Mphesa zosagwa ndi chisanu Zilga: mawonekedwe aulimi

Chidwi cha olima m'minda yakukula mphesa zam'makomo a chilimwe chikukula chaka chilichonse. Zomera za chomera ichi ndizosavuta kugula m'masitolo apadera komanso pa intaneti. Kuti musakhumudwe, sinthani mosamala zosankha zamitundu mitundu. Pambuyo pake mitundu imafunikira nyengo yotentha kuti ipseke bwino. M'madera akumpoto, tengani mitundu ya mitundu yoyambirira mwachangu. Pezani mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili m'dera lanu. Mphesa za Zilga zimaberekedwa makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwa nyengo yozizira.

Mbiri yakukula mitundu ya mphesa Zilga

Zosiyanasiyana zidawoneka koyambirira kwa zaka za 60s za XX m'zaka za kubwezeretsa kwa Latvia P. Sukatnieks podutsa mitundu itatu: Moldavian Smuglyanka, Russian Jubilee Novgorod ndi Latvia Dviestes zilas (Dvietsky buluu). Kusankha kwa makolo osagwirizana ndi chisanu kunatilola kupanga mitundu yomwe imatha kukula m'malo ovuta komanso opanda chipale chofewa popanda pogona, yolimbana ndi matenda, yokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Zosiyanasiyana za Kholo

Dvietes Zosiyanasiyana zidapezeka ndikugawana mphesa zamtchire Vitis labrusca, zomwe zidawapatsanso "kukoma kwa nkhandwe". Zilga adalandira fungo labwino kwambiri ngati kholo lake.

Mphesa za nkhandwe, "nkhandwe ya fox", ndizofanana ndi dzina la mtundu wa Vitis labrusca. Mtundu wake wosakanizidwa umadziwika kwambiri - mphesa za Isabella zomwe zimamera kuthengo m'nkhalango ya Black Sea. Kununkhira kwa "Strawberry" kumalumikizidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mafuta ofunikira pakhungu la mabulosi. Madzi a mphesa awa ali ndi antibacterial. Zipatso zomwe zimadyedwa m'miyeso yambiri zimayambitsa mkwiyo wamkamwa.

Kufotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa ku Zilga

Mitundu yolimba yozizira imakula bwino ku Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Canada, Sweden, Norway ndi Belarus; Amatha nthawi yozizira popanda pogona. Kukula kwakanthawi kumakupatsani mwayi wogulira mbewu kumadera oyandikira, dera la Leningrad, ku Siberia. Zolinga zosiyanasiyana za chilengedwe, zipatso zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano ndikupanga kuchokera kwa iwo vinyo. Mphesa ndi wamphamvu, wokhala ndi masamba atatu; ku Baltic amati imagwiritsidwa ntchito chokongoletsera gazebos ndi malo otetezedwa.

Zosiyanasiyana zomwe sizifunikira pobzala zimabzalidwa padera

Kuchokera pachitsamba chimodzi mutha kupitako zipatso 12 kg. Masango okhala ngati chulu, silyl kapena lobes ndi wandiweyani, wolemera 300 - 400 magalamu. Pa mphukira imodzi, magulu awiri mpaka atatu atha kukula.

Zipatso zowuluka ndi khungu lowonda lakuda lamtundu wamtambo wobindikiritsa wa mphesa za Isabella. Mimbulu yokhala ngati madzi onunkhira "imakhala yodzaza" ndi chikwama chokhala ndi mbewu zazikulu ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Mphesa zoyambirira kucha, mbewuzo zitha kukolola kumapeto kwa Julayi - koyambirira kwa Ogasiti. Zipatso zikakhala kuti zimapachika tchire, zimakhala zotsekemera. Ngati yophukira ndi youma komanso yotentha, mphesa zimasiyidwa panthambi zimafota ndikusintha kukhala zoumba.

Makhalidwe a mphesa ya Zilga

Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino cholimidwa kumadera akumpoto. Ndizotheka kupeza mbewu ku Moscow Region, Udmurtia, Siberia, Leningrad Region, ndi Urals.

Gulu la mphesa Zilga ndi zipatso za isabel

Makhalidwe

• Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Popanda pogona, imatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka 25 - C (malinga ndi zina, mpaka - 37 ° C).
• Amakonzekeretsa pang'ono dothi.
• Kukanani ndi kufinya, kuwola imvi ndi oidium. Pakakhala zovuta, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira.
• Mitundu yoyambirira yakucha, nthawi ya maluwa 102 - masiku 108.
• Mphukira zapachaka zimacha ndi 85%.
• Kutali, m'malo ozizira pamafunika kudulira kambiri.
• Zosaululika, zimatha kuzizira popanda zowonjezera.
• Wodzipukuta yekha, amapanga maluwa awiriwa.
• Zipatso zazikulu zolemera mpaka 4 g.
• Zomwe zili ndi shuga mu zipatso ndi 18-22%.
• Acidity yazipatso mpaka 5 g / l.
• Kukoma kwa zipatso ndi "isabile" ("labrusque", "nkhandwe").
• Kulawa kulawa kwa mfundo za 7.1 mfundo (kuchokera pa 10).
• Zolinga zosiyanasiyana zakumwamba.

Mildew ndiwofatsa. Matendawa amawonekera mu nyengo yotentha komanso yotentha. Oidium ndi powdery mildew, nyengo yotentha yotentha imathandizira kukula kwake. Matenda a fungal awa alibe nthawi yoti avulaze kwambiri mphesa ndi nyengo yochepa yophukira.

Zomwe zimabzala ndikukula mitundu ya mphesa ku Zilga

Mphesa zosadzidalira sizikhala ndi zofuna zapamwamba zosamalira. Magawo akuluakulu omwe mlimi ayenera kuchita:

• kutenga mmera wathanzi;
• sankhani dzuwa, lotchinjirizidwa ku mphepo;
• Bzalani bwino;
• nthawi ndi nthawi amadyetsa ndi madzi;
• kuteteza mbewu;
• kuchita kudulira kwachaka;
• konzekerani nyengo yachisanu.

Kanema: Mphesa za Zilga zimamera ku Belarus

Momwe mungasankhire mmera

Ndikofunika kugula mmera ndi mizu yotseguka nthawi yomweyo musanadzalemo m'mundamo. Pogula mmera, samalani ndi mawonekedwe ake:

• Mmera wokhala ndi mizu yotseguka uyenera kukhala ndi mizu yoposa atatu. Muzu wodula ndi wopepuka, wowutsa mudyo.
• Mphukira iyenera kukhala ya bulauni, gawo lomwe liyenera kukhala lobiriwira.
• Kutalika kwa mphukira kuyenera kukhala osachepera 10 cm, kutalika kwa mmera ndi mizu yotseguka - osachepera 40 cm.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: mbande za mphesa, sankhani ndi kubzala

Kusuntha ndi mizu yotseguka musanabzalidwe, ikokerani mu dothi lonyowa chidebe chabwino. Ngati tigula mmera mu chidebe, timauumitsa tisanabzale m'nthaka. Tidayimirira masiku angapo pawindo la nyumbayo, kenako timasamukira kumalo obiriwira, kenako ndikuyiyika m'mundamo kwa maola angapo. Choyamba timaziyika m'malo otetezeka, kenako timazigwiritsa ntchito ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa.

Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Chitsamba cha mphesa chitha kubzala ngati mphika

Katsamba kabwino ka mphesa kamadzalidwa mumphika, malita 5 mpaka 8 ndikokwanira. Amamva bwino mu loggia ndi wowonjezera kutentha, mphika wokhala ndi chomera amatha kuwonekera poyera. M'nyengo yozizira, chomeracho chimatsukidwa m'chipinda chapansi kapena kumayikidwa ndi mphika m'munda, kuphimba mpesa.

Tikufika

Kutambalala kumatha kuchitika m'dzinja ndi masika. Kumpoto kwa madera, kubzala masika ndikofunikira. Timadzala chomera pamalo okhazikika pomwe kuwopseza kwa kuzizira kumatha. Kumpoto chakumadzulo, izi zitha kuchitika koyambirira kwa Juni. Mu nthawi yophukira, mphesa zimabzalidwa mwezi umodzi isanayambike nyengo yozizira.

Tikabzala masika, timakonza dzenje mu kugwa:

• Timasankha malo dzuwa, lotetezedwa ndi mphepo.
• Kuzama kwa dothi lachonde kuyenera kukhala osachepera 70 cm. Ngati madzi oyambira pansi afika pafupi ndi dothi, timabzyala pa zitunda.
• Ngati dziko lapansi ndi lolemera, dongo, ndikofunikira kubweretsa mchenga kudzenje.
• Timakumba dzenje 60 cm, ndikuyika ngalande pansi, ndikudzaza dothi lachonde (dothi la mundawo + manyowa wamahatchi + kompositi, ndikuphimba ndi filimu yakuda pamwamba.

Timabzala mmera wa mphesa pamalo okonzedwa

Musanadzalemo, chotsani nthaka yochulukirapo kudzenje, ikani payipi yothirira ndikubzala, pofalitsa mizu pang'onopang'ono. Mizu yam'mimba yokhala kumapeto kwa mmera imayenera kuzamitsidwa mpaka masentimita 40 kulowa pansi. Ngati kutalika kwa mmera kulola izi, siyani dzenje, lomwe kenako tigona.

Timalimbikitsa nthaka mu malo oyandikira ofanana ndi namsongole. Mphesa sizilekerera oyandikana ndi calendula ndi mpendadzuwa, zimapindulira moyenera ndi ma sitiroberi, mapani, katsabola, kaloti, radara ndi sipinachi.

Kuthirira

Ndi chomera chokhacho chomwe chimafunikira kuthirira mwadongosolo. Mphesa zimamera bwino panthaka yonyowa pang'ono. Ngati dzinja lili louma, liyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Pamene thumba la m'mimba limayamba kupanga, kuthirira kumayimitsidwa.

Thirani mphesa pansi pa muzu ndi chitoliro

Mphesa sizilekerera kusayenda kwa madzi. Kuti muchepetse madzi ochulukirapo kuzungulira bwalo loyandikira, ndikofunika kuti mupange poyambira poyang'ana pang'onopang'ono.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa chomera ndi zinthu zonse zaka 3 zilizonse. Kuti tichite izi, masentimita 50 kuchokera pa tsinde pafupi ndi mzere wozungulira, kukumba poyambira pang'onopang'ono pomwe timayika mahatchi kapena manyowa owola; kuwaza poyambira ndi nthaka. Timapanga kuvala pamwamba pamtunduwu, pachitsamba chimodzi mudzafunika ndowa.

Pambuyo maluwa, mmera umafunika phosphorous, mutha kupanga kapu imodzi ya phulusa pansi pa chitsamba. Mu nthawi yophukira, ndibwino kudyetsa mphesa ndi phulusa; potaziyamuyo azithandizira chomera kuti chikonzekere nthawi yozizira. Tiphatikiza phulusa la 300 g pansi pa chitsamba, pafupifupi magalasi atatu.

Sungani zokolola

Zipatso zokoma zimakonda kusangalala ndi mavu. Kuti musasiyidwe osabzala mbewu, ikani misampha kuchokera mumabotolo apulasitiki yokhala ndi yankho lokopa kwa tizilombo pafupi ndi mpesa:

• madzi ndi uchi;
• mowa ndi madzi;
• madzi ndi viniga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma wasps kosavuta kumathandiza kuteteza mphesa.

Kupewa matenda

Ngakhale izi ndizosagwirizana ndi zofala fungal matenda a mphesa, mildew ndi oidium, njira zosavuta zodzitetezera siziyenera kunyalanyazidwa, makamaka pamkhalidwe wovuta (nyengo yonyowa kwambiri kapena yotentha).

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: matenda oyamba ndi mphesa

Njira zopewera:

• Chepetsa mpunga wowuma kwambiri.
• Chotsani namsongole.
• Tulutsani chitsamba kuti mpweya wabwino ulowemo.

Kwakanthawi timakonza kawiri ndi yankho la fungicide (Fundazol, Topaz, Maxim, Horus, Abiga-Peak) kapena Bordeaux madzi (1%). Kukonzanso kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, mutakolola. Pakuwonekera kofooka koyamba kwa matendawa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho la sodium (0.5%) kapena yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate kungakuthandizeni.

Kudulira

Mitundu ya mphesa yomwe ikukula msanga imafunika kudulira kwambiri. Masango a Berry amapangidwa pakukula kwa chaka chino. Madera akumpoto, timachotsa mphukira zambiri zapachaka komanso zamtundu umodzi kuti asadwale ndi chisanu. Timachita kudulira kwa chaka ndi chaka kugwa, kusiya masamba 5 mpaka 7 pa mphukira. M'chilimwe timachotsa mphukira zazitali kwambiri ndikupanga zina zowonjezera. Chitsamba chaching'ono (mpaka zaka ziwiri) sichitha kudulira.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Mphesa zosagwa ndi chisanu za Zilga zimawonedwa ngati zosaphimba. M'mayiko a Baltic komanso kumwera kwa Belarus amatha kusiyidwa pamiyala; m'maderalo ndi m'chigawo cha Leningrad, ndikofunikira kuteteza mizu poiphimba ndi nthambi za spruce ndikudula mphukira momwe mungathere. Mphesa uwu umabzalidwa ku Siberia; njira zina zofunikira zingafunikire kumeneko kuziteteza ku chisanu.

Kanema: Timatumiza mphesa nthawi yachisanu mu tayala lamoto

Kanema: Dulani mphesa bwino

Simungathe kuphimba mpesa chifukwa choyesera. Chomera chimatha kuchira pang'onopang'ono pansi pa tsinde, ngati mbali yake ya mlengalenga imazirala. Musathamange mu kasupe kuti muchotse kwathunthu mphukira yowonongeka ndi chisanu, imatha "kukhala ndi moyo".

Momwe mungathandizire kucha kucha mphesa

Kutentha kwambiri pakupanga mphesa ndi 20 - 30 ° C. Malingaliro ochepa osavuta amapanga malo abwino olimidwa ndikuchepetsa nthawi yodikira.

Timapanga malo abwino a mphesa

• Timapanga chitsamba chotentha chozizira ndi dzuwa.
• Mbali yakumpoto timakhazikitsa zikwangwani zoyera. Ngati mpesowo ukukula pafupi ndi nyumba, pentani khoma mu zoyera.
• Timasunga nthaka youma padziko lapansi, kuthirira kudzera pa chitoliro ndikuyika, ngati kungatheke, visor kapena canopy pamalowo.
• Pokonzekera dzenjelo, timayala matabwa kapena mitengo yotsatsira mafuta.
• Timakonzera poyatsira mafuta kuchokera m'mabotolo apulasitiki amdima ndi madzi, kuya kwake ndi 20 cm.
• Tambalala dothi m'malo obzala ndi miyala kapena miyala. Chapakatikati mutha kuyala wakuda spanbond.
• M'chilimwe pansi pa chitsamba timayala CD - ma disc kuti awonetse dzuwa.

Kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu kungafanane ndi nthawi yakunyamula zipatso. Mphesa zingabzalidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi tomato, ndikuziyika pafupi ndi khoma lakumpoto.

Ndemanga

Palibe chilichonse mwa icho chomwe chiri chabwino. Osagwirizana ndi khansa, kukoma kwake ndi Mediocre, labrusca wamba, kupeza 21% shuga ku Kolomna, msuzi ndi vinyo ndi allergen amphamvu, pakapita nthawi aliyense amayamba kuyimva pambuyo pa labrusca, ngakhale omwe amawatamandira lero.

Victor 55 (Kolomna MO)//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=414.0

Gawo lazitsulo la kumpoto !!! Zilga ndi Juoduppe adavomerezedwa kale kwambiri chaka chatha, chifunga m'mawa, mvula masana, ozizira usiku, ndipo osachepera ... kupukutidwa pa 5+. Ndipo imodzi yocheperako, ngakhale kuti chilimwe sichinali chodabwitsa. Ndimakonda kukoma, onjezerani tchire zingapo.

Gennady Alexandrovich (Udmurtia)//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=414.0

Chaka chino ndili ndi ZILGA zodabwitsa chabe - masango ndi owonda (mpaka magalamu 400), zipatso zake ndi zazikulu, sizowola, zotsekemera (kale 19%), mavu samakhala ndi nyundo, osadwala, kukoma kumakhala ndi kulemera komanso kutalika, ndikamvekedwe koyambira ka mawu a zipatso.

Alexander (Zelenograd)//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-2824.html

Ndakhala ndikukula Zilga zaka zinayi. Osapweteketsa kalikonse. Pakadali pano, mpesa watalika mamita 2.5. Ndipo pali masamba pafupifupi makumi asanu pachisango. Zachidziwikire, si akulu, komabe ambiri. Vinyo adapangidwa kuchokera ku icho chaka chatha, popanda chilichonse chofanizira, ndidachikonda, bwino kwambiri kuposa sitolo. Zipatso zimapeza shuga mpaka kudula. Ichi ndiye chitsamba changa chomwe ndimakonda. Inde, zipatso zake ndizabwino, koma Zilga ndiye wopanda mavuto.

Reg//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-2824.html

Ndipo anali wokalamba! Popanda zanzeru zilizonse kuti muwonjezere CAT! Chaka chino, CAT sichimafika madigiri 1900. Maluwa oyambilira, anasiya maburashi awiri pa mphukira, sanazindikire, m'malo ena panali maburashi atatu. Zilga adatulutsa chilichonse. Anapitilizabe kupeza shuga pambuyo pa madzi oundana, kupha masamba ndi kotala, kutentha pang'ono tsiku lililonse kuyambira madigiri 4 mpaka 13. Ukali pakukomoka wasowa, madziwo kuchokera mabulosi amangokhala okoma. Poyerekeza, Varduva pamikhalidwe imodzimodziyo sanakhwime, ngakhale anali ndi maburashi angapo.

Nat50108//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-2824.html

Jambulani chogwirizira cha kalasi yokhazikika ya Zilga. Zosiyanasiyana zikufalikira ku Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, Sweden, Norway, USA ndi Canada. Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira kwambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumpoto. Kanani ndi matenda komanso zolimba. Tili ndi Lithuania zosaphimba, timalekerera -35 gr. Zabwino zanga za shuga zimafika mpaka 18%. ... Zilga amabala zipatso bwino komanso mawonekedwe akulu. Zosiyanasiyana ndizopatsa zipatso, zimapereka mphukira zambiri. Ku Lithuania, imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira nyumba zaulimi, makonde osiyanasiyana, zipilala. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito vinyo watsopano wopangidwa ndi nyumba.

Rijus//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-2824.html

... Ndinagula Zilgu nthawi yachilimwe, mpesa watuluka kale ndipo masamba adasanduka ofiira. M'nyengo yachisanu ndizophimba ngati maluwa - msewu wochokera ku ma arcs ndi lutrasil-60 m'magawo angapo, chifukwa ngati mpesa wakucha ungathe kupirira chisanu chabwino, ndiye kuti mizu imangofika - madigiri 7 okha.

Irinakir (Moscow)//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=913424

... Mphesa za Zilga (Latvian. Selection) sizimasungidwa, sizigwirizana ndi chisanu, zimamaliza msangawo. Ngati muli nacho chaching'ono, ndibwino kuchichotsa kuchirikiza ndikuchiphimba, mwachitsanzo, ndimtundu wina. Ndimangotsitsa pansi Zilga wanga, ndipo sindinakhalepo chisanu chilichonse ngakhale pogona chisanu. Chaka chino sindikuwombera konse, kudula kokha.

Mkazi wa Riga (Riga)//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=913424

Ichi ndiye mbewu yanga yoyamba. Zilga ndi Star B ... Zidachitika kuti chaka chino adasiyidwa osayang'aniridwa ndi kusamalidwa, sanatenge malo ogona, sanadule, sanamwe madzi, ndipo sanadyetse. Adatola kg 5. Adali pafupifupi kulawa, Zilga yekha ndiye adayamba kukoma kwambiri, kale mu Ogasiti, ndipo Star B idasonkhanitsidwa mu Seputembala. Chilichonse chimakhala chabwino, mafupa okhaokha ndiakulu, omwe amakhala otero popanda maenje ...

Valeria (Dera la Moscow)//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=584&start=780

Amakhazikika chaka chino mwamtheradi popanda pogona, mipesa yokha, Golden Potapenko ndi Zilga ndizowongoka. Ndiye tiyeni tiwone m'mene adzuke, ali olimba.

kumpoto (St. Petersburg)//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t= 9038 & tsamba = 11

Kusintha kwanyengo chifukwa cha kutentha kwanyengo ndi koyenera kusamutsira malire a mbewu zamitunda kupita kumadera akumpoto. Kumpoto, kusowa kwa masiku okhala ndi kutentha kwabwino kumalipidwa ndi kutalika kwa maola masana. Mitundu yatsopano imawonekera nthawi zonse, osafuna kutentha ngati abale awo akumwera. Zilga mphesa zozizira-molimba yozizira zikukulonjeza kuti zikukula kumpoto. Kutengera malamulo oti azisamalira ikangogwa, mpesawo ungasangalale mutapeza zipatso zabwino zomwe zimakhala ndi "isabelic".