Sanka: mitundu yotchuka ya phwetekere yoyambirira

Tomato Sanka adapezeka pagulu zaka 15 zapitazo ndipo nthawi yomweyo adayamba kukondana ndi wamaluwa. Zosiyanasiyana zikufunabe mpaka pano, kuthana ndi mpikisano womwe ukupitilira kuchokera pakubadwa kwatsopano. Chitani nawo zabwino zake zambiri. Makamaka nthawi zonse wamaluwa amatchula chodzikongoletsa ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala wopanga zambiri, ngakhale ali m'malo abwino kwambiri nyengo ndi nyengo. Ndizofunikanso kuti zipatso za Sanka zipse imodzi yoyamba.

Kufotokozera zamitundu mitundu ya phwetekere Sanka

Mitundu yamtundu Sanka idalembedwa mu State Register ya Russian Federation kuyambira 2003. Uku ndiko kupambana kwa obereketsa aku Russia. Poyesedwa, amalimbikitsidwa kuti azilimidwa m'chigawo cha Central Black Earth, koma kuchita kumawonetsa kuti ali ndi mwayi wokhoza kuzolowera nyengo zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizili nthawi zonse nyengo yabwino komanso nyengo iliyonse yolizira. Chifukwa chake, Sanka imatha kukhala yakukula pafupifupi Russia, kupatula Far North. Chapakati pake nthawi zambiri chimalimidwa malo otseguka, ku Urals, Siberia, ku Far East - m'malo obiriwira komanso greenj m'nyumba.

Tomato Sanka, atangowonekera, adatchuka mwachangu pakati pa olimi a ku Russia

Masamba a phwetekere, popanda kuwonongeka kwakukulu, amaloleza nyengo yozizira mu chirimwe ndi chilimwe, mvula yambiri, amapirira ndi kusowa kwa dzuwa. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti pali chitetezo pamazira obwerera masika. Mukabzala mbewu kapena mbande panthaka kwambiri, zinthu zobzala zimangofa zikakumana ndi kutentha kozizira. Matomawa nawonso alibe zofunikira kwambiri pamtundu wa gawo lapansi.

Sanka ndi osiyanasiyana, osati wosakanizidwa. Mbewu zochokera ku tomato zomwe zakula zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pkubzala nyengo yotsatira. Komabe, kuchepa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono sikungapewere, njira zina "zimasokonekera", tomato "zimatha". Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukonzanso nthanga kamodzi pa zaka 5-7.

Tomato wa Sanka amathanso kubzulidwa kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe zimatengedwa palokha mu nyengo yotsiriza

Mwa kukhwima, mitunduyi ndi ya gulu loyamba. Sanka imatchedwa kuti Ultra-preocious, chifukwa amabweretsa imodzi mwazomera zoyambirira. Pafupifupi, pafupifupi masiku 80 amachoka pakuwonekera kwa mbande kuchokera ku mbewu kukafika kwa tomato woyamba. Koma zambiri zimatengera nyengo yomwe ikula. Kumwera, mwachitsanzo, Sanka imatha kuchotsedwa kuthengo patatha masiku 72-75, ndipo ku Siberia ndi Urals, nthawi yakucha imachedwetsedwa kwa milungu ina 2-2,5.

Sanka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutalika kwa chomeracho sikungathe kupitirira mtengo “wokhazikitsidwa” ndi obereketsa. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yosatsimikiza, tsinde silitha ndi kukula, koma ndi burashi wamaluwa.

Kutalika kwa tchire ndi 50-60 cm. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, amakula mpaka 80-100 cm. Palibe chifukwa chomangirira. Sakuyenera kukhala wopeza. Ichi ndi chophatikiza chachikulu chamaluwa a novice omwe nthawi zambiri amadula mphukira zolakwika konse.

Mapesi otsika Sanka safuna garter ndi mapangidwe

Chomera sichitha kutchedwa kuti masamba. Ma mbale a masamba ochepa. Ma inflorescence oyamba amapangidwa mu sinus wa tsamba 7, ndiye kuti pakati pawo pali masamba 1-2. Komabe, kusokonekera kwa chitsamba sikukhudza zipatso. Nyengo, aliyense wa iwo amatha kubereka zipatso mpaka 3-4 makilogalamu (kapena pafupifupi 15 kg / m²). Ngakhale pamalo otseguka, mbewu zimakololedwa isanayambe chisanu. Zing'onozing'ono zimatha kusindikiza ikamatera. 4-5 tchire la phwetekere Sanka libzalidwe pa 1 m².

Kutalika kwa chitsamba sikukhudza zokolola zonse, m'malo mwake, izi ndi mwayi, chifukwa kubzala kumachepetsa

Zokolola zimacha palimodzi. Mutha kusankha tomato osapsa. Muku kucha, kukoma sikumavutika, mnofu sukhala wamadzi. Ngakhale tomato yakucha ya Sanka kwa nthawi yayitali siziuma kuchokera ku chitsamba, ndikukhalabe kachulukidwe ka zamkati ndi fungo labwino. Alumali moyo wawo ndi watali - pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.

Tomato wamtundu wa Sanka amadzuka limodzi komanso molawirira kwambiri

Zipatso ndizowoneka bwino - mawonekedwe oyenera, ozungulira, ndi nthiti zazifupi. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa phwetekere imodzi ndi 70-90 g. Mukakhazikika mu wowonjezera kutentha, masamba ambiri amapeza kuchuluka kwa 120-150 g. Khungu limakhala losalala, ngakhale lofiira. Palibe ngakhale mtundu waiwisi, wokhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya phwetekere, pamalo ophatikizika ndi peduncle. Ndi yocheperako koma yolimba, yomwe imatsogolera ku mayendedwe abwino. Nthawi yomweyo, phwetekere ndi msuzi, wanyama. Chiwerengero cha zipatso zamtundu wosagulitsa ndizochepa - zimasiyana pakati pa 3-23%. Zimatengera nyengo ndi mtundu wa chisamaliro cha mbewuyo.

Tomato Sanka amawoneka wokongola kwambiri, kukoma kwawo kulinso kwabwino kwambiri

Kununkhira ndikwabwino kwambiri, ndi acidity pang'ono. Sanka ali ndi vitamini C wambiri ndi shuga. Komabe, ichi ndi mawonekedwe a tomato onse ang'ono. Sayansi imatsimikiziridwa - kukulira phwetekere, kumachepetsa kuyikika kwa zinthuzi mmenemo.

Tomato Sanka amadziwika ndi zinthu zambiri za ascorbic acid - chifukwa chake acidity yaying'ono mu kukoma

Sanka ndi mitundu yonse. Kuphatikiza pa zakumwa zatsopano, msuzi umamumizidwa, phala lamatumbo, ketchup, adjika zakonzedwa. Chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kocheperako, zipatsozi ndizoyenera kutengedwa ndi kutola. Khungu lowonda limalepheretsa phwetekere kuti isasweke ndi kusanduka phala.

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kakang'ono, phwetekere za Sanka ndizoyenera kwambiri kumalongeza kunyumba

Mitundu iyi imayamikiridwanso chifukwa chodzitchinjiriza. Sanka alibe "chomangiramo" chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda aliwonse, koma samakonda kukhudzidwa ndi bowa monga chikhalidwe - mochedwa choipitsa, septoria, ndi mitundu yonse ya zowola. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kucha koyamba kwa tomato. Tchire limakhala ndi nthawi yopereka zokolola zambiri nyengo isanakhazikitse chitukuko.

Kuphatikiza pa "class" ofiira, pali "fano" la mitundu yotchedwa "Sanka Golden". Sizitanthauza kuti zimasiyana ndi kholo, kupatula khungu lojambulidwa utoto wa lalanje.

Tomato Sanka golide amasiyana ndi "kholo" lokha pakhungu

Kanema: Kodi tomato wa Sanka amawoneka bwanji

Kukula mbande za phwetekere

Kwa ambiri aku Russia, nyengo siyabwino kwambiri. Kutentha kochepa kumalepheretsa kumera kwa mbeu, kumatha kuwononga kwambiri kapena kuwononga mbande. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri tomato aliyense amakhala mbande. Sanka kusiyanasiyana.

Mbewu za mbande zibzalidwe masiku 50-60 zisanachitike kufesedwa kosaloledwa. Mwa izi, masiku 7-10 amathera pa kubzala mbande. Chifukwa chake, kum'mwera kwa Russia, nthawi yokwanira yochitira njirayi ikuchokera zaka khumi zapitazi za Febuluwale mpaka pakati pa Marichi. Pakati pa msewu ndi theka lachiwiri la Marichi, m'malo omwe kuli nyengo yozizira kwambiri - Epulo (kuyambira chiyambi cha mwezi mpaka tsiku la 20).

Chofunikira chachikulu cha Sanka mikhalidwe yakukula mbande ndizowunikira kokwanira. Kutalika kochepa kwa maola masana ndi maola 12. Dzuwa lachilengedwe ku Russia ambiri silikwanira, choncho muyenera kusankha zowonjezera. Magetsi ochiritsira (fluorescent, LED) nawonso ndi oyenera, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma phytolamp apadera. Chinyezi chowongolera mpweya ndi 60-70%, kutentha ndi 22-25ºº masana ndi 14-16ºº usiku.

Phytolamps amalola mbande kupereka maola ofunikira masana

Dothi lodzala tomato kapena Solanaceae iliyonse lingagulidwe popanda zovuta malo ogulitsa mwapadera. Koma odziwa zamaluwa amakonda kuphika okha, kusakaniza masamba humus ndi kuchuluka kofanana kompositi ndi theka chimodzimodzi - mchenga wowuma. Mulimonsemo, nthaka ndiyofunika kuti itetezedwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuti tichite izi, umathiridwa ndimadzi otentha, achisanu, mwachangu mu uvuni. Zofananazo zimapezeka ndi chithandizo chokhala ndi rasipiberi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena fungic yachilengedwe chilichonse, yokonzedwa mogwirizana ndi malangizo. Chowonjezera chothandiza m'nthaka iliyonse chimaphwanyidwa choko kapena mphamvu ya mpweya. Zokwanira supuni ya 3 l ya gawo lapansi.

Mbewu za phwetekere mbande zimabzalidwe m'nthaka ndikugulitsa mwaokha

Zisanachitike kubzala chisanadze ndi mbewu za Sanka. Choyamba, zimayang'aniridwa kuti zimere, ndikuwukha kwa mphindi 10-15 mu njira ya sodium chloride (10-15 g / l). Zomwe zimatulukira nthawi yomweyo zimataya. Kuwala kosadziwika kumatanthauza kusapezeka kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

Kubzala mbewu mu saline kumakupatsani mwayi wokana zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zisamere

Kenako gwiritsani ntchito kukonzekera kwa Strobi, Tiovit-Jet, Alirin-B, Fitosporin-M. Zimakhudzanso chitetezo chomera, kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka bowa. Kusanthula nthawi - mphindi 15-20. Kenako mbewu zimatsukidwa m'madzi ozizira ndikuzola kuti ziume.

Gawo lomaliza ndi chithandizo cha ma biostimulants. Itha kukhala yankho la anthu wowerengeka (madzi a aloe, soda, soda, uchi), ndi kugula mankhwala (potaziyamu humate, Epin, Kornevin, Emistim-M). Poyambirira, mbewu za Sanka zimasungidwa mu njira yokonzedwera kwa maola 6-8, kwachiwiri mphindi 30 mpaka 40 ndizokwanira.

Madzi a Aloe - biostimulant yachilengedwe yomwe imakhudza kumera kwa mbewu

Ndondomeko yodzala mbewu ya phwetekere kwa mbande imawoneka motere:

1. Mabokosi amtundu wambiri kapena zida zapulasitiki zimadzaza ndi gawo lapansi lokonzekera. Dothi limathiriridwa madzi pang'ono ndikupukutidwa. Mizere yopanda kulembedwa imayatsidwa ndi nthawi pakati pawo pafupifupi 3-5 cm.
   

   Gawo laling'ono musanadzale nthangala za phwetekere limafunika kuti lizinyowa pang'ono

2. Mbewu za phwetekere zimabzalidwa nthawi imodzi, kusungitsa mtunda pakati pawo osachepera 1 cm. Wofesa kubzala, koyambirira muyenera kuthira mphukira. Ndipo mbande zazing'ono zimalekerera njirayi moipa kwambiri kuposa zomerazo kale. Mbewuzo zimamizidwa ndikuzama masentimita 0,6-0.8, zowazidwa ndi danga loonda. Kuyambira pamwamba, chotengera chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu yowonekera. Asanatuluke, tomato safuna kuwala. Koma kutentha kumafunika (30-32ºС). Kuthirira m'minda kuchokera kutsitsi, tsiku lililonse kapena masiku awiri aliwonse. Pamaso pa luso luso amapereka pansi Kutentha.
   

   Mbewu za phwetekere sizinabzalidwe kwambiri, zimapewetsa kuthekera koyambilira kwambiri
3. Patatha masiku 15-20 zitamera, chovala choyambirira chimayikidwa. Ndondomeko adzafunika kubwereza pambuyo sabata lina ndi theka. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwachilengedwe tsopano ndikosayenera, feteleza wazitolo wa mbande ndizoyenera kwambiri. The kuchuluka kwa mankhwala mu yankho amachepetsedwa ndi theka poyerekeza ndi wopangidwayo.
   

   Njira yothetsera michere imakonzedwa motsatira malangizo omwe aperekedwa mu malangizo

4. Kutola kumachitika m'gawo la tsamba lachitatu loona, pafupifupi masabata awiri zitamera. Tomato amabzalidwa mumiphika wa peat kapena makapu apulasitiki okhala ndi masentimita 8-10. M'mapeto omaliza, ndikofunikira kupanga zibowo zingapo zonyamula, ndikutsanulira dongo lambiri, mwala, wosemedwa pansi. Nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito chimodzimodzi ngati mbewu. Mbande imachotsedwa pamtunda wonse pamodzi ndi dziko lapansi, yomwe yakhazikika kumizu, kuyesera kuti isawononge izi ngati zingatheke. Zonena zowokeredwa zimathiridwa madzi pang'ono, chifukwa masiku 4-5 miphika imatsukidwa kunja kwa mazenera, kuteteza mbande kuti zisawombe mwachindunji.
   

   Pokonzekera kudumphira pansi, ndikofunikira kuyesa kuti musawononge mtanda pamizu ya mbande

5. Kuti mbande za Sanka zigwirizane mwachangu komanso bwino malo atsopano, pafupifupi masiku 7-10 asanagulitsidwe malo otseguka kapena kukhala wowonjezera kutentha, amayamba kuumitsa. M'masiku atatu oyamba, maola ochepa ali panja ndikokwanira. Pang'onopang'ono, nthawi imeneyi imakulitsidwa mpaka theka la tsiku. Ndipo patsiku lomaliza paliponse amasiya tchire kuti "akakhale usiku" mumsewu.
   

   Kusamalira bwino kumathandizira mbande za phwetekere kuti zizolowera moyo watsopano

Kanema: Kubzala mbewu za phwetekere kwa mbande ndikuwasamalira

Mlimi wosadziwa zambiri amatha kutaya mbewu ya phwetekere kale pa nthawi yomwe akukula. Cholinga cha izi ndizolakwitsa zawozawo. Ambiri mwa iwo:

• Kuchuluka kwambiri. M'nthaka, ndikusandidwa chithaphwi, "mwendo wakuda" pafupifupi umakula.
• Kubzala kwambiri koyambirira kwa mbande. Zodzikongoletsera zokulirapo zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri ndipo zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti zizika mizu m'malo atsopano.
• Kutola kolakwika Ngakhale anthu ambiri ali ndi malingaliro, kudula muzu wa tomato sikofunikira. Izi zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mbewu.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito gawo loyenera komanso / kapena losayera. Dothi liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi, koma nthawi yomweyo limamasuka komanso lopepuka.
• Kuumitsa kochepa (kapena kusakhalapo kwathunthu). Kuchita kumawonetsa kuti tchire lomwe limayendetsa njirayi limazika mizu msanga ndikuyamba kumera m'munda kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Kanema: zolakwika wamba pakakulitsa mbande za phwetekere

Tomato amasinthidwa kumalo osatha mu Meyi. Mukamatera poyera, kutentha kwa usiku kuyenera kukhazikika pa 10-12ºС. Kubzala bwino kwa Sanka ndi 40-50 masentimita pakati pa tchire loyandikana ndi 55-60 masentimita pakati pamizeremizere. Mutha kusunga danga pakusunthira mbewu. Kutalika kwa chitsamba chokonzekera kubzala kuli pafupifupi 15 cm, masamba 6-7 owona amafunikira.

Mbande zokhala ndi phwetekere zomwe sizikula bwino sizikhala malo atsopano, chifukwa chake musazengere kubzala

Kuzama kwa mabowo a Sanka ndi 8-10 8-10.Manyumba pang'ono owombera pansi amaponyedwa pansi, zikhomo zingapo za phulusa la nkhuni. Chothandiza kwambiri ndi anyezi peel. Imawopseza tizirombo tambiri. Nthawi yabwino yotsikirako ndi madzulo kapena m'mawa patsiku lozizira.

Pafupifupi theka la ora lisanafike, mbewuzo zimamwetsa madzi bwino. Chifukwa chake ndizosavuta kuchotsa mumphika. Mbande imabisidwa m'nthaka mpaka masamba awiri pansi, kuthiriridwa, madzi okwanira lita imodzi. Zopangira matabwa, mchenga wabwino kapena tchipisi cha peat zimakonkhedwa kumunsi kwa tsinde.

Kukula kwa dzenje kumatengera mtundu wa nthaka - yopepuka gawo lapansi, yokulirapo

Pakupita sabata limodzi ndi theka mutabzala yotseguka pamizere ya phwetekere Sanka, ndikofunikira kumangapo kansalu pachithunzi chilichonse choyera. Nthawi yoyamba kuthiriridwa pakatha masiku 5-7 mutabzala, pafupifupi masabata awiri pambuyo pake amadzala. Izi zimapangitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mizu yayikulu kwambiri.

Kubzala mbewu mu nthaka ndikukonzekera

Phwetekere ya Sanka imayesedwa yoyenera chisamaliro. Koma kupeza zochuluka mbewu ndizotheka pokhoma kubzalidwe bwino kapena malo oyandikira.

Choyipa chachikulu kwa phwetekere iliyonse ndikuchepera kopepuka. Chifukwa chake, pakufikira Sanka kusankha malo otseguka, otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa. Ndikofunika kuti muziwongolera mabedi kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera - phwetekereyo ikhala moyonso. Zojambula sizimayambitsa kuvuta kwakukulu, komabe ndikofunikira kukhala ndi cholepheretsa patali chomwe chimateteza bedi ku mphepo yozizira ya kumpoto popanda kuwaletsa.

Sanka, monga tomato wina, amabzalidwa m'malo otentha, otenthetsedwa bwino

Sanka amapulumuka bwino ndipo amabala zipatso pafupifupi panthaka iliyonse. Koma, monga phwetekere aliyense, amakonda mtundu wocheperako, koma wopatsa thanzi. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa pokonzekera bedi, ndikuwonjezera mchenga wowuma ku dothi "lolemera", ndi dongo la ufa (malita 8-10 pamzere woloza) ku dothi "lowala".

Kwa mbewu iliyonse yamunda, kusinthasintha kwa mbewu ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pamalo omwewo, tomato amabzalidwa kwa zaka zitatu.Omwe adalungamitsa oyandikana nawo komanso oyandikana nawo ali mbewu iliyonse kuchokera ku banja la Solanaceae (mbatata, biringanya, tsabola, fodya). Gawo lapansi limachepa kwambiri, chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka bowa wa pathogenic chimachuluka. Oyenera Sanka pamalopo ndi Dzungu, Malemu, Cruciferous, anyezi, adyo, zitsamba zonunkhira. Zochitika zimawonetsa kuti tomato ndiabwino mnansi ndi sitiroberi. Mu mbewu zonse ziwiri, kukula kwa zipatso kumachuluka, motero zipatso zimachulukanso.

Tomato ndi wa banja la a Paslenova, nthumwi zake zonse zimadwala matenda omwewo ndi tizirombo, chifukwa chake, m'munda wamaluwa, mbewu izi zimayikidwa kutali momwe zingathere

Munda wa Sanka uyamba kukonzekereratu. Malo osankhidwawo amakumbidwa mosamala, kwinaku akuyeretsa ku chomera ndi zinyalala zina. Kwa nthawi yozizira ndikofunikira kumangiriza ndi filimu yakuda pulasitiki - kotero gawo lapansi limaletseka ndikutentha mofulumira. Chapakatikati, pafupifupi masabata awiri asanabzalidwe mbande, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa ndikukhomedwa.

Mukukonzekera kukumba kuyambira mabedi amtsogolo, miyala ndi zinyalala zamasamba zimachotsedwa

Feteleza amatengedwanso mumiyeso iwiri. Mukugwa - humus (4-5 kg ​​/ m²), superphosphate yosavuta (40-50 g / m²) ndi potaziyamu sulfate (20-25 g / m²). Ngati acidity ya dothi iwonjezeka - komanso dolomite ufa, slimu wosalala, mazira a ufa wa mazira a nkhuku (200-300 g / m²). Chapakatikati - phulusa la nkhuni (500 g / m²) ndi feteleza wina aliyense wokhala ndi nayitrogeni (15-20 g / m²).

Humus - njira yachilengedwe yowonjezera chonde m'nthaka

Potsirizira izi, ndikofunikira kuti osagwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Kuchulukitsa kwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kumakwiyitsa tchire la phwetekere kuti likulitse kwambiri zipatso zobiriwira. Amayamba "kunenepa", masamba ndi ma thumba osunga zipatso pazithunzizi ndizochepa kwambiri, samangokhala ndi michere yokwanira. Zotsatira zina zoyipa za "overfeeding" - kufooka kwa chitetezo chathupi.

Ufa wa Dolomite ndi deoxidizer, womwe umalimbikitsa mlingo, osakhala ndi zotsatirapo zilizonse

Ndi zoletsedwa kwambiri kubweretsa manyowa atsopano pansi pa tomato. Choyambirira, chimatha kuwotcha mizu yosalimba ya mbewu, ndipo chachiwiri, ndi malo abwino kwambiri kwa mazira osachedwa ndi mphutsi za tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Ngati zakonzedwa kubzala Sanka mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kuti musinthe gawo lokwanira masentimita 10 a kugwa. Kenako nthaka yatsopano yopanda majeremusi amathiridwa ndi njira yothetsera mavitamini a potaziyamu. Magalasi mkati mwake anapukuta ndi yankho la mandimu oterera. Ndikofunikanso kuwotcha kachidutswa kakang'ono kaimeneka muzowonjezera kutentha (ndi zitseko zotsekedwa).

Kumayambiriro kasupe, nthaka imathiridwa ndi madzi otentha ndikuponyedwa ndi udzu - imasunga kutentha bwino. Ngati nyengo yatha tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha adavutika ndi matenda amtundu wina, pafupifupi milungu iwiri asanabzalidwe, gawo lapansi limathandizidwa ndi yankho la Fitosporin-M.

Kuthirira dothi mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi njira ya Fitosporin-M ndi njira yothandiza kupewa matenda a fungus ambiri

Kubzala mbewu za phwetekere pamalo otseguka kumachitika makamaka kumadera otentha akum'mwera. Nthawi yoyenera kwambiri izi ndi pakati pa Epulo. Nyengo ku Russia ambiri sizikudziwika. Kubwezerani masika masika Koma zokwanira komanso kulolera kutenga mwayi. Kupatula apo, akukhulupirira kuti zitsanzo zomwe zimapezeka mu nthaka m'nthaka sizivutika ndi matenda, zimalekerera bwino nyengo.

Chinyengo chotsatirachi chimathandizira kuti muchepetse chiwonongeko cha mbewu pakadali pano. Olima m'maluwa amabzala mbewu zosakaniza zowuma ndi zomera. Mphukira zoyambirira zimayenera kudikirira nthawi yayitali, koma zimatha kupewa nyengo yozizira.

Kubzala nthawi yomweyo mphukira zomwe sizinaphuke zimakupatsani mwayi woteteza gawo limodzi la mbandezo kuchokera ku madera ozizira kwambiri mu gawo lalikulu la Russia

Zitsime zimapangidwa pasadakhale, kutsatira dongosolo lomwe tafotokozazi. Mbewu ziwiri ndizofesedwa. Wofesa mbande amachitika mu gawo 2-3 la tsamba. Siyani imodzi yokha, nyongolosi yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yotukuka. "Zowonjezera "zo zimasemedwa ndi lumo pafupi ndi dothi momwe mungathere.

M'dzenje lirilonse, nyongolosi imodzi yatsala, yotsogola kwambiri komanso yathanzi

Mbewu isanawonekere, bedi limalimbitsidwa ndi wokutira pulasitiki. Pambuyo - ikani arcs pamwamba pake ndikutseka ndi lutrasil yoyera, agril, spanbond. Pogona sichichotsedwa mpaka mbande zitha kufika pamizere, zakonzeka kubzala m'nthaka.

Pogona imateteza bwino ana ang'onoang'ono ku chimfine, imathandizanso ngati masika ndi nyengo yachilimwe imayamba kugwa

Kanema: Njira yodzala mbewu za phwetekere m'mundamo

Kusamalira mbewu poyera komanso potentha

Ngakhale msungi wa novice yemwe alibe zambiri zokumana nazo amatha kupirira kulimidwa kwa tomato Sanka. Chimodzi mwazinthu zosakayikitsa za mitunduyi ndizosowa pakufunika kochotsa ma stepons ndi mapangidwe ena a tchire. Amakhala odabwitsa, motero safunikanso kumangirizidwa. Chifukwa chake, chisamaliro chonse cha Sanka chimachepetsedwa kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuthira feteleza ndi kusala mabedi. Zotsirizazi ziyenera kuthandizidwa - pazifukwa zina, izi sizilola kuti udzu ukhale pafupi.

Tomato aliyense ndi mbewu zomwe zimakonda chinyontho. Koma izi zimangokhudza nthaka. Chinyezi chachikulu kwa iwo nthawi zambiri chimapha. Chifukwa chake, pakukula Sanka mu wowonjezera kutentha, chipindacho chimayenera kupangidwanso pafupipafupi. Pambuyo kuthirira aliyense, osalephera.

Wobiriwira momwe tomato adakulirakulira amawaulutsa tsiku lililonse ndikathirira

Ndikofunikira kutsatira tanthauzo la golidi. Ndikasowa chinyezi, masamba amasowa madzi ndikuyamba kupindika. Tchire ladzaza, hibernate, likuyimira chitukuko. Ngati gawo lapansi lanyowa kwambiri, kuvunda kumazika mizu.

Zizindikiro zoyenera kuti malo obiriwira azikhala chinyezi pamtunda wa 45-50%, komanso nthaka - pafupifupi 90%. Kuonetsetsa izi, Sanka amathiriridwa madzi masiku onse asanu ndi anayi ndi anayi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito malita 4-5 amadzi pachitsamba chilichonse. Ndondomeko imachitidwa kuti madonthowo asagwere masamba ndi maluwa. Zothandiza pa chikhalidwe - kulowetserera. Ngati sizotheka kuzichita mwadongosolo, madzi amathiridwa m'masamba am'mapazi. Ndiosafunika kuthira tomato pansi pamzu - mizu imawululidwa msanga, youma. Kumwaza kumakhala koyenera makamaka - pambuyo pake masamba ndi zipatso zosunga mazira kwambiri kutha.

Kuthirira madzi kumakupatsani mwayi wonyowetsa nthaka komanso osavulaza mbewu

Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yochitira njirayi ndi m'mawa kapena usiku kwambiri, dzuwa litalowa. Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa okha kutentha kwa 23-25ºС. Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amaika chidebe nacho mwachindunji. Mukakulitsa tomato, mbiya imayenera kuphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro kuti isakulitse chinyezi.

Mbande za phwetekere zobzalidwa panthaka sizithirira madzi mpaka tchire litamera malo atsopano ndikuyamba kukula. Zitatha izi, mpaka masamba atapangidwa, njirayi imachitika kawiri pa sabata, ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi awiri l 2-3 pachitsamba chilichonse. Nthawi yamaluwa, zopangidwira pakati pa kuthirira zimachulukitsidwa, zomwe zimapangika mpaka malita asanu. Tchire pomwe zipatso zimapangidwa zimathiridwa masiku atatu aliwonse, zomwezo ndizofanana. Pafupifupi milungu iwiri isanakolole, pomwe zipatso zoyambirira zimayamba kusandulika zofiira, tchire limangokhala chinyezi chofunikira chofunikira. Izi ndizofunikira kuti thupi likhalebe juicness ndikupeza kukoma ndi kununkhira kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zowonadi, zopanga pakati pa ulimi wothirira zimasinthidwa kutengera nyengo yotentha. Nthawi zina Sanka ambiri amatha kuchita kokha ndi mvula yachilengedwe.

Kuthirira tomato kuchokera kuthirira sikulimbikitsidwa - izi zimakhudza zokolola, ndipo mwina zikukula

Choyipa chachikulu chomwe nyakulima angathe kuchita ndikusinthanitsa nthawi yayitali ndi "chilala" nthawi yayitali ndi kuthirira kambiri, kambiri. Poterepa, zipatsozo zimayamba kusweka. Mwina kukula kwa vertex zowola. Ndipo ngati, m'malo mwake, zonse zachitika molondola, Sanka osadziwonongera kwambiri amapirira kutentha kwa 30 ° C ndipo pamwamba, mpweya wouma kwambiri sungamuvulaze.

Kutsirira osavomerezeka ndizomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu pakhungu la tomato

Kanema: Malangizo okulitsa tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha

Mwa feteleza, phwetekere zosiyanasiyana Sanka amakonda mitundu yachilengedwe. Kwa wosamalira dimba, izi ndizosankhanso zanzeru. Zosiyanasiyana ndizakucha koyambirira, ndibwino kuti musachite ngozi - nitrate ndi zinthu zina zovulaza thanzi zitha kudziunjikira pazipatso. Masiku atatu amadyetsa zokwanira Sanya.

Yoyamba ikuchitika pakadutsa masiku 10-12 mutabzala mbande mu nthaka. Tomato amathiridwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa atsopano a ng'ombe, ndowe za mbalame, masamba a dandelion, ndi masamba a nettle. Konzani kuvala kwapamwamba kwa masiku 3-4 mumtsuko pansi pa chivindikiro chotsekedwa mwamphamvu. Chotungirachi chimadzaza ndi zopaka ndi pafupifupi chitatu, kenako ndikuwonjezera madzi. Kukonzeka kwa feteleza kumatsimikiziridwa ndi "fungo" labwino. Musanagwiritse ntchito, ndikofunikira kuwaumitsa ndikuwonjezera madzi muyezo wa 1: 10 kapena 1:15, ngati zinyalala zitha kupanga.

Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle - gwero la nayitrogeni lomwe tomato amafunika kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko

Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa amalangiza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawo ndi mazira azipatso ndi yankho la boric acid (1-2 g / l). Izi ziwathandiza kuti asawonongeke chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa. Ndipo masiku 7-10 zipatsozo zisanakhazikike, tchire limathandizidwa ndi comfrey. Izi zimathandizira kuti ntchito yakucha ya tomato ikhale yabwino, pakuwathandiza kuti akhalebe olimba.

Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika patatha masiku awiri awiri maluwa atamasulidwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wogula wochokera ku biohumus, wopangidwira tomato kapena mwanjira iliyonse kwa Solanaceae, kapena kulowetsedwa kwa yisiti. Ngati ziuma, chikwamacho chimaphatikizidwa ndi 50 g shuga wofufumitsa, osungunulidwa ndi madzi ofunda kupita ku zamkati ndikasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi oyera. Paketi la yisiti yatsopano limangiduladula tizidutswa tating'ono, kuwonjezera malita 10 a madzi ndikuyambitsa mpaka mapapu atatsala.

"Kukula kudzera m'malire ndi malire" siwongoyerekezera, alimi akudziwa izi kwanthawi yayitali

Nthawi yomaliza Sanka kudyetsedwa m'masiku ena 14-18. Kuti muchite izi, konzani kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni (magalasi 10 pa malita 5 a madzi otentha), onjezerani dontho la ayodini pa lita iliyonse. Chogulacho chimaloledwa kuyimirira tsiku lina, chosakanizidwa bwino, chosakanizidwa ndi madzi 1:10 musanagwiritse ntchito.

Phulusa la nkhuni lili ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, zomwe ndizofunikira kuti tomato azipsa.

Kanema: Kusamalira kunja kwa phwetekere

Matenda fungal, tomato awa amakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, njira zodzitetezera ndizokwanira kupewa matenda. Choopsa chachikulu pakubwera kwamtsogolo ndi alternariosis, mabakiteriya akuda ndi "mwendo wakuda". Akakula m'munda wotseguka, Sanku amatha kuukira nsabwe za m'masamba, mu wowonjezera kutentha - zovala zoyera.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Matenda a Sanka ndi tizirombo owopsa a phwetekere

Katemera wabwino kwambiri ndi kusamalidwa bwino kwa mbewu. Musaiwale za kasinthasintha wa mbeu ndi tchire m'mundamo momwemo mudadzaza anthu ambiri. Malo abwino oti bowa ambiri azikhala ndi chinyezi, mpweya wonyowa wophatikizidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri. Zinthu zoterezi ndizoyeneranso tizirombo. Popewa matenda, makristasi angapo a potaziyamu permanganate amawonjezeredwa ndi madzi kuthirira kamodzi masiku 12-15. Phulusa la nkhuni limawonjezedwa pansi pazomwe zimayambira, limawonjezedwanso m'nthaka kuti limasulidwe. Mbeu zazing'ono zimatha kuthira choko chophwanyika kapena makala okhazikika.

Potaziyamu permanganate - imodzi mwazilombo zophera majeremusi, imapha bowa wa pathogenic

Tazindikira zizindikiritso zoyambirira zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kachilomboka sikangapeweke, kuthilira kumachepetsedwa. Kuti muchotse matendawa kumayambiriro, monga lamulo, mankhwala okwanira wowerengeka. Wamaluwa odziwa zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa mpiru, chowawa, kapena yarrow. Madzi ophika kapena phulusa la soda (50 g pa 10 l), tanthauzo la viniga (10 ml pa 10 l) ndiwofunikiranso. Kuti njira zothetsera "zisamire" masamba bwino, onjezani sopo pang'ono kapena sopo wamadzi. Tchire limapakidwa maulendo atatu ndi theka ndi masiku atatu.

Chomera - chimodzi mwazomera zomwe zimapanga zosasinthika

Ngati palibe zotsatira zoyenera, fungicides iliyonse yazomwe imayambira pakubadwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito - Topaz, Alirin-B, Bayleton, Baikal-EM. Nthawi zambiri, njira zitatu zochiritsira zomwe zimagwirizana ndi masiku 7-10 ndi zokwanira. Mankhwalawa samavulaza thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe, koma ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo ndikosayenera panthawi ya maluwa ndi masiku 20-25 asanakolole.

Ma nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zovala zoyera Pulogalamu yowuma yowonekera imatsalira pamasamba, pang'onopang'ono ikukokedwa ndi wosanjikiza wa ufa wakuda wakuda. Tizirombo tambiri sitilola fungo lamphamvu. Pafupi ndi mabedi ndi tomato ndi timipata tomwe mungathe kudzala zitsamba zamtundu uliwonse. Zomera zina zimakhala ndi katundu wofanana - sage, nasturtium, calendula, marigold, lavender. Masamba awo ndi zimayambira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zopanda pake pakukonzekera ma infusions, zomwe zimafunikira kuti Sanka aziwaza masiku 4-5 aliwonse. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mivi ya anyezi ndi adyo, tsabola wa tsabola, peel lalanje, masamba a fodya. Izi kulowetsedwa zimathandizira kuchotsa tizirombo, ngati palibe ambiri. Pafupipafupi chithandizo chimachulukitsidwa mpaka katatu patsiku. Pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa tizilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Inta-Vir, Fury, Actellik, Iskra-Bio, Mospilan. Nthawi zina, Coca-Cola ndi 10% ethyl mowa amapereka zabwino (koma zotsatira zake sizotsimikizika).

Marigolds m'munda - si wokongola zokha, komanso wothandiza

Ndemanga zamaluwa

Sanka ndi mtundu wokula msanga kopitilira muyeso (kuyambira kumera mpaka kukhwima masiku 75-85), wodziwika bwino, kutalika kwa 30-40. Zipatso ndizazungulira, zofiira, zowala, zowerengeka, zokoma kwambiri, zamtundu, zolemera 80-100 g. Kubala ndikokhazikika komanso kutalika, nyengo iliyonse. Hardy mpaka otsika. Ndidzawalima nyengo yachitatu. Zonsezi ndizowona. Tomato woyamba kucha anali pa Julayi 7 (poyera). Ndinkamukonda Sanka molawirira kwambiri. Mukakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu okhala ndi masamba ophukira omwe amakhala ndi zipatso zambiri, amatha kukhala ochepa, amakhalabe ophikidwa mu tomato, ndipo amakoma kwambiri. Kale mochedwa.

Natsha

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Ndili ndi zonse monga sizili ndi anthu. Sindinamukonde Tomato Sanka. Ndinkakhala ndi phwetekere zazing'ono: pang'ono komanso zakuti ndilawe.

Marina

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Amanenedwa kuti kukoma kwa phwetekere kucha kumacha kwambiri. Komabe, Sanka ndi phwetekere wokoma (m'malingaliro anga). Ndi bwino kutola. Ndipo pafupifupi osadwala, mochedwa choipitsa, ngakhale mvula yozizira idasefukira mu Julayi. Imakula penapake mpaka 80 masentimita, ngakhale amalemba m'mawu - 40-60 masentimita. Ndimakonda kuti ali ndi zipatso zolimba, ngakhale, zonenepa. Ndi chakudya, osati choyipa, ndi kusunga. Chofunika kwambiri - kuti m'maderamo amabala zipatso.

Sirina

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Adabzala Sanka koyamba. Malo otseguka, dera la Moscow. Zopanda pake zopanda pake. Ndidzabzanso zina.

Aleks K.

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Ine ndimakulitsa Sanka pokhapokha ndi m'mawa. Pakadali pano, palibe tomato wabwinobwino, chifukwa chake timadya izi ndi bang. Tomato weniweni akakhwima pang'ono, Sanka, kuti Liana salinso "wokugudubuza", wina amawona kuti kulawa phweteke kwenikweni kwa iwo.

Chiyero & K

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We Sanka wazaka ziwiri wazomera wogulitsa. Omwe anali osamalira mundawo adamukonda. Amati phwetekere wabwino. Kukolola, kusankha komanso koyambirira. Zipatso zimakhala ndi nthawi kuti zipse asanadutse.

Demetriyo

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Mpaka chilimwe cha 2012, Sanka sanadziwe phwetekere ndipo sanayilime. Chilimwe chatha, zidapezeka kuti kulibe mbande zokwanira phwetekere. Anzanu abwino adathandizira, adapereka tchire zingapo za Sanka. Pakati pa chilimwe, vuto lakumapeto lidagwa. Ndipo pakati pa tomato athu onse, iye ndi amene amadana kwambiri ndi matendawa. Gawo la zokolola zomwe tidakonzekera, tidakali nazo. Zinaonedwa kuti mitundu yoyambirira ya tomato imakhala ndi nthawi yakukula isanayambike matenda a chomera mu wowonjezera kutentha. Ndipo Sanka amangofunikira miyezi yopitilira atatu kuti akhwime. Ngakhale tomato awa sanali okwera, panali zipatso zambiri pa iwo. Ndipo pali zovuta zochepa nazo. Sikuti ndikofunika kuthothola nthambi zam'munsi, pafupifupi sizikufuna garter. Ndipo ambiri amakhala onyoza. Ngakhale kunja kulibe dzuwa, m'masiku amoyo adakula. Chokhacho ndikuti sakonda dothi lolemera. Ndipo, zoona, monga tomato onse, amakonda kuvala zovala zapamwamba. Tinkakondanso kukoma kwa phwetekere. Iwo anali amtundu kwambiri, owutsa mudyo. M'mawu, kuphatikiza.

Lezera

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Masika omaliza, ndinapeza mbewu za phwetekere zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Sanka. Atakula kudzera mbande, kumera anali zana limodzi. Adabzala pabwalo koyambirira kwa Meyi (Krasnodar Territory). Mabasi adazika mizu yonse. Modzipereka adakula, adapeza utoto, thumba losunga mazira ndipo, kukolola kunali kwabwino. Ndikufuna kutsindika - tchire ndilaling'ono, osapitirira 50. Ine, posadziwa izi, ndinalumikiza ndi zikhomo. Koma chifukwa cha mphepo zamphamvu, izi ndizabwinobwino. Zipatso zonse ndi chimodzi - ngakhale, kuzungulira, kukhwima palimodzi ndipo ndizabwino zonse mu saladi ndi mawonekedwe a zamzitini (zipatso siziphulika). Poganizira nyengo yanyengo, ndinatola tomato m'masiku 53. Pachikwama chosonyeza - masiku 85. Kukolola mpaka pakati pa Okutobala, komabe, tomato anali ochepa. Yesetsani. Ndikuganiza kuti simudzanong'oneza bondo. Nyengo ino sangachite popanda Sanka.

Gibiskus54

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Tomato Sanka ndi woyenera kulimidwa ku Russia yonse. Poganizira nyengo yakumaloko, imabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena panthaka. Miyeso ya thengo imakulolani kuti mukulitse ngakhale kunyumba. Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupirira, kusamala pokhudzana ndi mndende, kusowa kwa chisamaliro. Kuwonongeka kwa zipatso ndi kwabwino kwambiri, cholinga chake nonse, kukolola kuli konsekonse. Sanka ndi chisankho chabwino kwa onse oyamba ndi odziwa zamaluwa odziwa ntchito.