Amakhulupirira kuti anyezi ndiosavuta kumera. Mwina, okhawo omwe sanaganize choncho. Wogulitsa m'munda ali ndi mavuto ambiri, ndipo ngati sanathe, anyezi amatha kuvunda m'mundamo kale. Kapenanso, posungira. Ndikofunikira kudziwa ziboda izi ndikutha kuzizungulira.
Zoyambitsa kuvunda anyezi m'munda
Kuti mukule anyezi wathanzi komanso wabwino, muyenera kutsatira malamulo onse aukadaulo aulimi: madzi, koma osachulukitsa, amadyetsa, koma pang'ono, kuchitira njira zodzitetezera, kupereka kuwunikira, kuwona kusintha kwa mbewu, ndi zina. Zifukwa zomwe anyezi adayamba kuvunda mwachindunji pabedi. kwambiri.
Matenda kapena tizirombo
Anyezi ali ndi tizirombo tambiri, ndipo pali matenda ambiri. Zowona, si onse omwe amatsogolera kukuwola kwa cholembera, komanso koposa mababu, koma alipo ena. Ngati tekinoloje yolima itatsatiridwa, kuthekera kwa maonekedwe ake ndizochepa, koma mbewu zofooka zimadwala kapena zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo mosavuta.
Anyezi bacteriosis
Bacteriosis sikuwoneka pomwepo, zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimawonekera kumapeto kwa nyengo yomwe ikukula. Zizindikiro zake zimakhudza kukhudza, malo osinthika amtundu wamtundu wakuda pamababu. Choyamba, mamba ena amawola, amadzazidwa ndi athanzi, koma bulb yonse imawola ndikupereka fungo la fetid. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha dothi kumathandizira kuti musadwale ndi bacteriosis, chifukwa chake, mukuthirira, muyenera kudziwa nthawi zonse.
Zola zowola
Matendawa amagwiritsa ntchito chikaso cha masamba, omwe posachedwa amatha. Kenako, mycelium yoyera ngati thonje wokhala ndi mafomu ang'onoang'ono akuda pansi pansi pa mababu. Imafalikira mwachangu ku ma anyezi flakes: choyamba kwa akunja, kenako mwakuya komanso mwakuya. Ndi zowonongeka kwambiri, babuwo amayenda kwathunthu. Kutuluka kwa matendawa kumathandizira kuti pakhale chinyezi chochulukirapo molumikizana ndi nyengo yozizira komanso zolakwika zina posamalira anyezi.
Fusarium zowola
Fusarium imawonetsedwa ndi chikasu komanso kusinthika kwa masamba, omwe pang'onopang'ono amayamba kuzimiririka. Zomera zimafooka, ndipo mizu imagunda. Zoyenderera kenako zimapitilira ku mababu. Fusarium nthawi zambiri imawoneka nyengo yotentha, ndipo imathandizira kuti matenda a anyezi awulukidwe. Kufesa musanafesere kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda.
Powdery mildew
Matendawa amayamba ndi chlorosis wamasamba: amatembenuka chikasu ndi kupunduka. Kenako amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wakuda womwe umawoneka ngati mawanga owoneka bwino nyengo yofunda kapena yofiirira yonyowa. Masamba atatha, ndiyo nthawi yoti awonongeke ndi mababu, kenako mizu. Monga zolaera yoyera, ufa wa powdery nthawi zambiri umawoneka ozizira, nyengo yonyowa, makamaka akakhala ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni.
Anyezi akuuluka
Mwa tizirombo, momwe timawonera kale m'mundawo, kuuluka kwa anyezi ndiye kowopsa kwambiri. Ntchentche yokha imakhala yopanda vuto, mphutsi zake zimadya anyezi. Amatsuka masamba ndi mababu ambiri, ndikudya thupi la mbewu, chifukwa cha izi mababu amawola. Ndikosavuta kupeza mphutsi: onsewo ndi mazira omwe anaikidwa ndi ntchentche amawonekera bwino. Kaloti obzala pafupi ndi anyezi molondola amathamangitsa ntchentcheyo kutali. Kuwononga mabedi a fumbi lafodya kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizirombo tithandizire ku matenda.
Anyezi grouse (wakudya muzu)
Wowolotsa amafanana ndi ntchentche yowuluka, koma ali ndi zazikulu zokulirapo. Zimayambitsa kuvulaza kwakukulu pafupi koyambirira kwa Julayi. Mphutsi zake zimadya babu, ndikukwera mmenemo, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwola. Mitundu ya kaloti imathamangitsanso tizilombo ku mabedi anyezi. Kuwongolera kwa mphutsi zomwe zidawonekera kale ndizovuta ndipo kumafuna mankhwala amphamvu.
Kanema: Matenda anyezi
Dothi lodontha
Mndandanda wachidule wa matenda umawonetsa kuti ambiri a iwo amathandizira kuthirira kwambiri kapena mvula yamvula. Kupitilira muyeso kumunda kungachititse kuti muthe anyezi komanso nokha, popanda "thandizo" la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Anyezi amafunika dothi lonyowa, popanda kuthirira simungathe kupeza mababu akulu, koma apa muyenera kudziwa mulingo. Mwina mphindi iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri pakukula anyezi. Nthaka yonyowa pang'ono imafunikira mbewuyi nthawi zonse, kuthirira mabedi kumayimitsidwa milungu itatu kapena inayi musanakolole.
Makamaka zowopsa zimasefukira panthaka zadothi, komanso komwe madzi oyenda pansi amayandikira. Zikatero, muyenera kuwonjezera mchenga pabedi ndikuwukweza. Ngati dothi lakutsogolo ndilofunika pang'ono, kuthirira sikuyenera kuchitika. Anyezi amafunikira chinyezi chambiri pakukula kwambiri kwa mababu, koma ngakhale panthawiyi ndikofunikira kusamala kuti ngati mvula ibwera kwanthawi yayitali, bedi la mundawo litha, m'malo mwake, lidzakutidwa ndi filimu kuchokera kwa iwo.
Zobzala zosauka
Mbeu zonse ziwiri (chernushka) ndi se seuse zimatha kudwala. M'njira zonsezi, kukonzekereratu ndikofunikira. Ndikofunikira kuti mbeu zanu ziziwayika bwino (makampani ambiri tsopano ayandikira kuimvetsetsa, ndipo ndizosavuta kugula mbewu zomwe zili ndi sitolo). Mbewu zimatetezedwa ndi chovala mu njira yamdima ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 20-30.
Momwemonso, mutha kukonza sevka, koma nthawi zambiri imangosungidwa m'madzi otentha: imathiridwa ndi madzi ndi kutentha 65 zaC ndikulola kuzizila. Ndiyenera kunena, pomwe si ma tizilombo onse omwe amawonongeka. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate (supuni si chidebe chamadzi), pomwe mbewu zimatsukidwa kwa mphindi 8-10. Mwachilengedwe, musanayambe kukonza ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala ndikuchotsa makope owonongeka.
Dothi lovunda
The causative othandizira matenda sangathe kubzala zakuthupi, komanso nthaka, chifukwa chake, asanabzala anyezi, masiku 1-2, bedi limasungunuka ndikuwusefa ndi madzi otentha kapena njira yocheperako yapinki ya potaziyamu.
Kuphatikiza pa kukhalapo kwa mabakiteriya okhala ndi nthaka m'nthaka, acidity yambiri imatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa anyezi, chifukwa chake, pama dothi acidic sayenera kulowerera phulusa kapena choko.
Kuphwanya mbeu
Kukula kwa mbewu kulipo, makamaka, kuti matenda ndi tizirombo tiziunjikire m'mundamo. Anyezi sayenera kubzala m'malo amodzi kwa zaka zingapo mzere. Ndikwabwino kuwabzala mbatata, nkhaka kapena nandolo. Simungathe kubzala anyezi pambuyo pa mbewu zofananira, mwachitsanzo, adyo. Kupuma kuyenera kukhala zaka 3-4.
Nitrogeni owonjezera
Anyezi amakula bwino pokhapokha nthaka yachonde, okoleretsa ndi organic kanthu ndi feteleza wa mchere. Pa chiyambi cha kukula, imadya nitrogen yambiri, koma mkati mwa kusasitsa, chinthuchi sichofunikira. Nayitrogeni wambiri, makamaka mawonekedwe a nitrate, amachititsa kuti mbewu zizivunda. Palibe chifukwa muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano kapena owola bwino anyezi: kokha humus kapena kompositi, popanda owonjezera. Amakhala ndi nayitrogeni ocheperako kuposa manyowa atsopano, ndipo amadya anyezi pang'onopang'ono.
Zimayambitsa kuvunda anyezi nthawi yosungirako
Ngakhale anyezi osankhidwa bwino ndi owuma amatha kuwola pang'ono panthawi yosungirako: sizowonongeka zonse zomwe zimatha kuwoneka, ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri zowola.
Nthawi yosungirako
Sikuti mitundu yonse ya anyezi yomwe imatha kusungidwa nthawi yayitali. Monga lamulo, mitundu ya saladi, makamaka yoyambirira kucha, imasungidwa kwa miyezi iwiri yokha. Anyezi achikasu nthawi zambiri amasungidwa bwino kuposa zoyera kapena zofiira. Anyezi omwe amamera kuchokera ku sevka amasungidwa bwino kuposa omwe adakhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi imodzi kuchokera ku nigella. Chifukwa chake, kuwola anyezi kumatha kunenedwa kuti ndi kolakwika kuposa moyo wololeza.
Vidiyo: Malangizo Okuta anyezi
Malo osungira
Anyezi samasungidwa bwino kwambiri chinyezi, komanso chipinda chowala. Poterepa, iwo umaphuka ndi kuwola. Mwachangu roti ndi anyezi, omwe amasungika ngakhale kwa nthawi yayifupi. Pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana yosungiramo anyezi: kutentha pang'ono 0 zaC, ndipo, mwanjira yake, yotentha, pafupifupi 18 zaC. Chinyezi choposa 80% sicholandirika.
Ine ndekha ndimayambitsa anyezi mu nyumba, pansi pa tebulo, m'makatoni. Ngati yasanjidwa bwino ndikuuma, palibe zinyalala.
Palibe vuto ngati masamba ena amasungidwa pafupi. Mbatata kapena kabichi zimathandizira kuti awonoke anyezi.
Zowonongeka zamakina
Kuchepetsa anyezi musanasungire kuti asungidwe kuyenera kukhala kokwanira: kuwonongeka konse kwa anyezi mukakolola (kudula, kupindika, kuwonongeka kwa khosi) kumabweretsa kuwola mwachangu. Uta wotere uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito choyamba. Wokumba uta pogwiritsa ntchito fosholo kapena pitchfork umasungidwa bwino kuposa kuti dzanja lisulidwe pansi. Udzu uyenera kusungidwanso ndikusankha anyezi wokha utatha, milungu iwiri ukakolola.
Gray zowola za khosi
Matenda angapo a anyezi amapezeka pokhapokha akusungidwa. Nthawi zambiri, kuwola kwa khosi kumachitika. Nthawi zambiri m'mwezi woyamba mababu omwe ali ndi kachilombo amadziwonetsa, chifukwa chake, poyamba, anyezi omwe amasungidwa amayenera kuwunika pafupipafupi. Ndi matendawa, mamba akunja m'khosi ameta, ndipo utoto wonyezimira womwe umakhala ndi mawanga akuda pansi pawo. Zovota mwachangu zimagwera pansi, kuphimba babu lonse. Wothandizila wa matendawa ali chimbudzi kapena m'nthaka, ayenera kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mababu odwala amachotsedwa mwachangu kuti asungidwe.
Mafunso anyezi
Anyezi mite ndi imodzi mwa tizirombo, momwe kukula kwa anyezi nthawi zambiri sikuwonekere. Ndi chochepa kwambiri, chotentha, chogwira ntchito nyengo yotentha komanso yopanda kutentha. Imalowa mkati mwa mababu kudutsa pansi, ndikuyikoka kuchokera mkati. Amavunda, ndi kuwuma panja. Ming'aluyo imatha kuchotsedwa m'mundamo ndi ma acaricides okha, koma vuto ndikuti ndizovuta kuzindikira. Ngati mukukayika za kuyera kwa mbeu, imathandizidwa ndimakonzedwe a salfa asanafike.
Tsinde nematode
Nematode ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono zoyera zomwe zochita zawo zikuwoneka kale m'mundamu, koma zimachitika kuti zimawoneka nthawi yosungidwa yokha. Nthawi yomweyo, anyezi flakes moisten, kukhala ofewa ndi zowola. Ndondomeko imayamba, kuyambira khosi: pambuyo pake, poyamba tsinde limadya masamba a anyezi. Kuwononga nematodes ndikovuta kwambiri: nthaka imakhazikika mobwerezabwereza, kenako ndikuyikhazika kwayokha. Chifukwa chake, njira zopewera ndizofunikira: kasinthidwe koyenera ka mbewu, kuyeretsa bwino pabedi, kuvala mbewu.
Momwe mungapewere zowola
Njira zomwe zimafunika popewa kuwola anyezi kutsatira kuchokera pazomwe tafotokozazi. Kupewa ndi motere:
- kasinthasintha wa mbeu;
- kusankha mitundu yolimbana ndi matenda;
- kukonzekera kosasinthika kwa njere ndi mbewu;
- kuthirira pang'ono ndi kudyetsa koyenera;
- udzu ulamuliro;
- kufesa kaloti pafupi ndi anyezi.
Ndikofunika kukolola mbewu yake pa nthawi ndikumatula anyezi musanasungidwe. Kutentha ndi chinyezi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kosungirako, osachepera pamwezi kuti zithetse anyezi (ndipo poyamba - ndipo nthawi zambiri), kukana zitsanzo zokayikitsa. Mababu okha ndi makosi owuma ndi owonda ayenera kusungidwa, osawonongeka pang'ono.
Nanga bwanji ngati anyezi wayamba kale kuvunda?
Ngati kuwola kwa anyezi kumaonekera kale pabedi, mbewu zowola ziyenera kukumbidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo dothi pansi pawo liyenera kuthiriridwa ndi 1% yankho lamkuwa. Nthawi zina, kuwola ndikochepa, pokhapokha pamtunda, gawo la babu lingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma osati mwatsopano.
Ndibwino kuti musayike pachiwopsezo ndikuwononga toyesa.
Kuchotsa kwakanthawi mababu kukuntha kudzakuthandizani kupulumutsa mbewu yotsalayo, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa chomwe chikuyambitsa ndikuchitapo kanthu ngati zingatheke. Ngati ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, ndizotheka kuti bedi liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza (pambuyo poti simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito nthenga kuti mukhale chakudya kwanthawi yayitali). Ngati choyambitsa chowola chasinthika mu ukadaulo waulimi, yesetsani kuchepetsa kuthirira kapena nthawi zambiri kumasula bedi la mundawo. Ngati tizirombo - ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka azitsamba kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Kanema: momwe mungasankhire anyezi m'munda
Anyezi, wowola panthawi yosungirako, amachotsedwa pomwepo ndikuwapatsa ndi anyezi, kutengera momwe machitidwe apitira. Ngati mababu ophika amapezeka nthawi ya bulkhead, koma popanda zizindikiro zowola, ziyenera kuyesedwa ndikusungidwa mosiyana ndi mababu abwino. Mababu owola pang'ono amatha kudulidwa, enawo kudula, kenako kuwuma kapena kuziziritsa.
Kuboola anyezi ndi njira yosasangalatsa, koma imatha kupewedwa ndikuwona njira zaulimi, komanso pakasungidwa ndi chisankho choyenera. Ndikofunika kulipira chidwi kwambiri makamaka pa uta komanso m'munda.