Vriesia Splenriet, kapena Chokongola - chomera chodziwika bwino chokhala ndi maonekedwe ndi zachilendo maonekedwe ndi maluwa enieni. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira za kulima ndi kubalana kwa maluwa, mavuto omwe akukumana ndi olima maluwa a novice, komanso njira zothetsera maluwa.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Woimira aliyense wokonda kukongoletsera wa banja la bromeliad kuchokera ku South America - vrieseia (vriesea) - ndi wa mtundu wa herbaceous epiphytes. Yaikulu ndi yopapatiza, yokongola kwambiri komanso yophimba kumapeto kwake, yonyezimira ndi yosalala, masamba a Vriesia Splenriet amafika kutalika kwa 50-70 masentimita. 
Pakukula, chimbudzichi chimapanga chimbudzi chamkati, chomwe chimangothamangira madzi, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa zomera. Gombe ili ndilo "cholowa" chokha chimene maluwawo amadya madzi, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimalowa kudzera m'mamasamba panthawi yopanga zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa.
Nthawi zina masamba amdimawa amatha kukhala ndi mikwingwirima ya bulauni kapena maroon, chifukwa maluwawo amatchedwa Tiger Vriesia. Mtundu wa pedo-spiky uli ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri ndipo umakhala wolemera masentimita 40 mpaka 50, ndipo maluwawo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kamvekedwe ka chikasu komanso chophimba pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Epiphyte ndi zomera zomwe sizikusowa kulumikizana ndi nthaka. Pansi pa chilengedwe, amadya madzi amvula ndi zitsamba zam'madzi kuchokera ku nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo, miyala, ndi miyala yamtunda, yomwe ambiri mwa iwo amakhalapo.
Mitengo ya zomera
Kumtchire, mitundu yambiri ya zomerazi imakula, mwachiwonekere yofanana, yosiyana ndi mtundu wa masamba ndi maluwa, komanso msinkhu. Masambawo akhoza kukhala a mdima wobiriwira, amakhala ndi ma marble, kuwala kapena, poyerekeza, madontho a mdima, ndi mabala osiyana amawoneka mosiyanasiyana mumitengo yofiira, lalanje, yachikasu ndi yobiriwira.
Ndi masamba omveka
Mitundu yambiri ya vriezii yokhala ndi masamba okongola (zokonda zowonjezera zam'mlengalenga):
- Maonekedwe a parrot (kofiira kofiira kwambiri, pamphuno, pali kusintha kuchokera ku thotho lofiira mpaka lachikasu, masamba ndi monochromatic dark green).
- Kilevataya (keel-kapena masamba oboola ngalawa, omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi inflorescence, akuyenda kuchokera ku lalanje wofiira mpaka mtundu wachikasu).
- Astrid (kuwala kobiriwira ka masamba, kofiira kofiira).
- Sakanizani (wobiriwira masamba obiriwira, mabala a chikasu ndi ofiira).
Ndi masamba owongolera
Mitundu ya vriezii yomwe imakhala ndi masamba ofiira amtundu (mthunzi wa "smears" pamasamba ukhoza kukhala mu mtundu wosiyana kuchokera kubiri wobiriwira mpaka wofiirira kapena imvi):
- Zolemba (zowonongeka "zowonongeka" pamasamba, zomwe zimakhala ngati zizindikiro zambiri, maluwa ali ndi chikasu, chikasu - chowala chobiriwira).
- Zobisika (masamba ofiira ofiira, ophimbidwa ndi kotenga nthawi komanso osakanikirana a mdima wandiweyani, kukwapulidwa kwa inflorescence kumasiyana ndi maolivi bracts ndi zofewa chikasu maluwa).
- Vriesia Sanders (masamba opanda masamba omwe ali ndi lilac splashes, maluwa a chikasu).
- Ufumu wachifumu (kufika pamtunda wa mamita, peduncle ili ndi mthunzi wa pinki, inflorescence ili ngati mawonekedwe a mtundu wofiirira wa chikasu, masamba ali ndi mdima wobiriwira ndi mawanga a chikasu ndipo masamba ali pamwamba, masamba obiriwira a lilac ali pansipa)
Mavuto akukula
Mukasamalira duwa, m'pofunika kusunga chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipinda. Chizindikiro chomaliza chiyenera kukhala pamtunda womasuka - + 18 ... + 25 ° C, kutentha kwakukulu - + 22 ° C. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi cha 60-70%, kumira nthawi zonse (kutentha - 1-2 pa tsiku), komanso kuyika chotengera chotseguka ndi madzi pafupi ndi vriesia.
Mukamapopera mbewu mankhwala, samalani: madzi sayenera kugwa pa bracts. Maluwawo amachititsa kuti mvula ikhale yosasinthika, choncho ngati mvula ikuyenera kutetezedwa bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Vriesia amasiya kukula ngati chipinda chili otentha kapena chimakhala chozizira ndipo chimamwalira pamene kutentha kumadutsa pansi + 15 ° C.
Anatulutsidwa kuchokera ku madera otentha, vriesia wakula mthunzi wa tsankho ndipo ali ndi kuwala kofiira. Malo abwino oti akule ndi mawindo a mawindo omwe amayang'ana kummawa kapena kumadzulo. Komabe, monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, ngakhale malo akummwera a mphika ndi variezia ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kukula kwake ndi chitukuko (mosamala bwino, ndithudi).
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, amaloledwa kupanga duwa m'malo otseguka, koma ndi malo oyenera kutsekedwa kumalo otsekemera kuchokera ku dzuwa (kuteteza kutentha), makamaka nthawi ya 11 koloko mpaka 17 koloko madzulo. M'chaka ndi kasupe, nthaka mu gombe ndi vriezii ayenera kukhala nthawi zonse yonyowa, koma osati yonyowa, ndi m'nyengo yozizira - pang'ono zouma.
Zotsatira zofika
Mukagula duwa, yang'anani: masamba a chomera ayenera kukhala athanzi ndi zotanuka, ndipo mizu iyenera kukhala yotetezeka mu mphika pansi pa chivundikiro cha pansi. Kenaka, ganizirani momwe mungamerekere Vriesia. 
Kusankha kwa pot
Ngakhale kuti amagulitsa vriesia mu miphika, ikhoza kukhala ndi chilengedwe popanda chiwalo, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino pakati pa zomera zina. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mizu imakula bwino, posankha chombo chodzala duwa, ndibwino kuganizira kuti ayenera kuikidwa mu mphika kwenikweni "pafupi pomwe".
Gombe la ngalande pansi pa thanki limaonedwa kuti ndi lofunika. Zili bwino kusankha mabanki apamwamba ndi apamwamba kwambiri mpaka mamita 15 masentimita pamwamba: mu mphika wamba, zomera zimakhala ndi mwayi uliwonse wopitilira chifukwa cha mizu yake yodabwitsa.
Mukudziwa? Mtundu wa Vriesia unalengedwa mu 1843 ndi wasayansi wa ku British John Lindley, ndipo duwa limatchulidwa ndi dokotala wotchuka ndi botanist wochokera ku Holland - Willem Henrik de Vries.
Mukhozanso kuyesa kubzala maluwa pafupi ndi zochitika zachilengedwe za chitukuko cha epiphytes: mu khungwa kapena khungwa, mumphuno la mwala wawukulu, kapena pamphepete mwa ziwiri zotsiriza. Musanayambe vriezii pamalo odabwitsa, mizu yake ikhale yokutidwa ndi moss-sphagnum, chilonda ndi ulusi wa waya kapena waya ndikukonzekera mosamala pa chinthucho.
Pachifukwa ichi, kudyetsa kwa mbeu kumapangidwanso polepheretsa chomera ndikuchiyika m'madzi kwa maola angapo. Pambuyo pake, madziwo ayenera kuchotsedwa ku vriezii, ndipo pokhapokha maluwawo akhoza kubwezeretsedwa pamalo ake oyambirira. 
Kusankha ndi chithandizo cha nthaka
Monga dothi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigule mwapadera kwa mabanja omwewa ndi ofanana ndi zomera (bromeliads ndi orchids) chophimba chophatikiza ndi kuwonjezera mchenga, pine bark, tsamba la humus ndi sphagnum moss.
Kuloledwa kwadothi kwa nthaka: chifukwa chaichi, 1/3 ya mphika wa maluwa imalimbikitsidwa kudzazidwa ndi dongo lopukutidwa kapena dothi. Udindo wofunikira wa nthaka acidity ndi wotsika kapena wochepa. Pambuyo pokhala gawo lapansi, liyenera kutetezedwa ndi kuthirira ndi kuthirira ndi potassium permanganate kapena chowotcha mu uvuni.
Ndikofunikira! Ma spikes ayenera kukula pambali pa kholo la mbeu kwa miyezi 2-3. Pamene akukhala pafupi ndi iye, bwino mizu yawo idzapangidwe, kuchepa pang'ono kudzakhala ndipo mwinamwake adzakhazikika.
Tekeni yamakono
Chotsatira chazitsamba chodzala chimaperekedwa motere:
- Pansi pa chidebe chokonzekera kale, lembani ngalande (yosweka, dothi, makala kapena galasi laling'ono la munda) kuphatikizapo makala oletsedwa kuti asatayike mizu, acidification ndi chitukuko cha matenda ndi matenda a fungal.
- Thirani theka la nthaka chosawilitsidwa mu mphika.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala mizu ya mbeuyo, iikeni pansi ndipo mwapang'onopang'ono mudzawaza ndi zitsamba za nthaka kumbali ndi pamwamba pa chomeracho.
- Pofuna kufalitsa gawoli pamphika, ndikofunikira kugogoda mopepuka pa tebulo kapena pansi pamtunda.
- Gawo lotsiriza - kusuntha mphika ku malo osatha, omwe ayenera kukhala ofunda komanso ofatsa.
- Pambuyo pake, zomera zimadzazidwa ndi madzi ndipo zimasiyidwa mu dziko lino kwa kanthawi kuti zithe kusintha maluwa ku malo atsopano. Komanso, madzi ochepa ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi gawo lapansi.
- Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, ntchito zothandizira vrieseia zimagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zilili.
Kulima ndi kusamalira kunyumba
Ganizirani zofunikira za chisamaliro cha chomera chokongolacho mutakula muzolowera.
Feteleza ndi kuthirira
Maluwa okonda chinyezi alibe madzi okwanira okwanira nthaka: ngakhale palibe peduncle, thunthu liyenera kudzazidwa ndi madzi, lopangidwa kwa maola 24 ndi osasankhidwa kuchokera ku zowonongeka zowonjezera, kutentha kwa firiji, chifukwa kutentha kapena kuzizira kungayambitse maluwa. Kutentha kwa madzi otentha kwa ulimi wothirira ndi 22 ° C. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito thawed kapena madzi amvula.
Njira yoyenera ya kuthirira vriezii Splenriet m'nyengo yotentha, komanso kusinthitsa madzi pamtunda (kuti pasapezeke madzi okwanira) - 3-4 pa sabata. M'nyengo yozizira, malowa amadzaza ndi madzi kwa maola angapo, ndipo panthawiyi owonjezera amakhala ndi siponji yofewa. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kudonthedwa kwa gawolo kumakhala koyenera, chifukwa dampine ikhoza kuyambitsa mizu.
Ndikofunikira! Chomeracho chimakhudzidwa ndi fluorine ndi klorini m'madzi, kotero muyenera kusamala ndi kuthirira maluwa ndi madzi a pompopu.
Ngati madzi otsekemerawo samasunthika pakati pa ulimi wothirira, m'malo mwake muchotse chovalacho, penti ya thonje kapena nsalu zofewa. Kuwonjezera apo, onetsetsani kuti palibe fumbi, zinyalala kapena dothi lomwe limalowa muzitali zam'madzi - kusamvera lamuloli kumabweretsa chitukuko cha mabakiteriya omwe amaikapo zomera ndi zomera.
Pakati pa maluwa, mmalo mwake, kukhalapo kwa madzi m'tchire kumatsutsana, chifukwa kungayambitse maluwa mwamsanga. Kuti aesthetics, masamba a duwa akulimbikitsidwa kuti aziyeretsedwa nthawi zonse kuchokera ku fumbi ndi siponji yonyowa.
M'nyengo yozizira yophukira ndi yozizira, pamene kutentha mu chipinda kumasungidwa pa + 20 ° C ndi pansipa, 1-2 madzi okwanira pa masiku asanu ndi awiri okwanira. Malo osanjikiza a nthaka pakati pa ulimi wothirira ayenera kuuma osachepera 1 masentimita. Pa nthawi ino ya chaka, chomeracho sichiyenera kuikidwa pafupi ndi mabatire, ndipo mpweya mu chipinda uyenera kusungunuka bwino. Mtsitsi wa sphagnum ukhoza kuikidwa pambali ya maluwa kapena wetddddite umatha kuikidwa mu poto, komabe, kusungunuka kwa zotsalira zinyezi mu poto ziyenera kupeĊµedwa. 
Vriesia Shiny ali ndi chosowa cha feteleza yowonjezera nthawi yotentha ya chaka 3 pamwezi mvula isanakwane. Akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zovuta kuti zizitha kumera zomera zamaluwa. Chifukwa chakuti mizu ya chomera sichigwira nawo ntchito ya zakudya, kuchepetsedwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kavalidwe zimatsanuliridwa mu maluwa kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwala. M'nyengo yozizira, kudyetsa sikuchitika mpaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe.
Zovala zapamwamba zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa duwa ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira malire: zochepa, monga lamulo, zimatsogolera kukula ndi kufa kwa mbewu. Onetsetsani kuti zolemba za feteleza zosankhidwa ndizomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni, chifukwa zomwe zilipo zimakhudza veriesia. Calcium salola.
Phunzirani zambiri, momwe mungadyetse zomera zamkati.
Kuika kwazomera
Kuwedza kwa vrieesia mutagula kungasokoneze kukula kwa maluwa, kotero kuyendera koyamba kwa chomera kumalimbikitsidwa zaka zingapo musanayambe maluwa, mu May-June (nyengo ya chitukuko champhamvu ndi kukula kwa duwa). Lamuloli limakhudza mitundu ya achinyamata, kuika kwa mlimi wamkulu kumachitika kamodzi kokha kamodzi pa zaka 3-5 ndi maluwawo atatha.
Kuwotchera ndizopweteka kwa mbewu chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yofooka komanso yofooka. Monga momwe chiwonetsero chikuwonetsera, mutatha kuchita izi, vriezia ikhoza kuletsa chitukuko: chifukwa chake, ngati palibe chosowa chofunika, kusamba sikuyenera kuchitika.
Zomwe zimafunika nthawi zina:
- Kuwongolera ndi kuperewera kwa mphika kuti athe kulimbana ndi katundu pa gawo la masamba, chifukwa chake, kusakhazikika kwake;
- kukula kwachangu ndi kukula kwa mbewu, kupindula mofulumira kwa masamba;
- nthambi "ana" kuti cholinga cha kubalana.
Video: Transplantation ya spleenitis
Kufalitsa zomera
Ndondomeko ikhoza kuchitika mwa njira imodzi.
Njira ya Mbewu
Zowonongeka: N'zovuta kupeza mbeu, mbewu zawo zosawerengeka, maluwa oyambirira - pambuyo pa zaka 5-10.
Zolemba:
- Kusakaniza mbewu mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate.
- Chifukwa chofesa ndi chopangidwa moss-sphagnum kapena osakaniza mchenga.
- Kufesa, pogona ndi polyethylene kapena galasi, ulamuliro wa kutentha + 24 ° C.
- Zimayamba pambuyo pa masiku 10-20.
- Kukonzekera zokolola kuti zithetseketsa: Kuphimba kamodzi pa tsiku kwa mphindi zingapo sabata.
- Samping pambuyo pa miyezi itatu.
Njira zamasamba
Pachifukwa ichi, maluwa ayenera kuyembekezera kuti pasanafike zaka 4-5, ndipo zomera zingathe kuikidwa ngati zikufunikira, koma ndithudi miyezi 12 yokha mutabzala.
Zolemba:
- Kuchulukitsa kwa mbewu pamodzi ndi njira.
- Kusamba mizu m'madzi. Kuchiyeretsa icho pansi.
- Nthambi mothandizidwa ndi "makanda" omwe amachokera ku mizu yomwe ili ndi mizu yomwe imapanga mizu ya mayiyo pambuyo pa maluwa yatha, pokhapokha ikafika kuposa theka la maluwa aakulu. Pamene maluwa amamwali amwalira, njirazo, m'malo mwake, zimakula mwamphamvu.
- Mpweya umadula malasha, kuyanika mphukira kwa maola 20.
- Kubwezeretsa madzi ndi nthaka mu miphika yosankhidwa kwa ana.
- Kuyika mizu ya mphukira pakati pa ziwiyazo, zomera zazing'ono ndi ufa wonse.
- Miphika yogona ndi filimu ya "ana" yamaluwa, kusunga kutentha kosapitirira 27 ° C.
- Kuthamanga mobwerezabwereza mwezi wonse.
- Kuchotsa filimuyi ndi kusuntha miphika ku windowsills.
Kodi nyengo yamaluwa imakhala bwanji?
Nthawi yamaluwa ya vriezii Splenriet ndi February-April kapena May-July. Chomeracho chimapanga mphukira ya duwa, pomwe maluwa amangiriridwa. Mitengo yabwino yotentha ya maluwa a Vriesia ndi 25+ + 27 ° C, ndipo mlingo wa mpweya wa m'mlengalenga ndi osachepera 60%. Monga lamulo, limamasula kamodzi kokha, kanthawi kochepa maluwa amafota, amauma ndi kugwa.
Nkhonoyo imatha kukondweretsa diso ndi liwu lofiira, lalanje kapena lachikasu kwa nthawi yaitali (miyezi ingapo). Pamene kuyanika kumadulidwa kudulira. Kumapeto kwa maluwa a Vriesia, peduncle imadulidwa, ndipo kuthirira kumayimilira muzitali zam'mwamba, zomera zokha zimatha kuchotsedwa, chifukwa sizingapereke maluwa mobwerezabwereza. Izi zokha ziyenera kuchitika pambuyo pakuoneka "ana" okwanira mokwanira.
Mukudziwa? Chinthu chodziwika bwino (potsirizira pake chimadetsa ndi kuyanika) chinapangitsa kuti maluwawo ayambe kutchedwa Lupanga la Moto kapena Moto, komanso Lupanga labwino kwambiri.
Matenda omwe amatha kukula
Matenda okhudza vriezii ndi ofunika kwa onse a m'banja la bromeliad. Kuchepetsa chitetezo cha chitetezo cha mthupi kungayambidwe ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, mwachitsanzo:
- Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumathandiza kuoneka mawanga pa masamba, kutaya kwawo, komanso kusintha kwa fungo la nthaka;
- pogwiritsa ntchito supercooling, kutentha kwambiri kapena kuuma kwa mlengalenga, kukula ndi kukula kwa duwa kuima, deforms (kugwa, kuuma) ndi masamba amayamba kuchepa;
- inflorescences blanching angayambe chifukwa cha kusowa kwauni;
- Kuchulukira kwa madzi pamtunda, komanso gawo lapansi, kuchepa kwa madzi mu poto ndi nyengo yozizira yomwe sivomerezeka kwa chomera kumapangitsa kuti kuvunda kwa peduncle kukhale kovuta;
- Kuuma kapena zochitika zina za madzi zomwe sizilandiridwa kuti zitheke kulima vriezii zingayambitse kuuma ndi kupeza chikhomo cha mabokosi pamphepete mwa masamba;
- Kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa chomera kumawoneka ngati mawanga pa masamba ndi zouma pamwamba pa mthunzi wofiirira;
- Kupanda mpweya wokhala m'chipinda kungapangitse bowa ndi kuphulika kwa masamba.
Zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la kusowa kwa mphuno ndi:
- kutentha kwapansi;
- zotsatira zolakwika za zojambula;
- kusowa kowala ndi chinyezi.
Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda kapena kuukira pa duwa la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mawonekedwe ake oipa.
Mukudziwa? Vriesia alibe miyambo, mmalo mwake, amakhalabe ndi mphukira zomwe zimangokhala chomera chokha.
Tizilombo todziwika:
- Shchitovka bromeliyevy ndi wakuda. Zizindikiro: "chishango" chodziwika bwino cha sera pa masamba. Chithandizo: Mankhwala amachotsani tizilombo zomwe zimadyetsa zomera komanso zimapanga masamba, komanso kuchotsa mphutsi zawo pansi pamunsi mwa masamba ndi nsalu yofewa, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi sopo kapena mowa (15 g / ml sopo / madzi okwanira 1 litre). madzi kapena supuni 1-2 za mowa kwa madzi omwewo). Ngati ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi siibweretsa ubwino, kapena chiwerengero cha tizilombo ndi chachikulu kwambiri, nkofunika kuti tizitsata mankhwala ndi mankhwala (Karbofos, Fitoverm, Fufa-Nova kapena Actellic). . Njirayi ikhoza kuchitika masiku 3-4.
- Mealybug Zizindikiro: Kuphimba kanyumba kakang'ono, kutayira shuga, bowa wakuda. Kuchiza: Zowonongeka za mbeuyo ziyenera kupukutidwa ndi sopo kapena mowa mankhwala. Pamene chimbudzi chachikulu chikugwiritsidwa ntchito, mankhwalawa "Karbofos" kapena "Aktar" molingana ndi mlingo wofotokozedwa ndi wopanga.
- Mphunzi wamtambo. Chimodzi mwa tizirombo zoopsa kwambiri za bromeliads, zomwe, chifukwa cha kudumpha kwa nthaka, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale pansi pa mizu, zomwe zimawachititsa kuvunda. Chithandizo: Choyamba chofunika ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi kwa ulimi wothirira, chachiwiri ndizokhazikitsa njira yothetsera tizilombo Fazalona (3%) kapena Karbofos. Ngati kachilomboka kanakhala kovuta kwambiri, mbewuyo iyenera kuwonongedwa.
- Nkhumba zofiira. Zimakhudza maluwa ngati digiri yofunikira ya chinyontho sichikhala m'nyumba. Zikuwoneka ngati zikuphimba masamba ndi ulusi wochepa wa webusaiti, kuwonjezera blanching wa masamba, kuwona, ndikuwonetsetsa. Pofuna kumenya nkhondo, njira yothetsera sopo, Zolon, Phosbecid kapena Decis yokonzekera imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malo a Leaf - matenda oopsa a fungalomu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito masamba a zomera. Awonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe pambuyo pake amatembenuzidwa kukhala mikwingwirima yakuda.
Chithandizo:
- kukonzanso ulimi wothirira;
- kuchotsedwa kwa mbali zokhudzana ndi maluwa;
- chithandizo cha zomera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Zosamvetsetseka kwambiri ndikusamalira, komanso poyerekeza ndi maluwa ena amkati, zomwe zimafuna khama lalikulu pamene zikukula mu malo, koma zokongola kwambiri Vriese Splenriet ndi chomera chokongoletsera, chomwe chiyenera kukongoletsa mkati, zomwe zimakhala zokongola kwambiri zomwe zimakondweretsa diso. Komanso, vriezii amakhudzidwa bwino ndi kuyeretsa ndi kutulutsa mpweya.
