Mphesa ndimakonda nyengo yotentha. Komabe, obereketsa akupanga mitundu yambiri yowonjezereka chifukwa cha nyengo yovuta ya Russia. Chimodzi mwazomwezi ndi mphesa zosakanizidwa za Monarch, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwa mabulosi achifumu komanso kukoma kwake kwambiri.
Nkhani yakulima haibridi ya Monarch
Mphesa za monarch zidawonekera chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa amateur E.G. Pavlovsky. Anapanga mitundu yatsopano podutsa mitundu ya mphesa ya Cardinal ndi Talisman. Nditawona zotsatira zake, mitundu yatsopanoyo idatchedwa dzina ndipo idayamba kutchuka pakati pa olima dimba. Komabe, a Monarch sanalandirebe kuvomerezedwa - sizinalembedwe m'kaundula waboma.
Kufotokozera za mphesa za Monarch
Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mphesa za Monarch umakhala ndi nthawi yakucha kwapakatikati - nyengo yakula ndi masiku 120-140. Zomera zimadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu. Mpesa umacha pafupifupi 1/3 ya kukula koyamba.
Maluwa a monarch ndi apawiri, odzipukuta okha. Pa tchire masango a sing'anga ndi kukula kwake (0.5 - 1 makilogalamu), silinda-wozungulira, mawonekedwe. Zipatso ndizambiri (15-20 g, mpaka 30 g).
Zipatso za monarch ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zimakhala ndi utoto.
Maonekedwe a zipatsozo ndi ovoid, khungu limakhala lakuthwa, labiriwira chikasu (lokhala ndi ubweya wonse wa amber wokhala ndi mtundu wofiirira). Mbewuzo ndizochepa, mabulosi aliwonse amakhala ndi zidutswa 1-2 zokha, nthawi zina mpaka 3, ndi chakudya zomwe sizimawoneka. Guwa ndi labwino kwambiri, lamtundu, losangalatsa modabwitsa chifukwa cha shuga wambiri. Chochititsa chidwi pakati pa mitundu ndi fungo labwino la nati.
Mphesa za monarch pavidiyo
Makhalidwe a Gulu
Kutchuka kwa mphesa za Monarch kumachitika chifukwa cha zabwino zingapo:
- koyambirira (Ogasiti 20-25) ndi zochulukirapo (mpaka 20 makilogalamu kuchokera ku chitsamba 1);
- mizu yabwino ya kudula;
- kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri (mpaka -25 zaC)
- kuchuluka kukana matenda ena;
- chiwonetsero cha maburashi ndi zipatso;
- Zipatso zatsalira pachitsamba sizimayankhula kwa nthawi yayitali;
- Makhalidwe abwino a zipatso omwe sasintha ndikusintha kwa nyengo;
- kukana mayendedwe chifukwa cha khungu lokwawa.
Palibe mtundu uliwonse womwe ungachite popanda zolakwika;
- mwa kuvala mosakonzekera, kuthirira ndi kudulira, chitsamba chimatha kuthira m'mimba;
- kukana kuyamwa ndi powdery mildew.
Mawonekedwe obzala ndi kukula
Kupambana kwa mphesa kumadalira kubzala ndi chisamaliro choyenera.
Zinsinsi za kubzala mphesa
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu mukabzala mphesa ndi kusankha koyenera kubzala. Mutha kukolola nokha zodula nokha kapena kugula mbande zokhala ndi mizu. Ngati mupeza phesi, onetsetsani kuti zigawo zake ndizobiriwira ndipo mukhale ndi masamba atatu pomwepo.
Mukamagula mmera womaliza, samalani ndi mizu - iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi njira zina zoyera.
Podzala, sankhani mbande yokhala ndi mizu yoyambira
Zidula zitha kumanikizidwa pa katundu wachikulire kapena zibzalidwe pamizu yanu.
Katemera, zodulidwa ziyenera kukonzedwa mosamalitsa kwa maola 14-16 m'madzi. Kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kukhala 15 zaC - pa kutentha, kudzutsidwa kwa kudulidwa ndikwabwino. Pambuyo akuwukha, kudula kudula kumamizidwa mu yankho la chowonjezera chowonjezera (sodium humate, heteroauxin, Epina). Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la uchi (supuni 0,5 pa malita 5 a madzi) monga wokuthandizani kukula. Zodulidwa zomwe zakonzedwa zimayikidwa mwamphamvu mu gawo logawanika la masheya ndikumangirira mwamphamvu tsamba logwirizanitsidwa ndi nsalu.
Katemera wa mphesa mu shtamb - kanema
Ngati mukufuna kumera mmera kuchokera ku phesi, muyenera kuyilowetsa m'madzi ndi chakukuza chokulirapo monga katemera. Pambuyo kulowa m'madzi, chubuk imayang'aniridwa kuti ikhale yoyenera ndikudina kuduladula ndi mpeni: ikakanikizidwa, dontho lamadzi limapezeka pachikuto chamtundu wapamwamba (chinyezi chambiri kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu kumawonetsa kuti chigwacho sichoyenera). Chubuk wokonzeka adaikha madzi kapena chidebe chonyowa. Nthawi zambiri amachita izi pakati pa nthawi yachisanu kuti mbande zakonzeka kubzala.
Mphesa za Chubuki zimazika mizu ngati ziziikidwa mumbale zonyowa
Pakakulitsa mbande, wamaluwa amalimbikitsa njira yotsatirayi. Mutha kutenga botolo la pulasitiki lopanda mbewu, ndikutsanulira nthaka ndi masentimita awiri. Chikho cha pulasitiki chodulidwa pansi chimayikidwa pamwambapa, kusiyana pakati pa makoma a botolo ndi kapu kumadzazidwa ndi dothi lonyowa. Mchenga woyera bwino wa sing'anga sing'anga, wowotchera ndi madzi otentha, umathiridwa mu kapu. Zitatha izi, chikho chimasulidwa mosamala.
Pakati pamchenga, kukhumudwa kumapangidwa (masentimita 5-6) ndipo phesi limayikidwa pamenepo, mchenga umathiridwa kuzungulira. Kenako, kuwaza pansi pa chidebe chilichonse ndi mchenga wouma ndikuphimba chogwirizira ndi mtsuko wagalasi kapena botolo la pulasitiki lodulidwa. Mchenga umafunika kuti uzizilitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kukula mbande za mphesa ku Chubuk - kanema
Pamene a Chubuki apereka mizu yawo, amathanso kubzyala panthaka. Muyenera kuchita izi pamene dothi limatentha mpaka + 12 ... +15 zaC ndipo sipadzakhala chowopsa cha chisanu obwereza.
Nthawi zambiri mbande zobiriwira zobiriwira zimabzalidwa theka lachiwiri la Meyi, ndipo ana a zaka 2 obzalidwa amadzalidwa kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi.
Asanabzale, mbande zimafunikira kuumitsidwa - zimatengedwa tsiku lililonse kwa maola angapo panja.
Kuti mukule bwino mphesa muyenera kumamupatsa malo otentha komanso kutentha kwadothi
Malo obzala mphesa ayenera kusankhidwa kukhala otentha kwambiri - kum'mwera kwa tsambalo, kotetezedwa ndi mphepo. Mtunda wopita mitengo yazipatso uyenera kukhala wa 3-5 m.
Dzenje lobzala liyenera kukhala ndi mainchesi ndipo lakuya pafupifupi mamilimita 0.8 Ngati dothi ladzaza ndi chinyezi, pangani dzenje lakuya masentimita 10 mpaka 15 ndikuyika njerwa ndikutsanulira pansi, pomwe amaikapo matabwa (osunga dothi). Dzenje limadzaza ndi michere ya 8-10 ndowa za humus zosakanikirana ndi dothi ndi michere ya mchere (0,3 kg iliyonse ya superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulfate ndi chidebe cha ma lita atatu). Dothi lochotsa chonde (5-6 cm) limayikidwa pamwamba pa pilo ya michereyo, kuti kuya kwa dzenjeralo kukhala masentimita 45-50. Mutha kukhazikitsa mapaipi oyenga kuti muchotsere mbewuyo pansi pazu ndi madzi ofunda mu dzenje.
Mphesa zimayikidwa mu dzenje mosamala, kuyesera kuti zisaswe mizu, owazidwa ndi dothi, ophatikizika ndi madzi (ndowa zitatu za madzi).
Kubzala mphesa masika - kanema
M'madera ozizira, kuwotcha kwadothi kowonjezerapo kumatheka. Pamwamba pa dothi mutabzala titha kumakutidwa ndi filimu.
Kusamalira mphesa
Kwa nthawi yoyamba mutabzala, gawo lofunikira kwambiri la chisamaliro ndikuthirira. Thirirani chomera chilichonse pakadutsa masiku 14-16 ndikukhazikitsa madzi, ndipo dothi likayamba kumera, limasuleni mpaka masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Mutha kuthira dothi ndi peat kapena utuchi.
Zomera zazikulu zimathiriridwa katatu pachaka (mu nyengo youma kwambiri - nthawi zambiri). Kutsirira koyamba kumachitika kumapeto kwa maluwa.
Ma Bush mapangidwe
Mphesa za monarch zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zipangidwe mu mphukira 4. Mipesa iyenera kumangirizidwa kwa trellises.
Kudulira kwamphamvu sikulimbikitsidwa - Monarch ikhoza kugwetsa ovary. Katundu woyenera pachitsamba amaperekedwa ndi kusiya 25-25 maso. Nthawi zambiri tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mphesa azidulidwa pokhapokha matendawa, koma zomwe zinapangidwa ndi omwe amapanga vinyo wosiyana ndi izi zimapereka njira ina.
Kuti tchire likule bwino, ndikofunikira kumangiriza ku trellises
Amfumuwo amasiyidwa osakhudzidwa mpaka zipatso zitapangidwa (mpaka kufika pamiyeso ya mtola). Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, mipesayo idakonzedwa pang'ono, ndikukoka mosamala ndi twine kupita ku trellis ndikusiyidwa pamenepa. Pa maluwa, mutha kuchotsa masamba ena amithunzi. Mabulo atapangidwa, mutha kuchotsa zowonjezera thumba losunga mazira, kudula mphukira zonenepa ndikumangiriza mipesa ku othandizira.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Mphesa zimayankha bwino feteleza, koma kusadyetsa mwadzidzidzi kumatha kuyambitsa zokolola zochepa.
Feteleza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha maluwa, apo ayi michere yonse imapita pakukula kwa mphukira.
Mukamasankha feteleza wa mineral, kumbukirani kuti mphesa sizilekerera mankhwala ena a chlorine. Zotsatira zabwino m'minda yamphesa zimaperekedwa ndi feteleza wovuta: ammophos, nitrophoska, Mortar, Kemira, Novofert. Zofufuza ndizothandiza kwambiri pa mphesa - boron, zinki, mkuwa.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika katatu pachaka: mutatha maluwa, masabata awiri 2-3 musanakolole komanso mukugwa. Mu nthawi yophukira, feteleza wachilengedwe amayamba - manyowa a mahatchi kapena ng'ombe (chowola) kapena yankho la mullein.
Feteleza amafunika kuyikamo ngalande zozama 0,2,5,5 m, ndikukumba mozungulira mphesa zapafupi.
Kudyetsa mphesa - kanema
Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Amfumuwo amalimbana ndi matenda. Mavuto amatha kumangidwa pokhapokha ndi ufa wa ufa, womwe umangokhudza maonekedwe ndi mtundu wa zipatsozo, komanso ungayambitse kupsa kwa mpesa. Pothana ndi matendawa, zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 1% Bordeaux fluid, womwe umachitika katatu pachaka.
Mwa tizirombo, munthu ayenera kusamala ndi mavu omwe amakonda kudya zipatso zamphesa ndipo amangosiya masamba opanda mabulosi. Ndizovuta kuopseza tizilombo ndipo mankhwala atizilombo amathandiza pang'ono pano (ndipo simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito maburashi a mphesa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo). Kuti muteteze mbewuyo, mutha kumangirira tchire chilichonse pachikwama cha nsalu yopepuka. Njira imeneyi, ndizowononga nthawi, koma imatsimikizira kupulumutsidwa ku mavu onse ndi mbalame.
Pogona mphesa nthawi yachisanu
Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira kwa wosakanizidwa a Monark ndiokwera kwambiri, koma ndibwino kusamalira kuteteza mbewuyi nthawi yozizira. Kuti tichite izi, ikadzaza m'dzinja, mipesa imachotsedwa mu trellis, yomangirizidwa m'magulu ndipo idagona pansi. Ena opanga vinyo amalimbikitsa kuphimba mipesa ndi dothi lapansi, koma mutha kumangiriza ndi udzu kapena udzu, kapena kuphimba ndi filimu.
Kuteteza mphesa ku chisanu, mipesa yomwe imatsitsidwa pansi imamangidwa ndi udzu kapena udzu
Kututa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Zokolola Monarch zitha kukololedwa mu khumi zapitazi za August. Maburashi amadulidwa ndi pruner ndikuyika mabatani kapena (makamaka) m'mabokosi amtengo. Gawo lina la zokolola lingasiyidwe tchire - limapachika kwa nthawi yayitali osaphwanyika.
Chifukwa cha khungu lowonda, Monster imalekerera mayendedwe bwino. Mutha kusunga zokolola mufiriji. Ndikofunikira kuti nthawi ndi nthawi musankhe zipatso zowonongeka. Ngati mbewuyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndibwino kuiisunga m'chipinda chozizirirapo, ndikulendewera mabataniwo. Kuti muwonjezere moyo wa alumali, mutha kuyika mbatata zazing'ono pazigawo za nthambi.
Monarch ndi ya mitundu ya patebulo, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati mwatsopano. Zipatsozo ndizaphikidwe kwambiri, ndiye kuti mphesa izi ndizabwino kupanga juwisi ndi vinyo.
Madzi a mphesa samangokhala okoma, komanso amowa kwambiri.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
GF Monarch, kubereketsa E. Pavlovsky Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti iyi ndi mabulosi oyenerera kwambiri, omwe amafanana ndi dzina lake: lachifumu kwenikweni! Kulemera kwa zipatso ndi 20 g. , Ndakumana ndi zambiri ndipo kwa 30 gr. , pomwe zina zowonjezera pamtchire sizinkagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kukomerako ndikosangalatsa: mnofu wowonda wosakanikirana ndi fungo labwino la nati.
Fursa Irina Ivanovna, Krasnodar Territory//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=63.0
Mmera wofikira monarch (Pavlovsky E) wolumikizidwa pa cober adagula kwa wolemba kasupe wa 2007. Mu 2008, pomwe zimakupiza, zimapereka chizindikiro cha masango asanu a kilogalamu imodzi. Mabulosi akuluakulu kwambiri, amtundu wa amber, osakhazikika, mosiyana ndi SUPER EXTRA, zamkati ndi wandiweyani, ndi mafuta opepuka a nati. Kutsegulidwa pa Ogasiti 20. Magawo awiri adafika pakati pa Okutobala ndipo adadyedwa. GF wolimba, kugonjetsedwa ndi mildew, oidium, imvi zowola. Zosalephera ku anthracnose.
Salchanin, Dera la Rostov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=795
Sindingathe kubwezeredwa kuchokera kwa monarch yemwe adalandira katemera zaka zingati. Tchire limakhala lamphamvu, mbewuyo ndi yosowa konse - ndipo masango onse sanasinthidwe, kupukutira ndikuipa, theka la nandolo wazipatso zili mumtsinde, masango omwewo ndi akulu ngati kanjedza kanga, zipatso zopitilira 20. Chifukwa chodzaza katundu nthawi zonse (osati mbali yanga, koma yolimbitsa thupi), mphukira zimanenepa, ndiye kuti nthawi yozizira imakhala yoipa kwambiri pachikhalidwe chosasinthika, ndipo "ikayamba kunyowa chifukwa cha cola, ndiyambiranso." Ndipo kotero chaka chilichonse pa tchire lonse 15. Sindikudziwika bwino m'matenda, sindinakumanepo ndi mankhwala, koma sindingapeze mbewu. Masheya ndiosiyana - onse a Riparia, ndi 101-14, ndi Kober - zotsatirazi ndizofanana. Ma nsonga ali okha. Ndimapinikiza, kutsina, kuti ana opeza azigwiritsa ntchito kupatsa osanenepa, koma palibe phindu lililonse, ndipo palibe mbewu yolera ana opeza
Krasokhina, Novocherkassk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=795
Ndidawerenga ndipo "ndidatsitsa" kuti sikuti Monitor amangodzaza ndi ine. Kuchokera pamabrashi panali mafupa okha. Palibe zipatso. Ndipo chaka chatha panali woyamba zipatso ndipo zonse zimapukutidwa bwino. Ndi zamanyazi. Ndiona momwe ziliri chaka chamawa ndipo ndidzakonzanso.
achibadwa//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-795-p-4.html
Monarch ine ndangokhala ndi chitsamba chimodzi chokha kuti ndidulidwe .. Maikolofoni yaulimi ngati ina yonseyi. Mabulosiwa sanawonongeke, akulu, koma sindingathe kufalitsa pamalowo. Kumwera kwathu sikufikira pamsika, pali mitundu ina yomwe Zimakhala zovuta kuti mfumu ipikisane.
Victor Boyko//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-795-p-4.html
Mphesa Monarch ndi woyenera kutenga malo m'munda wamphesa uliwonse. Zimafunikira njira yodziyendera payokha potengera kudulira, kuvala pamwamba komanso kuthilira, koma ngati zonse zofunika zakwaniritsidwa, zimapereka zipatso zambiri zazikulu ndi zokoma zipatso.
