalola kufota ngati dothi. Chapakatikati, chomeracho chimadyetsedwa makamaka ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndipo nthawi yotentha - potashi ndi phosphate.

Kudulira

Mabulosi, monga mbewu ina iliyonse, amakongoletsedwa pokhapokha matalala: athunthu kapena pang'ono. Kudulira kochepa kwambiri kumakhala mu Epulo-Meyi koyambirira, mpaka masamba atatseguka ndikuyamba kutuluka kwayamba. Munthawi imeneyi, anti-ukalamba ndi kupanga mawonekedwe okonzedwa kumachitika. Kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika m'dzinja, kumapeto kwa nyengo yomera, pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikunatsike kuposa -10ºC. Kenako chotsani nthambi zonse zowonongeka kapena zodwala zomwe zikufunika kuti ziwotchedwe.

Mtundu uliwonse wa mabulosi uli ndi zake, choncho muyenera kuyandikira kudulira payekha.Chifukwa chake, pokongoletsa mabulosi, ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo ndikulira, ndikumangotchera korona ndikufupikitsa mphukira.

Kanema: Kudulira mabulosi

Tizilombo ndi Matenda a Mabulosi

Mabulosi sakhala okhathamira ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, koma chisamaliro chosayenera, kudulira, nyengo yanthete imatha kufooketsa mbewuyo, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale pangozi.

Kupewa matenda

Pofuna kuteteza mabulosi mu nyengo yotsatira ku tizilombo ndi matenda, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichite mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides ndi tizirombo ta mbewu ndi nthaka pansi pake. Ndondomeko ikuchitika musanaphuke mu kasupe (mu Epulo) komanso kumapeto kwa nyengo yakula (mu Okutobala). 3% yankho la Bordeaux madzi kapena Nitrafen imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chapakatikati, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la 7% la urea, lomwe silidzangowononga tizirombo tomwe takhala tikuwononga ming'alu yamakungwa ndi masamba adagwa, komanso ngati feteleza wa nayitrogeni wofunikira panthawiyi.

Matenda ndi maulamuliro

Matenda otsatirawa ndiofala kwambiri:

• powdery hlobo ndi matenda ochokera ku fungal. Amawonekera kunja pamasamba ndi mphukira mwa mawonekedwe a kuyera kwoyera. Kufalikira kwa matendawa kumathandizira nyengo yanyontho komanso korona wonyezimira kwambiri. Monga prophylaxis, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa masamba agwa ndikudula nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa mu kugwa. Chomera chodwala chimathandizidwa ndi yankho la colloidal sulfure, Fundazole kapena Bordeaux fluid;
• tsamba lofiirira (cylindrosporiosis) ndi nthenda ya fungus yomwe imawoneka pamasamba ofanana ndi mawanga ofiira a lilac okhala ndi malire opepuka, masamba omwe akukhudzidwa nawo pang'ono ndi pang'ono amawuma ndikugwa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikawoneka, mbewu imathandizidwa ndi Silite malinga ndi malangizo, kuyambiranso kumachitika pambuyo pa masabata awiri. M'dzinja, ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga masamba onse okhudzidwa;
• bacteriosis imadziwoneka ngati mawanga osasamba pamasamba achichepere ndi mphukira za mabulosi, zomwe pambuyo pake zimadetsa, kupindika ndi kugwa. Pa mphukira zopunduka, kumayambira chingamu. Mankhwala, Fitoflavin amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe sizothandiza nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita njira ya kupewa mabulosi;
• fungus tinder fungus amangogwira zofooka, zowonongeka zokha, ndikuwononga nkhuni zawo. Thupi la bowa, limodzi ndi chidutswa cha nkhuni, limadulidwa ndikuwonongeka, ndipo bala lotsala limachiritsidwa ndi yankho la 5% ya sulfate yamkuwa, pambuyo pake malowo amakutidwa ndi osakaniza dongo, laimu ndi mullein (1: 1: 2). Monga njira yodzitetezera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti nthawi yake igwirike ndikuwononga kuwonongeka kwa thunthu.

Zithunzi Zojambula: Matenda a Mabulosi

Tizilombo ta mabulosi

Tizilombo totsatirazi ndizofala kwambiri:

• gulugufe wachizungu waku America - mbozi zofiirira zokhala ndi mawanga akuda ndi mikwingwirima yachikatikati m'thupi zimavulala kwambiri. Tizilombo timadya masamba, komanso timapanga zisaude zomwe zimafunika kudulidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti korona azichitira ndi Chlorophos, ndipo malamba osaka ayikidwe pa thunthu;
• njenjete za mabulosi - mbozi za mbozi zimadzaza korona munthawi yotupa kwa impso, kenako zimadya masamba. Chapakatikati, chimafunika kuthira mbewu ndi Chlorophos ngati prophylaxis;
• kangaude - kachilombo kakang'ono, chizindikiro chachikulu chokhazikika chomwe ndi masamba owonda kwambiri, akugwiritsa mphukira. Mafunso oyesererawo amadya pamasamba a masamba, omwe pang'onopang'ono amawuma, mumakhala mdima ndikugwa. Mankhwala acaricidal (mwachitsanzo, Kleschevit, Aktellik) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothandizira tizilombo;
• Chomera chonyowa - kachilombo koyamwa kamene kamadya pamadzi a achinyamata mphukira ndi masamba, omwe pambuyo pake amapunduka, amawuma ndi kufa. Kuchiza mabulosi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumathandizira kuchotsa tizilombo.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Tizilombo ta mabulosi

Zambiri za kukula kwa mabulosi mu zigawo

Mabulosi akhoza kubzala paliponse, koma m'malo ozizira muyenera kuwayang'anira, makamaka pokonzekera nyengo yachisanu.

1. M'madambo. Kudera la Moscow, chikhalidwecho chazika chifukwa cha kukana kwake chisanu - mabulosi amatha kupirira kutentha kutsikira mpaka -30ºC. Komabe, nyengo yachisanu yopanda chipale, mtengo wa mabulosi ungamwalire ngakhale kutentha kwa -7 ° C. Chifukwa cha maola osakwanira masana a mabulosi ku Chigawo cha Moscow, nyengo ziwiri zam'munda zimawonedwa: kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira. Apa, chimodzi mwazida zothandizira chomera ndikutha kupanga minofu ya nkhata pakati pa magawo omwe ali osakhwima ndi mphukira. Chifukwa chake, m'dzinja, kuwonjezera kugwa kwa masamba, pafupi ndi mphaso pafupi ndi Moscow mutha kuwona kutuluka kwa mphukira.
2. Ku Siberia. Alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa V. Shalamov ndi G. Kazanin adalemba m'mabuku awo kuti amatha kutulutsa mabulosi m'mikhalidwe yovuta ku Siberia. Komabe, kukana chisanu chochuluka kumwera kwachikhalidwe ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta.
3. Ku Ukraine. Pano mungapeze zambiri, kuphatikiza mabulosi oyera ndi akuda, ofiira, ma satini ndi mabulosi ambiri. Kubzala mabulosi ku Ukraine kumachitika nthawi ya masika komanso nthawi yophukira - chikhalidwechi chimawonetsera kupulumuka komwe.
4. Ku Belarus. Mabulosi akukula mwachangu machitidwe a Belarus: onse kumwera kwa Brest dera, komanso kumadera ambiri kumpoto.

Ndemanga

Mabulosi anga amakula pafupi ndi zikhalidwe zambiri. Chifukwa chosowa madera akulu, sindimaganizira zosankha "oyandikana" ndi mbewu zanga. Sindinazindikire kuyanjana kulikonse. Chifukwa chake, amalemba kwambiri zakuti pafupi ndi Manchu nati palibe chomwe chimakula, koma pansi pake zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zimakula.

Gennady Kazanin

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Mabulosi m'chigawo cha Istra ku Moscow. dera., labwera (lopanda kalasi) kuchokera ku Ukraine, nyengo yotentha yopanda zaka 7. Mitengo yayitali kuposa 3 m ikuyesayesa kuti ikulime m'nkhalangozi, kuzizira kwa chaka chathachi kumawonedwa ndi zipatso za chaka chatha (nthawi yophukira imayesa kukula kwachiwiri kwa mphukira). Zipatso zaka 4 pachaka, koma kusankha nthambi - m'munsi gawo. Mtundu wa zipatso ndi wakuda, zipatso ndizochepa kwambiri, mwa lingaliro langa (sindinawonepo zopusa ku Ukraine nditakhala kumeneko zaka zoposa 10). Kolola zochepa, kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi malita awiri a zipatso. Kukomako kumakhala kotsika pang'ono kum'mwera - kumakhala kwamadzi pang'onopang'ono, pomwe kukoma kum'mwera ndikopatsa chiyembekezo.

Lena

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Ndili ndi mabulosi oyera chitsamba, ndinatenga zaka 4 zapitazo kuchokera ku Funtikov. Tsopano pafupifupi 1.7 metres. Malangizo okha a nthambi, masentimita 12-15, ozizira chaka chino. Pansipa pali impso zam'mimba, ndipo thumba losunga mazira layamba kale kuwoneka. Chaka chatha ndinayesa zipatso zoyambirira. Mtunduwo ndi loyera, shuga, laling'ono.

Valery Gor

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Mtengo wa mabulosi, womwe anali exotica, ukutchuka; m'minda ya anthu, maluwawo amakula ngati zipatso ndi mabulosi, osaganizira "zakale zam'mbuyomu". Mlimi yemwe adadzala mtengo wa mabulosi amadzisangalatsa yekha ndi banja ndi zipatso zokoma, komanso amakongoletsa dimba lake kwazaka zambiri - muyenera kuyesetsa pang'ono.