Zaka zana zapitazo, zinali zovuta kuganiza kuti mavwende okonda kutentha amatha kukula ku Siberia kovuta. Koma kupita patsogolo sikuyima chilili. Chifukwa cha zida zamakono ndi matekinoloje, mitundu yatsopano yosinthidwa ndipo, makamaka, chidwi chosagwiritsidwa ntchito cha Siberians, nthano imakhala yowona.
Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya vwende ku Siberia
Siberia ili ndi gawo lalikulu ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ndizosatheka kuyambitsa malingaliro onse paulimi wa vwende pamagawo ake onse, ngakhale kuti magawo onsewa ali ndi zochitika zina zodziwikiratu: kuchuluka kwa mphepo zakumpoto, chilimwe mwachidule komanso nyengo yosinthika, yosasinthika. Pankhani imeneyi, ku Siberia yambiri, mavwende amatha kubzala pamalo otseguka, koma osati nthawi zonse. Ngati chilimwe chimakhala chozizira komanso chamvula, sipadzakhala zokolola. Kukula mavwende mu wowonjezera kutentha, malinga ndi malamulo aulimi wazikhalidwe, mosangalatsa zotsatira zake. Mokulira, kupambana kumadalira mitundu yoyenera.
Zosiyanasiyana malo otseguka
Chifukwa chachilimwe chadzikoli, mitundu yoyambirira (masiku 60-75 kuyambira nthawi yamere mpaka kukhwima kukhwima), yapakatikati koyambirira (masiku 65-85) ndi kupsa kwapakatikati (masiku 75-95) nthawi yakucha yasankhidwa.
Wolima palimodzi
Pachikhalidwe, Kolkhoznitsa wodziwika bwino amakulira ku Siberia (dzina lathunthu ndi Kolkhoznitsa 749/753). Kuyambira mbande mpaka kucha, masiku 77-95 amadutsa, kutengera nyengo. Ichi ndi chomera cholimba ndi tsinde loonda. Zipatso ndizapakatikati, zazing'onoting'ono, zolemera pakati - 0,7-1.3 kg. Nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe ake amakhala osalala, achikasu a malalanje, osakhala ndi mapangidwe, koma nthawi zina mauna ophatikizika amapezeka. Makungwa ndi olimba, osinthika, komanso makulidwe. Mimbuluyi ndi yowutsa mudyo, okoma, mafinya, opanda khirisipi. Kubereka 1,5-2,2 kg / m2. Mlimi wolumikizayo amatha kuwonongeka kwambiri ndi powdery mildew ndi anthracnosis, wolimbana ndi bacteriosis. Ili ndi kayendedwe kabwino, motero ndiyotchuka ndi alimi.
Mlimi wogwira ntchito limodzi wa Melon adalima kale ku Siberia
Altai
Zosiyanasiyana zidapezeka ku Barnaul mu 1937 ndipo zidalowa mu State Register of Breeding Achievements mu 1955. Zipatsozo ndizofanana ndi mlimi wophatikiza pamlingo ndi mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe okha ndiwotalikirapo ndipo kukula kwake ndikokulirapo - 0,8-1.6 kg. Kukomako ndikokhutiritsa, "kwa aliyense." Kusunga liwiro komanso kutsika. Zosiyanasiyana zimamera kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pawokha m'malo okhala ndi chilimwe. Nthawi kuyambira mphukira yoyamba mpaka kucha ndi masiku 65-75 okha. Zokolola kuchokera 1 m2 - 2,5 makilogalamu.
Altai melon lina ku Siberia
Zachikondi
Vwendeyi idapangidwa ku Federal Science Science Center for Vegetable Production mu 2004 makamaka ku Siberia. Nthawi yakucha ndi masiku 67-69 kuchokera pakuwoneka mbande. Ili ndi zipatso zazing'ono (0.8-1.1 makilogalamu) zopepuka zachikasu. Maonekedwe a mwana wosabadwayo ndi ozungulira, ogawikana. Ubwino wobiriwira wobiriwira umakhala wowoneka bwino, wokhathamira, wowoneka bwino komanso wopangidwa bwino. Kubereka 80-142 kg / ha.
Melon Tender ali ndi ubweya wobiriwira wobiriwira wopepuka
Zosiyanasiyana zakumunda wobiriwira
Ma hybrids ambiri adapangidwa kuti azikulitsa mavwende mu wowonjezera kutentha, ngakhale pali mitundu.
Solar
Oyambirira kupukusa hydride ya zoweta, zoweta makamaka zokulira mu greenhouse. Amapereka zipatso zosakhala ngati gawo limodzi ndi kulemera kwa pafupifupi 2.1-2.7 kg. Chipatso chake chimakhala chosalala bwino ndi makungwa osalala achikasu. Kujambula mawonekedwe ang'ono ndi apakati achikasu. Kuguza kwake ndikosavuta, kofatsa komanso kowutsa mudyo. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino. Kuyambira 1 m2 5.1-5.7 makilogalamu zipatso zimapezeka mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Melon Solnechnaya - wakucha wakucha hydride ya kusankhidwa kwanyumba, yowetedwa makamaka pakukula mu greenhouse
Mwezi
Barnaul zosiyanasiyana kulimidwa m'minda, m'minda yamafilimu. Kukula kumatha kumachitika patatha masiku 74-80 patatha nthawi yophuka. Chipatsochi ndi chaching'ono (1.1 makilogalamu), chowonda, chosalala. Ili ndi gululi yopitiliza, yolumikizika, yosalala. Mtundu wa khungwa loonda kupindika ndi chikaso. Ubwangwa wake ndi wamtali wakuda, wopindika, wokoma pang'ono. Kukoma ndi kwabwino, pang'ono kokoma. Zokolola kuchokera 1 m2 - 8.1 makilogalamu. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi malonda abwino, zotheka kunyamula. Imakhala ndi kukana koyerekeza ndi tsinde ascochitosis.
Melon Mwezi uli ndi makungwa osalala achikasu
Assol
Barnaul chapakatikati mwa nyengo wosakanizidwa kwa mafilimu obiriwira. Zipatso zimachotsedwa pambuyo pa masiku 80-90 patatha kuoneka mbande zonse. Mabulosiwa amakhala ozungulira, osanjidwa, achikasu ndi mikwingwirima ya imvi. Makungwa ndi owonda, okuta. Mtundu wa mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira uli ndi makulidwe, osakhwima, owutsa mudyo, osakanikirana bwino ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri. Zipatso ndizofanana ndimodzi ndi kulemera pafupifupi 1 kg. Zokolola - 6.6 kg / m2. Mtundu wamalonda ndiwambiri. Kutsutsa ascochitosis kukana ndi avareji.
Mnofu wa vwende Assol ndi wobiriwira wopepuka
Zinthu zikukula
Kuti muchotse bwino vwende, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyengo yabwino.
- Kutentha koyenera kwa vwende kumakhala mu 20-25 ° C. Kutentha kwambiri kuposa 30 ° C ndi pansi pa 15 ° C, kukula kumayima.
- Mavwende amakula bwino pamadothi achonde. Nthaka zadothi lolemera zimafuna kumasulidwa powonjezera mchenga, peat.
- Machitidwe a nthaka ayenera kukhala osalowerera kapena acidic pang'ono, kuchuluka kwa pH kwa 6.0-6.8 ndizabwino.
- Mwa otsogola ndi oyandikana nawo sayenera kukhala:
- dzungu;
- nkhaka
- mbatata
- parsley.
- Omwe atsogola kwambiri ndi awa:
- anyezi;
- mpiru;
- kabichi;
- beets;
- nyemba;
- radishi.
- Ndikofunika kuti vwende ili pamalo otsetsereka akumwera, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira kumpoto.
- Melon amalekerera chilala kuposa kuzika madzi.
Kukula mbande
Zachidziwikire, njira yodzala mavwende ali ndi maubwino osabisalira pakufesa mbewu mwachangu mu nthaka. Izi ndi:
- kukolola koyambirira;
- kuthekera kuteteza chomera chomera kuti namsongole;
- kusowa kwa mavuto okhudzana ndi kumera kwa mbeu. Zimathetsedwa pamlingo wokukula mbande;
- kuthekera kokula kwa mitundu ina ya vwende pakapangidwe kotentha kwa Siberia.
Zoyipa zamtunduwu ndi monga:
- kufunikira kwa zowonjezera zakuthupi ndi ndalama zolipirira anthu zogwirizanitsidwa ndi mbande zokulira;
- kusinthasintha bwino kwa vwende ku magawo atsopano pa kumuwonjezera. Koma izi zimagonjetsedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya peat pakukula mbande.
Mukadzala liti mbande
Mulingo woyenera wa mbande za vwende pakubzala poyera kapena wowonjezera kutentha ndi masiku 35. Mphukira nthawi zambiri zimawonekera patatha masiku 5 mutabzala. Chonse: bzalani mbeu mbande masiku 40 musanabzalire pamabedi. Chifukwa chake, ndikosavuta kuwerengera kuti nthawi yabwino yofesa mbewu za vwende ku Siberia ndi Epulo 10-30.
Momwe mungafesere mbewu za vwende
Kubzala mbewu za vwende, muyenera kukonzekera miphika ya peat ndi voliyumu ya 150-200 ml ndikuwadzaza ndi nthaka yabwino. Mutha kuzigula m'sitolo - masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri yosanja yopanga. Ndikothekanso kuti pakadali panokha pokonza dothi m'dothi, kusakaniza molingana ndi matanthwe, peat, humus ndi mchenga. Pa chidebe cha osakaniza muyenera kuwonjezera 1 tbsp. l superphosphate, 1 tsp potaziyamu monophosphate (imawonjezedwa musanabzalidwe), 1 tbsp. phulusa la nkhuni ndi 1 tsp. urea.
Mbewu zofesedwa mu zidutswa zitatu mumphika umodzi kufikira akuya masentimita 2-3. Mbeu zokhazikitsidwa kale zimafesedwa imodzi. Nthaka iyenera kupukutidwa bwino isanafesere. Asanatuluke, miphika ili m'chipinda ndi kutentha kwa 25-28 ° C, pambuyo pake kutentha kumachepera 20-25 ° C.
Mbewu za Melon zimabzalidwa zidutswa zitatu pa bowo
Kusamalira Mbewu
Panthawi yomera, nthaka nthawi zina imathilitsidwa ndimadzi ofunda. Melon sakonda kunyowa komanso kudumphira madzi. Pambuyo kuwonekera kwa tsamba lokwanira lachitatu, kupatulira kumachitika - zikumera zonse zofooka zimachotsedwa, ndikusiya wamphamvu mumphika uliwonse. Nthawi yomweyo, kutsina chimera pach tsamba lachitatu kuti chikule kukula, osati kutalika.
Pakadutsa masiku 10 kumera ndi masiku 10 asanabzalidwe m'nthaka, mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu humate. Kuti muchite izi, 10 ml ya feteleza amasungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, 50 ml ya yankho imatsanuliridwa pansi pa chomera chilichonse. Komanso masiku 10 ndisanazike mbande, ziyenera kuyamba kuuma. Kuti muchite izi, miphika yokhala ndi mbewu imatengedwa kupita kukhonde kapena kubwalo. Ndondomeko akuyamba ndi maola 3-4, kenako pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi mpaka tsiku.
Pakutha kwa nthawi, mbewuzo zitha kutsalira kale pakhonde usiku, ngati kutentha kumalola. Kutentha kwa nyengo masana kuti kuumitse kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 15-17 ° C, ndi nthawi yausiku - 12-15 ° C.
Mbewu za Melon ndizabwino kwambiri m'magalasi a peat.
Ikani mbande pansi - malangizo ndi masitepe
Bedi la vwende limakonzedwa mu masabata 2-4, makamaka makamaka pakugwa. Namsongole woyamba amachotsedwa, ndikufalikira bwino pa feteleza:
- 5-10 kg / m2 humus, kompositi kapena peat,
- 30-40 g / m2 superphosphate ndi ammonium nitrate,
- 10-20 g / m2 potaziyamu monophosphate,
- 1 l / m2 phulusa.
Bedi limakumbidwa bwino ndikuikoloweka ndi rake kapena wolima. Otsatirawa amachita motere:
- Masabata awiri asanabzalidwe, kama wake umakutidwa ndi filimu yakuda - motere dziko lapansi lidzatentha bwino.
Masabata awiri asanabzalidwe, kama wake umakutidwa ndi filimu yakuda kuti dziko lapansi litenthe
- Musanafike pamtunda, pangani mapangidwe ake. Mtunda pakati pa mizere uyenera kukhala 70-90 cm, ndi pakati pazomera mzere - 60-70 cm.
- Bowo lomwe mulifupi mwake 20-30 cm limakonzekera chomera chilichonse, pomwe 0,5 ml ya humus imawonjezeredwa, kusakanizidwa ndikuthiriridwa.
Zitsime zakonzedwa kubzala mavwende
- Mbande zibzalidwa m'maenje okonzeka pamodzi ndi miphika ya peat, kuthiriridwa madzi ndikuwaza ndi nthaka youma.
- Arcs amawaika pabedi ndikuwaphimba ndi agrofiberi ndi 30-60 g / m2.
Arcs amaikidwa pansi pa kama ndikuphimbidwa ndi agrofiber
Kubzala mbewu
Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, wosamalira mundawo angafune njira yodzala masamba. Nthawi zina, izi zitha kuchitika ku Siberia.
Potseguka
Ku Siberia, njira yolimitsira mbewu zosiyanasiyana pamabedi ofunda ndiofala. Mwa makonzedwe ake, kumtunda kwa dziko lapansi ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 20-30 masentimita amachotsedwa ndipo dzenjelo limadzaza ndi zinyalala za organic, kompositi yokhapokha ya theka, humus. Kuzungulira mozungulira mozungulira mpanda wa matabwa, lathyathyathya. Dzazani bukulo ndi chernozem yomwe idachotsedwapo. Kuchita mopitilira muyeso, zolengedwa zimatentha mizu ya mbewu. Arcs amaikidwapo pafupi ndi kama, pomwe kanema kapena chophimba chimatambasulidwa.
Arcs kapena chimango chamatabwa chimayikidwa pamwamba pa kama ofunda
Nthawi yofesa imawerengeredwa molingana ndi algorithm pamwambapa. Chitsime chimalembedwa ndikukonzekera kubzala chimodzimodzi ndi njira yodzala mbewu. Bowo lililonse lakuya masentimita 2-3, njere zitatu zimabzalidwa, kuthiriridwa madzi ndikufundidwa ndi filimu yakuda. Imakolola pambuyo kumera mbewu ndipo imakutidwa ndi bedi la agrofibre mu arcs. Zochita zina zomwe zikumera zimakhala zofanana ndi mbande. Akatsika tsamba lachitatu lomwe amalitsina, zikumera zimachotsedwa.
Kupita kumalo obiriwira
Kubzala nthanga pobiriwira pa polycarbonate sikusiyana ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Kusiyanaku ndikungokhudza - mbewu zingabzalidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha masabata awiri m'mbuyomu kuposa malo okhala.
Chisamaliro cha Melon
Chilimwe ndi nyengo zoyambirira ku Siberia zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku, kusiyana kwake komwe kumatha kupitilira 20 ° C.
Poyera
M'malo otere, nthawi zambiri mbewu zazing'ono zimafunikira kutentha kwanyengo usiku. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki okhala ndi khosi lodulidwa, makatoni. Gawo lina la agrofibre litha kuyikidwanso m'malire a arcs. Kuyambira kuzungulira pakati pa Juni, malo okhala sadzafunikanso.
Chapakatikati, chisanu chikachitika, mbande za vwende zimatha kuphimbidwa ndi makatoni
Kuthirira
Kutsirira pafupipafupi komanso pafupipafupi kumafunikira pakukula kwa mbeu zazing'ono. Pakadali pano, dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Kuti tisunge chinyontho, mabediwo amawumbika ndi udzu, zowola utuchi, humus. Kusankha kwakukulu ndikuphimba mabedi musanafesere ndi filimu yakuda. Poterepa, njere zimabzalidwa m'maenje osemedwa, ndikuwumitsa tulo ndikudula sizifunikira. Kutsirira pankhaniyi kumapangidwanso mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, pansi pa kanema wakuda, dziko limatentha bwino, ndipo kutentha kumasungidwa mkati mwake ngakhale usiku wozizira. Pamene tchire limakula - kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kamodzi pakapita masiku 7-10. Ndi yabwino kuthira madzi mavwende pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothirira. Kuthirira kumayima kwathunthu chipatso chake chikakula ndikuyamba kutembenukira chikasu.
Ngati, chifukwa chamvula yamvula, mabedi okhala ndi mavwende amadzaza madzi, zingakhale zofunika kuti nthawi zina muziphimba ndi film mu arcs kuti muteteze mvula. Poterepa, malekezero a ngalawo amasiyidwa otseguka.
Ndi yabwino kuthira madzi mavwende pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Bedi lokhazikika bwino nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi feteleza wokwanira. Koma ngati tchire silikula bwino, muyenera kuwadyetsa nayitrogeni. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'malo otentha kwa sabata limbikirani mu mullein wamadzi (malita atatu pa ndowa) kapena ndowa (amatengedwa theka). Feteleza feteleza wake ndi madzi pafupifupi nthawi 5-7 ndikuwonjezera mavwende. Bwerezani kudyetsa katatu pakadutsa masiku 7-10. Munthawi ya kukula ndi kucha zipatso, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa lamatabwa (malita awiri pa ndowa). Kuphatikiza apo, feteleza woyenera wama gourds. Amagulitsidwa pansi pa malonda a Net Leaf, Sudarushka, Agricola ndi ena.
Mapangidwe ndi kusintha
Pamaso mapangidwe a vwende, muyenera kudziwa kuti mumtundu wamitundu mitundu, zipatso zimapangidwa mbali mphukira, mu ma hybrids - pa tsinde lalikulu. Potseguka, mitundu yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana imabzalidwe ndikupanga masentimita atatu. Tsinde lirilonse limapinikizika pa tsamba lachisanu ndikugonekedwa pansi pamabedi. Kuchokera pamiyeso ya masamba otsala, mphukira zam'mbuyo zimamera zomwe maluwa amatulutsa. Kutengera ndi mitundu, kuchokera pa zipatso zingapo mpaka zisanu zimasiyidwa pa tsinde lililonse. Mukamasiya mavwende ochulukirapo, amakhala ang'onoang'ono. Ngati zachilengedwe sizichitika konse, ndiye kuti zipatso zochuluka kwambiri zimatha kumangidwa, zimakhala zazing'ono ndipo sizipsa. Mphukira iliyonse yobala zipatso imakhomedwa kuseri kwa tsamba lachisanu lomwe limamera zipatso.
Kudulira ndi kudulira
Mukukula, muyenera kuwunika mosamala mapangidwe a stepons mu axils masamba ndikuwachotsa. Mphukira zamtundu zimadulidwanso, pomwe palibe zotulutsa mazira. Izi mbali za mbewu, zomwe sizikuchita nawo zipatso, zimatenga gawo la zakudya, potero zimachepetsa kukula ndi chipatso chake.
Chisamaliro chobiriwira chobiriwira
Kusamalira melon mu wowonjezera kutentha ali ndi mawonekedwe ake. Yoyamba imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kazomera. Popeza ma hybrids nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, pomwe zipatso zake zimakhala, tsinde, mbali zonse zimachotsedwa. Nthawi zambiri mphukira umodzi kapena awiri amatsalira, omwe amamangirizidwa molumikizana ndi trellis. Zipatso zimayikidwa mu maukonde akuluakulu omwe amayimitsidwa kuti mavwende asadzisungunuke pazokha.
Gawo lachiwiri ndi loti njuchi sizilowa nyumba yobiriwira, ndiye kuti wosamalira mundawo atenga mbali yawo. Kupukusira kwanyumba nthawi zambiri kumachitika m'mawa. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito burashi yofewa, yomwe imatenga mungu kuchokera ku maluwa achimuna ndikusintha kukhala chachikazi. Mutha kusiyanitsa maluwa achikazi ndi kukhalapo kwa gawo lawo lotsika - iyi ndi tsogolo la ovuta mwana wosabadwayo.
Mutha kuchita popanda burashi. Amang'amba maluwa amphongo, ndikuchotsa pamtengo mosamala kuti asagwedezeke mungu. Kenako, kukhudza maluwa amphongo ku manyazi achikazi, iwo amuthira manyowa. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika ndi malire - pambuyo pake, kuchokera ku mazira opangidwa, ndizotheka kusankha zabwino kwambiri, ndikuchotsa zina zonse.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha muyenera kugwira ntchito ngati "njuchi"
Gawo lachitatu la kukula kwa mavwende mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikofunikira kwowonjezera mpweya wabwino pamasiku otentha. Malamulo ena onse ndi njira zosamalirira ndi zofanana ndikamakula m'munda wowonekera.
Kanema: Kusintha ndikusamalira vwende pamalo obiriwira
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Kuti ntchito yolima vwende ku Siberia isayende pang'onopang'ono, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro za matenda ndi tizirombo, komanso njira zopewera komanso kupewa.
Matenda akuluakulu omwe amakhudza vwende ku Siberia
Matenda akuluakulu a vwende nthawi zambiri amakhala fungal. Chifukwa chake, njira zakuchiritsira ndi kupewa ndizofanana nthawi zambiri ndipo ndizofala matenda osiyanasiyana.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus komanso kupewa, mankhwala omwe amatchedwa fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Powdery mildew
Malo oyera oyera ambiri amawonekera papepala. Kukula, amakwirira pepalalo lonse, lomwe limakhala lopanda chofufumimba, lomwe limakhala louma ndikuwuma. Kupewa matenda ndikusinthasintha kwa mbewu komanso kuchotsa kwa udzu munthawi yake. Mankhwala, kupukutira mitengo yotsekera ndi 80% sulfure ufa kumathandizira pafupifupi 400 g pa mamentimita zana. Njira zitatu zochizira ndi masiku 10 zikukwanira. Ayenera kumaliza masiku 20 zokolola zisanachitike. Njira zothandiza kwambiri zowongolera ufa wa Powdery ndi topazi. Imangoletsa kukula kwa matendawa, komanso imalepheretsa kufalikira, chifukwa imawononga spores. Mankhwalawa ndi abwino ku Siberia, chifukwa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wotsika kwambiri. Kwa madzi 10, ndikokwanira kuwonjezera 2 ml ya fungicide.
Powdery mildew imakwirira masamba okhala ndi mawanga oyera
Peronosporosis (Downy mildew)
Matenda ofala omwe mbewu imakonda kudwala poyambira kukula. Choyamba, mawanga obiriwira achikasu amawoneka pamasamba, ndikukula ndi nthawi. Pambuyo pake, zibowo zambiri za bowa zimadziunjikira pansi pansanjidwe ya utoto wofiirira.
Pazifukwa za prophylaxis, kuphatikiza njira zodulira matendawa mwa kuvala 1% ya potaziyamu ya potanganamu ndikulimbikitsidwa. Mutha kuyendetsanso kutentha kwa nyemba, kuzisunga kwa maola awiri mu thermos ndi madzi otentha kutentha kwa 45 ° C. Mbeu zobzalidwa kapena mbewu zazing'ono zomwe zimamera m'mbewu munthawi yomwe kulima sikubzala zimafesedwa ndi yankho la 0.1% la urea kapena 1% yankho la Bordeaux madzi. Mutha kuthanso ndi Topaz.
Nkhaka zithunzi
Awa ndi matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi melon aphid, ndipo ma virus amadziunjikira pamizu ya namsongole. Zizindikiro zake:
- mawanga obiriwira achikasu pamasamba,
- Kusintha kwawo ndikupanga ma tubercles pakati pa mitsempha.
- kugwa kwamasamba ndi maluwa,
- ming'alu pansi pa tsinde,
- kukula kubwezeretsa
- warty pamwamba pa chipatso.
Njira zodzitetezera: kasinthasintha wa mbewu, mavwende a aphon. Palibe njira zothanirana ndi matenda omwe kale amawonekera. Mutha kungodula masamba ndi mphukira zomwe zikuwonongeka, ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda ndikusunga gawo la mbewu. Mukakolola, nsonga zonse ndi mizu zizitenthedwa, ndipo patsamba lino m'zaka zitatu zotsatira kubzala mbewu zomwe sizikugwiritsidwa ndi nkhaka zamitengo.
Grey nkhungu
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ku Siberia, pomwe amakula nthawi yozizira komanso yonyowa. Kutentha kwakukulu chifukwa chake ndi 15 ° C. Mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi thumba losunga mazira limakhala madzi, mwachangu. Ngati wapezeka, amachotsedwa ndikuwonongeka, ndipo namsongole amayeretsedwa nthawi zonse. Mango amathiriridwa kudzera m'makoko kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothirira madzi;
Mphukira zazing'ono ndi thumba losunga mazira lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi nkhungu imayamba kukhala madzi
Pakukonza pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la:
- madzi - 10 l
- Sodium sodium - 1 g,
- urea - 10 g
- sulfate yamkuwa - 2 g.
Zovunda
Potentha komanso nthaka yabwino, mbewu zimafooka ndipo zimatha kuzika mizu. Dongosolo lake la causative limakhala m'nthaka, nthawi zina m'mbewu. Nthawi zambiri limawoneka m'malo obisika pomwe kutentha ndi chinyezi kwambiri sikumawonedwa. Mmera womwe wakhudzidwa umayamba kuchepera, umakhala bulauni, ndipo mbewu zimafa. Pa maukono akuluakulu, masamba amasintha chikasu ndikufota, mizu imakhala yotuwa, masamba ake ndi odulidwa. Matendawa atha kupewedwa ndi kufesa mbewu asanatulutse, kupenda mosamala malamulo aukadaulo waulimi ndi magawo a kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Tizilombo ta Melon
Pali tizilombo tambiri ku Siberia komwe timakonda kusangalala ndi zipatso ndi masamba a vwende. Kuti muthane nawo, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ma acaricides amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tili tumphepo, ma acaricides ndi nkhupakupa.
Nsabwe za m'masamba
Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timabisala pamizu ya namsongole. Kugawidwa kumadera akumadzulo kwa Siberia. Chapakatikati, kutentha kwa mpweya kukakwera kufika pa 12 ° C, aphid amatuluka ndikuyamba kudya maudzu, kenako amasinthana kuti abzalidwe mbewu. Magulu a tizilombo timene amatuluka m'munsi masamba, kudya zakudya zawo, komanso maluwa ndi mphukira.
Nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza utoto wa nkhaka.
Zidera zokhala ngati aphid zimakhazikika pamasamba a vwende, zimayambira ndi maluwa
Pofuna kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa kuzizira nyengo yozizira, Decis imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe idzagwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso mwachangu (mu maola 10-12) kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba. Pakupopera, 0,35-0,5 g ya mankhwalawa imasungunuka mu 5 l yamadzi. Izi ndi zokwanira kusamalira 100 m2 mabedi. Mu nyengo yotentha, Fitoverm imagwiritsidwa ntchito - zimatenga maola makumi asanu ndi awiri kuti mugonjetse tizilombo tambiri. Mankhwala, 1 ml ya madzi amatengedwa ndi 2 ml ya mankhwalawa. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mankhwala ambiri wowerengeka pothana ndi tizilombo odziwika bwino.
Kuuluka kwa Melon
Ntchentche za Melon zimatha kupatsira mavwende m'madera a Siberia okhala m'malire ndi Kazakhstan. Nthawi yopita pandege imakulitsidwa ndipo imatenga pafupifupi mwezi. Ntchentche zachikazi zimayikira mazira pansi pa khungu la mavwende, pomwe masiku atatu mphutsi zimatuluka. Amalowetsa zamkati ndikuyamba kudya, ndikupanga maulendo angapo. Mphutsi zimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 5-10 mm, nthawi yamoyo ya masiku 10. Zipatso zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimawola, zosayenera kudya. Ndikotheka kudziwa chotupa cha ntchentche ndikubwera kwa mabowo ang'onoang'ono pamwamba pa mwana wosabadwayo momwe mphutsi zimalowa mkati.
Mutha kuwona chotupa cha ntchentche pakubwera kwa mabowo ang'onoang'ono pamwamba pa mwana wosabadwayo
Kwa prophylaxis, kulima kwakuzama kwa nthawi yophukira kumachitika (kukumba kwakatundu pansi kumapeto kwa yophukira), kupereka zokongoletsa za mbewu, mitundu yoyambirira imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yothandiza ndi kuteteza malo obzala ndi zovala zophimba (spanbond, lutrasil, etc.) ndi kachulukidwe ka 17 g / m2 nthawi yakuuluka.
Mankhwala othandizira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga Decis, Fufanon, Fitoverm, Iskra-Bio ndi othandiza. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuthawa kwa ntchentche ndi gawo la masiku 10-15. Malangizo amakonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.
Spider mite
M'malo otsekedwa, kangaude umamva bwino, ngakhale umapezeka paliponse. Zouma, zotentha kwambiri ndizabwino kwambiri kwa iye. Zovuta pamasamba (mbali zonse), zimayambira ndi zipatso (zowonongeka zazikulu). Zomera zowonongeka zimakhala ndi utoto wamtambo wachikasu, tsamba loonda limawonekera mkati mwa zimayambira komanso pakati pa masamba oyandikana. Masamba discolor ndi kufa, zimayambira akuwululidwa, fruiting yafupika.
Akafika mkati komanso pakati pa masamba, kangaude amagwiritsa ntchito masamba owonda
Pofuna kupewa m'malo obiriwira, topsoil imasinthidwa, kupukutidwa, ndikuchiritsidwa pafupipafupi ndi acaricides. Mutha kulimbikitsa Karbofos, Actellik, Apollo. Ndalamazi ziyenera kusinthidwa, popeza ndizowonjezera.
Kututa ndi kusunga
Poika mavwende zipatso posungira, ndikofunikira kudziwa molondola kukula kwa kukhwima. Zipatso zokhala ndi ukonde wofotokozedwa pang'ono, sizabereka ndipo sizinafike poganiza kuti zikacha. Zipatso zokhala ndi ukonde wathunthu zimacha mwachangu, ndipo moyo wawo wa alumali sudzatha miyezi iwiri. Mwa mphamvu, muyenera kudziwa tanthauzo la "golide".
Ngati mitunduyo ilibe ukonde, ndiye kuti imatsogozedwa ndi mtundu wa chikaso cha khungwa.
Kuti zisungidwe mavwende oyenera, omwe ku Siberia amapezeka kokha mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Mukakolola, phesi yotalika pafupifupi 5 cm imasungidwa kuti isungidwe. Mbewu zimasankhidwa ndi kukula ndi kukhwima. Pambuyo pake, amadzikongoletsa pamashelefu amatabwa mumzere umodzi. Muthanso kupachika zipatso kuchokera padengapo kapena matanda mu ukonde wa thonje lotayirira. Kutentha kwa 1-3 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 70-80%, mavwende amatha kusungidwa mpaka February komanso March.
Ma Melon osungirako amatha kupachikidwa maukonde kapena kumangirizidwa ndi chingwe
Ndikupezeka kuti m'nthawi yathu ino, mavwende amatha kulimidwa ku Siberia. Inde, m'malo osiyanasiyana, kukula komweko ndi kosiyana, koma izi siziyenera kusiya wokonda zenizeni. Kuthandiza wamaluwa - mabedi ofunda, zida zamakono zolowetsera, nyumba zokulirapo za polycarbonate, mitundu yosemedwa.
