Rinda F1: mawonekedwe a chipatso cha kabichi chosakanizidwa

Malo omwe anali ndi kabichi yoyera pakati pa mbewu zamasamba ena adatsimikizidwanso ndi makolo athu - adamutcha mfumukazi ya munda. Masiku ano, mtengowu umasangalalanso kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi, nzimbe za kabichi zatulukira kuposa mitundu ya kholo. Rinda F1 kabichi, yemwe ali ndi machitidwe okoma kwambiri, ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha zokolola ndi kupirira kwa mbadwo watsopano wa hybrids.

Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a kabichi Rinda F1

Rinda F1 ndi chosakanizira cha kabichi yoyera, yomwe inapezeka ku kampani ya Dutch Monsanto. Pafupi ndi dzina la mitunduyo pali chisonyezo "F1" - izi zikutanthauza kuti tili ndi haibridi a m'badwo woyamba.

Mitundu yopangidwa ndi F1 imalandira zikhalidwe zabwino kwambiri za mitundu ya makolo ndipo imadziwika ndi zochuluka komanso kukhazikika. Komabe, malinga ndi malamulo a genetics, m'badwo wachiwiri (F2), mbewu zokhala ndi zinthu zofanana ndi F1 sizidzakula kuchokera pambewu zomwe adatola. Mbadwo wachiwiri udzagawanikana ndi otchulidwa, chifukwa chake chosautsa chachikulu cha hybrids ndi kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito njere zawo.

Rinda, monga ma hybrids ena ambiri, ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zithetse zochuluka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala kuthana ndi tizirombo. Ma makemikolo amadzalidwa bwino ndi njira zothandizira kubereka.

Hybrid Rinda F1 adaphatikizidwa m'kaundula wa zikwanzo zosankhidwa m'chigawo cha Central ndi Volga-Vyatka mu 1993. Komanso kabichi amaloledwa kuti azilima ku Northwest, West Siberian ndi East Siberian. Rinda amalimbikitsidwa kuti azilimidwa machitidwe opanga zida. Komabe, chifukwa chosabereka, idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri osati m'minda ya alimi, komanso mabedi amateur m'magawo onse.

Gome: Zolemba za Agrobiological za kabichi Rinda F1

Rinda ali ndi nthawi yakucha yapakati pa masiku 120-140 kuyambira pakubzala mbewu m'nthaka mpaka nthawi yaukadaulo wa mitu ya kabichi. Zochuluka ndizambiri, pafupifupi 9 kg / m², ndipo ndiukadaulo woyenera waulimi amatha 14 kg / m². Zomera zimatha kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, koma tikakula pamizu ya acidic, kupirira kabichi kumachepa.

Mu rosette yokwezedwa komanso yaying'ono, mutu wozungulira umapangidwa kuchokera kumaso obiriwira obiriwira. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a wopanga, unyinji wa mitu kabichi umachokera pa kilogalamu atatu mpaka anayi, koma zomwe zachitika zikuwonetsa kuti amatha kufikira ma kilogalamu asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi atatu.

Mutu wa kabichi Rinda kuzungulira, Rosette wa masamba theka-wokhazikika, wopindika

Kabichi ya Rinda ili ndi malonda kwambiri chifukwa cha mutu wowuma wa kabichi komanso chitsa chochepa kwambiri chamkati. Mtundu womwe uli m'chigawocho ndi wachikasu.

Mitu ya kabichi Rinda wandiweyani, pamtundu wa mtundu wachikasu

Kukoma kwambiri kabichi kumadziwika mukamadyako mwatsopano komanso poganiza. Moyo wa alumali sutali kwambiri (miyezi 2-4), koma pali ndemanga kuti ma cabbages adasungidwa mpaka Meyi popanda zinyalala zazikulu.

Vidiyo: Unikani kabichi ya Rinda yakucha pamunda

Zabwino, zoyipa ndi mawonekedwe a wosakanizidwa

Kudziwitsa zoyenera ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtengowo zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi pakukula ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Rinda ali ndi zabwino zingapo:

• nyengo yochepa yophukira (itha kubzalidwa m'njira zopanda mbewu pafupifupi zigawo zonse);
• zokolola zambiri;
• kukana matenda ndi tizirombo;
• mkulu wamalonda (mutu wowonda wa kabichi, chitsa chaching'ono chamkati);
• kukana kuphwanya ndi kuwombera;
• kuphatikizika kwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (zatsopano komanso zowotcha);
• kukoma kwakukulu kwa kabichi yatsopano ndi zinthu zokhathamira.

Rinda kabichi ali ndi zovuta zochepa

• moyo waufupi wa alumali (miyezi 2-4);
• nthaka yokhala ndi acidity yambiri siyabwino kulimidwa;
• kulephera kotola mbewu zawo (monga ma hybrids onse).

Kubala zipatso zambiri, kupirira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito ndi zinthu zazikulu za kabichi ya Rind. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu yapakatikati ya nyengo ndi ma hybrids, Rinda ndiwopambana pamtundu wa Krautman, Kilaton ndi Midor hybrids, Podarok, Slava Gribovskaya 231 ndi Belorusskaya 455, koma otsika ku Nadezhda. Rinda ali ndi zokolola zomwezi ndi Megaton wosakanizidwa, koma kulimbana kwake ndi matenda ndikokwera ndipo kulimba kwake ndikwabwino.

Pankhani ya moyo wa alumali, Rinda ndiwotsika pamitundu yambiri ndi ma hybrids. Mitundu yotsatira ya kabichi ikhoza kusungidwa kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu: Aggressor F1, Amager 611, Snow White, Kolobok F1, Zimovka 1474.

Popeza kabichi ya Rinda ndi yowutsa mudyo ndipo imakhala ndi kakomedwe kabwino (kotsekemera komanso kopanda kuwawa), imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga masaladi atsopano, ndipo imayenereranso kupatsa, kuphika chophika kabichi ndi mbale zina ndi mankhwala othandizira kutentha. Sauerkraut imakhalanso yokoma - yowutsa mudyo komanso khrisipi.

Rinda sauerkraut amakonda kwambiri - zipatso komanso zonyoza

Zambiri za kubzala ndi kukula kabichi Rinda

Wophatikiza Rinda ndi woimira wosadzimira wa banja lake, koma, pakukula kudzakhala kofunikira kuganizira zina zake.

Momwe mungadziwire nthawi yofesa mbewu za mbande ndi nthaka

Kuti mudziwe nthawi yofesa mbewu za kabichi ya Rind pambewu, muyenera kuganizira izi:

• Nthawi yodzala mbande panthaka. Mbande imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -5 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwabwino kuti ikule ndi 15-17 ° C, chifukwa chake, kudziwa nthawi yobzala pamabedi otseguka, nyengo ya nyengo iyenera kukumbukiridwa. Pakati pa Russia, mbande za Rinda zimabzalidwa theka lachiwiri la Meyi.
• Nthawi yakumera mbande kuyambira pomwe mbewu imamera ndikubzala mu nthaka. Ndipafupifupi masiku 35 za haibridi.
• Nthawi kuyambira kufesa mbewu mpaka mbande ndi masiku 6-10.

Poyerekeza izi, titha kudziwa kuti mbewu zifunika kufesedwa masiku 40-45 mbande zisanabzalidwe m'nthaka, ndiko kuti, koyambirira kapena kumapeto kwa Epulo.

Zimadziwika kuti mukafesa mbewu panthaka, nthawi yolima imachepetsedwa ndi masiku 15-18. Izi ndichifukwa choti mbewu sizifunikira nthawi yowonjezeranso kuti muzikonzanso mizu yomwe idawonongeka nthawi yobzala. Chifukwa chake, nthangala za Rinda zimafesedwa poyera kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Meyi, ndipo mitu ya kabichi ipsa pamenepa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena Seputembala.

Kodi mbewu za Rinda wosakanizidwa

Mbeu za Rinda, monga ma hybrids onse, zitha kugulitsidwa kuti ziwonjezeke komanso kuthiridwa.

Ikakhala yodzala, mbewuyo imalandira chithandizo chamankhwala oyamba, kupera (khungu limachepetsedwa kuti ikwaniritse michere ndi chinyezi) komanso kupewetsa matenda. Kenako amaphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza wowonda wosakaniza ndi madzi osungunuka ndi zoteteza, zomwe zimakhala ndi mtundu wowala mosazolowereka.

Mbeu zoterezi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa masiku onse, chifukwa zimapezeka chifukwa cha ntchito yolimba yamanja ndi maluwa ndi mungu. Ali ndi kumera kwa 95-100% ndi mphamvu zam'mera zambiri.

Mbewu zolocha zimakonzedwa kale ndi wopanga - ali ndi kumera kwambiri komanso mphamvu zam'mera

Kampani yaku Dutch Seminis Vegetable Mbeu (mu 2005 idagulidwa ndi kampani ya Monsanto) imatulutsa nthanga zoyambirira za kabichi ya Rinda (komanso mitundu ina yopitilira 2200). Seminis ndi amodzi mwa omwe amapanga kwambiri mbewu zosakanizidwa, zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa ogulitsa, ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa kwathunthu.

Pakugula mbewu za Rinda mumsika wamateur, makampani olimbikitsidwa amalimbikitsidwa, monga kampani yaulimi ya Gavrish (yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1993), kampani yaulimi ya Altai Semyon (pamsika kuyambira 1995), ndi kampani ya ukadaulo wa Agros (wopitilira zaka 20 pamsika), Agrofirm "SeDeK" (pamsika wa mbewu kuyambira 1995). Mbewu zimayikidwa mu zidutswa za 10-12 ndipo zimagulitsidwa m'matumba awiri osanjikizika (mkati mwake, nthawi zambiri zojambulazo).

Zithunzi Zithunzi: F1 Rinda mbewu zosakanizidwa kuchokera kumakampani odziwika bwino ogulitsa mbewu

Pogula mbewu zomwe sizinakhazikitsidwe, mankhwala omwe amabzala m'mbuyomu amachitika palokha pogwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito: kuchepa, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuwonda ndi kuwumitsa.

Kubzala kabichi

Ngati pali chikhumbo chofuna kubzala mbewu nthawi yoyambirira, ndiye kuti mbande zimamera kale.

Mbewu zofesedwa mpaka 1 cm. Mukabzala mbewu zobisika, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuyanika dothi ndi kosavomerezeka, chifukwa chipolopolo chosakwanira sichingalole kuti zimere. Kulima mbewu zonse za Rinda kulibe kanthu.

Zikamera, mbewuzo zimapatsidwa kutentha koyenera (usiku 8-10 ° C, tsiku 15-17 ° C) ndi kuwala (kuyatsa kwa maola 12-15 patsiku) modes. Madzi pang'ono, kusungabe chinyezi. Masamba enieni 1-2 akapezeka pa mbande, mbewu zimadumphira m'madzi. Pakapita kusankha, amadyetsedwa kawiri ndi feteleza wovuta wa mchere. Asanabzala, mbande zimawuma. Masamba enieni ngati 5-6 atayandikira pafupi ndi mbande, itabzalidwe pabedi lotseguka m'munda.

Potseguka, mbande zimabzala pomwe masamba enieni a 5-6

Mukukula Rinda, monga kabichi iliyonse, dothi lodzala ndi loyenera kwambiri. Kabichi imamera bwino pamtunda wosaloledwa komanso pang'ono acidic (pH 6.5-7.5). M'pofunika kusunga malamulo a kasinthasintha wa mbeu: musabzale kabichi pamalo amodzi, komanso pambuyo pazomera zina zopacika zaka zitatu mpaka zinayi.

Malo omwe amafikira amasankhidwa ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso woyatsidwa bwino. Ndi mpweya wabwino, kabichi ya Rinda, ngakhale ili ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri, imatha kuwoneka ngati nthenda za fungus, komanso m'malo osasunthika, ngakhale osagwirizana ndi kuwombera, mutu sudzapanga.

Rinda kabichi iyenera kukhala yotseguka ndikuwala bwino

Ndikwabwino kukumba dothi lodzala kabichi ya Rinda m'dzinja. Pamodzi ndi kukumba pa 1 m² pangani makilogalamu 10-15 a manyowa kapena humus ndi 30-35 g ya superphosphate iwiri, komanso, ngati pangafunike, laimu.

Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa Rinda ndiwokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, motero njira yobzala imalimbikitsidwa 65-70x50 masentimita - ndi makonzedwe awa, mbewuzo zidzakhala ndi malo okwanira opanga bwino. Mbande zibzalidwe mokwanira ndi kuthilira ndi humus ndi mitengo phulusa mbande, kuzikulitsa mpaka tsamba loyambira.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Rinda, monga kabichi iliyonse, amafunika kuthirira pafupipafupi, kupatsa hill ndi kudyetsa.

Thirirani mbande imodzi 1 m'masiku atatu. Pakatha milungu iwiri, mbande ikamera, nthawi yambiri madzi okwanira amacheperanso kamodzi pakapita masiku 4-7. Panthawi yokula kabichi, kabichi imamwetsedwa tsiku lililonse, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo pamafunika chinyezi chambiri. Pafupipafupi komanso magwiritsidwe antchito amasinthidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mvula. Ngakhale kuti mtundu wa Rinda wosakanizidwa umagwirizana ndikukhota mitu pa mpesa, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa masabata awiri musanakolole.

Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kumasula dothi komanso nthawi yomweyo kuti mukule mbewu. Kuchita koyamba kumachitika pakatha masabata awiri mutabereka. Kenako amapitilira masabata awiri aliwonse ndipo amachita izi mpaka masamba atatseka.

Wophatikiza Rinda, monga kabichi iliyonse, amachotsa michere yambiri m'nthaka, chifukwa chake amafunika kudyetsedwa. Patatha masabata awiri ndi atatu ndikuyika mbandezo m'nthaka, mbewuzo zimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni, poyambira mapangidwe a mitu kabichi, ndi feteleza wovuta (nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potashi), masabata awiri mutatha kudya kwachiwiri, ndi superphosphate ndi kuwonjezera kwa zinthu.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Rinda wosakanizidwa limagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, pomwe wakula, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kuchita zinthu zodzitetezera. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziyang'ana mbewu nthawi zambiri.

Matendawa atazindikira msanga, pamakhala mwayi wopulumutsa mbewuzo. Zomera zophatikizidwa zimayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti zisunge kabichi yonse.

Komanso kupewa matenda, njira zotsatirazi zaulimi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• kutsatira malamulo otembenuza mbewu (kabichi ndi mbewu zophatikizika sizingalimidwe malo amodzi kuposa zaka 3-4);
• nthaka acidity ulamuliro;
• kulima kwa solanaceous, liliacet ndi mbewu zongokulitsa misasa m'malo okhala ndi matenda (mwanjira imeneyi nthaka "imachilitsidwa", popeza mbewu izi zimawononga spores);
• kuperewera kwa mbande zogulidwa ndi Fitosporin, kukonzekera kwa sulufufu, ndi zina zambiri;
• kutsatira njira yayitali yaukadaulo kukulitsa chitetezo chazomera.

Kuchokera pa wowerengeka popewa matenda, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opaka tsabola, ma hatchi kapena ma marigold.

Popewa kuwononga tizilombo, njira zaulimi ndi wowerengeka azitsamba zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kukumba mozama dothi mu kugwa kumapangitsa kuti mphutsi zife. Ndikofunikira kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga zitsa zonse ndi namsongole wa banja lopachikidwa munthawi yake. Kubzala pakati pa masamba a kabichi marigolds ndi maambulera mbewu (katsabola, kaloti, fennel, ndi zina) kumathandiza kupewetsa tizirombo.

Kubzala ma Marigold pa Mabatani a Kabichi Amathandizira Kuthetsa Tizilombo

Kuchokera pa wowerengeka azitsamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala ndi infusions (chowawa, burdock, anyezi, tsabola wotentha, nsonga za mbatata, celandine). Mutha kuyala mbozi pamabedi kuti muziwopseza thonje.

Njira zopewera zoterezi zithandiza kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osungira mbewu kuti asunge mbewu.

Kulima kabichi ya Rinda m'njira yopanda mbewu

Popeza Rinda amalola kutentha kwambiri, ndikotheka kufesa mbewu nthawi yomweyo. Pakutero, mbewuzo zimatha kugonjetsedwa ndi kusowa kwa chinyontho, chifukwa popanda kufalikira ndi mizu imalowa kwambiri mu dothi.

Zofunikira pakukonza ndi kubzala nthaka ndizofanana ndi nthawi yobzala mbande. Pansi pa dzenjelo tengani ochepa a humus osakanizidwa ndi supuni ya phulusa, nyowetsani dzenjewo ndikufesa mbewuzo mwakuya masentimita 1-2 Ngati kumera kwa mbeu kukayikira, ndibwino kuyika mbewu ziwiri pa bowo. Mabedi ndi okutidwa ndi filimu. Mutha kuphimba chitsime chilichonse ndi botolo lagalasi kapena botolo la pulasitiki lokhala pansi. Zomera nthawi zambiri zimapumira mpweya, ndikuchotsa pogona.

Mbeu za kabichi zimabzalidwa dzenje ndi chisakanizo cha humus ndi phulusa mpaka kuya kwa masentimita 1-2

Mbewuzo zikamamera, mbande zowonjezera zimachotsedwa, ndikusiya mbewu zolimba. Pambuyo pakuonda, zitini sizichotsedwa mpaka atayamba kuletsa mbewuzo kuti zisaphukire. Mbewu zikafika msentimita 8-10, mbewu zimafunikira kutheka. Komanso, kakulidwe kabichi kamabzala ndi nthangala panja sikusiyana ndi kusamalira mbande zobzala.

Kanema: Njira imodzi yodzalirira kabichi poyera

Ndemanga

Ndinayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi yoyera: SB-3, Megaton, apongozi anga, Rinda F1 ndi ena .. Kwambiri ndimakonda Rinda F1 (mndandanda wama Dutch) komanso kuchokera koyambirira kwa Nozomi F1 (mndandanda waku Japan). Ndikwabwino kuti tisatenge mbewu zathu zowonjezera izi, sizinaphuke kuchokera kwa ine (mbewu za Altai, Euroseeds). Ndimalima mbande m'bokosi: mitengo iwiri pansi ndi bokosi lokhala ndi dimba pamtengo. Pafupifupi madzi okwanira malita asanu ndi amodzi a 5-6 kuti athe kulipira mafuta.Asanatuluke, ngati kuzizira, bokosilo limatsekedwa pamwamba ndigalasi. Usiku ndimatseka ndi agril wakale (spanboard). Pazithunzi zomaliza za Rind F1 mkatikati mwa Seputembala, adadula kabichi iyi patatha mwezi umodzi, pakati pa Okutobala, pambuyo pa chisanu choyambirira. Ine.e. anakhalabe ndi kulemera kwa mwezi umodzi.

Kabichi ya Rinda kabichi patatsala mwezi umodzi kuti nthawi yokolola ikhale kale yosangalatsa

krv

//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t49975.html

Chaka chatha adabzanso Rinda, adaikonda kwambiri, ndipo adangoikamo, ndipo masikono a kabichi ndi abwino kutokota. Sindikudandaula ndi mbande, ndidabzale kumayambiriro kwa Juni, ngakhale mbewuzo zidamera kale, zonse zidakula bwino, ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kale kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.

Perchinka

//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t49975.html

Chaka chatha, adakula Rinda. Ndipakatikati-koyambirira, ndikusangalala, mu August mudadya kale. Ndidakulitsa mbande kunyumba, pansi - koyambirira kwa Meyi. Chaka chino, Nozomi woyamba ndiye woyamba wabzalidwa. Mbewu zake ndizodula, kuchokera pa mbewu 10, zonse zidamera, koma palibe amene adafika m'mundamo - adamwalira. Ndinadandaula kuti sindinabzale Rinda. Kunyumba, mitundu yoyambirira ya mbande za kabichi imamva bwino.

Mayi choli

//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t49975.html

Chithunzicho sichabwino kwambiri, mphutsi zimakonda kwambiri. Ndikafika mochedwa mu June, mitu yabwino ya kabichi 2-4 kg. Osati oak, chokoma .. Osachepera saladi, osachepera kabichi masikono, kutsata kapena kusungira - konsekonse.

Ndikutenga mochedwa (mu June), kabichi ya Rinda yapita 2-4 kg

Cinderella

//tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php/topic.8910.0.html

Kwa zaka zingapo, kuphatikiza mitundu yatsopano, ndakhala ndikubzala Rindu kuti ndikope, ndi Teschu wapakati kuti ndidye. Rinda samapereka mitu yayikulu kwambiri ya kabichi, koma imakhala yokoma ndipo imakhala muchipinda chapansi mpaka Meyi, masamba ndi ofewa, oyenera yokutidwa ndi kabichi.

Tikhonovna

//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12329/page-7

Kwa ine, mitundu yabwino kwambiri komanso yokhazikika ndi Rinda. Ndakhala ndikulima kabichi iyi kwa zaka zambiri ndipo nthawi zonse ndimakhala ndi zokolola zabwino; mitundu ina patsamba langa nthawi zonse imakhala yotsika ndi Rinda pamtundu wabwino.

Katherine May Oganiza

//otvet.mail.ru/question/173605019

Rinda moyenerera amasangalala ndi kulima kwa alimi ndi olima dimba. Wophatikiza ndi wopanda ulemu ndipo amalabadira chisamaliro chabwino. Wokhalamo chilimwe popanda chidziwitso cha kukula kabichi angayambe kucheza ndi chikhalidwe ichi kuchokera ku Rinda. Zomera, monga lamulo, sizifunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala chifukwa chokana kwambiri matenda. Chifukwa cha zokolola zake, kupirira komanso kukoma kwabwino, kabichi ya Rinda sataya kutchuka kwake pakati pa opanga ndi ogula.