Kubzala mphesa ku Belarus: mwachidule za mitundu yabwino kwambiri

Belarus si malo abwino kulima mphesa za thermophilic. Koma ntchito yosinthidwa nthawi zonse ya obereketsa kuti apange mitundu yatsopano yomwe siigwirizana ndi nyengo yovuta yachititsa kuti kulima kwa mbeuyi pa dothi la Belarusi ndikwenikweni komanso kotsika mtengo kwa alimi omwe alibe nzeru zambiri.

Mbiri yakukula mphesa ku Belarus

Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mphesa zomwe zikukula ku Belarus zidayamba zaka za zana la 11. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, lamulo loti azikhazikitsa mipesa yozizira, yoperekedwa ndi bishopu kwa a Superior a a Turov Monastery, yasungidwa. M'zaka za zana la XVIII, mphesa zidakhala chilengedwe chotchuka komanso malo osungira nyama. Ndizodziwika bwino ndikulima kwawo ku Radziwill estate "Alba", yomwe ili pafupi ndi mzinda wa Nesvizh, komanso madera ena a anthu abwino.

Matenda a Chibelarusi adakula kwambiri mu 1840, pomwe sukulu yaulimi idakhazikitsidwa pa malo a Gory-Gorki m'chigawo cha Mogilev. Mutu wa nazale ya zipatso yomwe idapangidwa pamaziko ake unasonkhanitsa mbewu zambiri, zomwe zinaphatikizapo mitundu 6 ya mphesa.

Udindo wofunika kwambiri pantchito yogawa mphesa ku Belarus idaseweredwa ndi wodziwa dimba wa maluwa Joseph Kondratievich Moroz. Pamalo obwereka pafupi ndi mudzi wa Fatyn, adakulitsa chikhalidwe ichi kuyambira 1900. IK Moroz adakonda kwambiri mitundu yoyambirira ya Achinyamata.

Amuna oyambira amapezeka m'minda yamphesa ku Belarus ndi lero

Pambuyo pa kusinthaku, Academy of Science of Belarus idayamba kuphunzira za ulimi wamitundumitundu. Adabzalanso mphesa pamafamu onse a dera la Gomel. Chigawo cha Khoyninsky chokha, chikhalidwe ichi chinali ndi mahekitala 6. Tsoka ilo, minda yambiri yamphesa idamwalira mu Nkhondo Yaikulu ya Patriotic.

Nkhondo itatha, malo ambiri olimba adatsegulidwa, kuyesa mitundu ya mphesa ku Belarus. Makampani otchuka monga I.M. Kissel ndi I.P. Sykora. Zaka zonsezi, ntchito zamatenda achi Belarusi zidafika pachimake. Ankachita ntchito yamafamu akuluakulu komanso osamalira maluwa. Census All-Union Census of minda yazipatso mu 1953, idaganiziranso tchire 90,195.

Koma zomwe zidachitika mu 1954-1964 ndi Institute of Biology of the Academy of Science of Belarus zidawonetsa kuti mitundu yambiri yomwe yabzalidwa m'minda yamphesa sioyenera kulimidwa munthawi zanyengo izi ndipo ngakhale madera akum'mwera kwambiri samacha nthawi zopitilira 6-8 pazaka khumi. Kuperewera kwa kuthekera kwachuma kunapangitsa kuti minda itayang'anitsidwe pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, pofika 1965, minda yamphesa yaying'ono idangokhala m'malo ochepa okha a Brest.

Mphepo yachiwiri ya zipatso za ku Belarusi idatsegulidwa mu 80s ya zaka zapitazi. Kulima mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa yomwe imalekerera nyengo zovuta kunapangitsa kuti ikule mu madera onse amderali. Chidwi chachikulu pa chikhalidwechi chidakali m'masiku athu ano. Masiku ano zitha kupezeka m'minda yambiri yamayiko.

Kanema: Chiwonetsero cha Republican cha mphesa mumzinda wa Pinsk

Momwe mungasankhire mitundu ya mphesa kuti mukule ku Belarus

Nyengo ku Belarus sizabwino kwenikweni pamitundu ya mphesa yapamwamba. Apa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chisanu nthawi yachisanu komanso chinyezi chambiri nyengo yotentha. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri aiwo alibe nthawi yoti akhwime mwachilimwe pang'ono ndi mfundo zakumwera ndi masiku ochepa otentha. Mphesa ndi madambo, okhala ndi nthaka yambiri komanso peat yambiri, yomwe imakhala mbali zambiri zadzikolo, sizipindula.

Pali zabwino zina kumpoto kwa viticulture. Ku Belarus, phylloxera (mphesa aphid), yomwe yayamba kukhala mliri weniweni wa minda yamphesa yakumwera, phomopsis (mawanga akuda) ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo, ili pafupi kulibe. Kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu opanga vinyo ku Belarusi samakumana ndi matenda a fungus. Koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cholowetsa mbande zakumwera kulowa mdziko ndi kusintha kwanyengo, zochitika zodwala mphesa ndi mphere, oidium ndi anthracnose zayamba kuchuluka. Komabe, kufalikira kwa matendawa ndikotsika kwambiri kuposa kumwera.

Kuti muchite bwino kubzala mphesa, akatswiri odziwa ntchito zamaluwa amalangiza kusankha mitundu yomwe ikwaniritsa izi:

• hardness yozizira;
• kucha ndi kupsa koyambirira;
• kuthekera kwa kupsa pamtunda wa kutentha kotsika pansi pa 2 600 ° ku zigawo zakumwera ndi ochepera 2,400 ° Kumpoto;
• kuchira msanga kwa mipesa pambuyo povulala chifukwa cha kutentha pang'ono;
• The kukhalapo kwa chitetezo chokwanira matenda oyamba ndi fungus.

Vidiyo: Wopanga vinyo ku Belarusi amalankhula za zovuta za kusankhidwa kwa mitundu

Zosankha zingapo za Belarusi

Kafukufuku wasayansi wazipatso zam'mphepete komanso kusankhidwa kwake m'gawo la Belarus kumachitika ndi RUE Institute for Flying Kukula. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya akatswiri ake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa idabadwa yomwe imakula bwino mu nyengo ya Belarus ndipo imaphatikizidwa ndi State Register yosankhidwa zakudziko. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Minsk pinki. Mphesa zolimba zakuthambo ndi nthawi yoyambirira kwambiri yakucha. Zing'onozing'ono, zolemera pafupifupi 2.2 g, zipatso zamtunduwu ndizopakidwa utoto wakuda ndi utoto wokhala ndi zipatso zowoneka bwino. Khungu limakhala loonda, lofooka. Kudera la Vitebsk, limakhazikika kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala. Pinki wa Minsk amalekerera kutsika kwa kutentha mpaka -29 ° C ndipo amalimbana ndi matenda ambiri a mafangasi.
  

  Zosiyanasiyana. Palibenso chifukwa chokulira, kudula mpaka kutalika mita, ndikugwada, ndipo ndizo! Chimapsa kwathunthu mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala, okoma, amangobwera vinyo kamodzi, ndipo timadya nthawi zonse.

  Alexander13

  //idvor.by/index.php/forum/535-vinograd/19236-vinograd-ne-vyzrevaet

• Danga (Neptune). Universal zosiyanasiyana, yodziwika ndi mphamvu yayikulu yakukula ndi kupsa kwabwino kwa mpesa. Zipatso zake zazing'ono zakuda zokhala ndi minofu, yowutsa mudyo, tart zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu otayirira okhala ndi magalamu pafupifupi 120. Nthawi zambiri amapsa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti-theka loyamba la Seputembala. Pafupifupi 2, 1 makilogalamu a zipatso amatengedwa pachitsamba chimodzi. Kuuma kwa nyengo yachisanu - mpaka -26 ° C. Malo samakhala ndi zovuta zowuma komanso zowola imvi, koma zimatha kukhudzidwa ndi oidium.
• Nyenyezi Mphesa zamtundu wazipatso zakupsa patatha masiku 101 itayamba nyengo ya kukula). Zipatsozo ndi zofiirira zakuda, zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi kukoma kosavuta. Thupi lawo limakhala ndi pafupifupi 18.4% ya shuga omwe ali ndi acidity ya 4.8 g / L. Zokoma za zipatso ndi 7.9 mfundo kuchokera ku 10. Wowona nyenyezi nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, ndipo kukana kwake chisanu sikupitirira -24 ° C. Zokolola zamitundu mitundu zimakhala pafupifupi 2 4 makilogalamu pa chomera chilichonse.
• Kukongola Kumpoto (Olga). Wololera (pafupifupi 4.1 makilogalamu pa chomera chilichonse) mphesa zosiyanasiyana. Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zolemera mpaka 5 g, zimapakidwa utoto wobiriwira. Guwa ndi lamchere-lambiri, lokoma, lokhazikika kapena kununkhira pang'ono kwa udzu. Kukongola kumpoto nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Kutentha kwambiri kwa chisanu kwa mitunduyo kumakhala kozungulira -26 ° C.
  

  Kwa ine, zosiyanasiyana ndizosangalatsa, koma ... komanso zovuta kwambiri - oidium. Sindikupangira chitetezo cha mankhwala ayi - ndiko kuchepa kwa mbewu.

  Katerina55

  //vinograd.belarusforum.net/t27-topic

Zosiyanasiyana cosmos, cosmonaut, Kukongola kwa Kumpoto zidapangidwa mogwirizana ndi akatswiri ochokera ku All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Selection of Fatso Plants omwe adatchulidwa kuti I.V. Michurina.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: Mitundu ya mphesa yopangidwa ndi Institute of Kukula Zipatso

Mitundu yosaphimba

Mphesa ndi chikhalidwe cha thermophilic. Ku Belarus, amafunika pogona nthawi yozizira. Mitundu ina yokha yokhala ndi hardness yozizira yoposa -28 ° C ndiyoitha kulekerera nyengo yozizira popanda iyo. Mwachitsanzo:

• Pinki wa Minsk;
• Lepsna;
• Alefa
• Somerset Sidlis;
• Mwambi wa Sharov;
• Marshal Foch.

Lepsna

Universal mphesa zosiyanasiyana Lithuanian. Imalekerera kutentha kwam'mlengalenga pansipa - 28-30 ° C. Kuphatikiza apo, zamtunduwu zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi khansa komanso zowola imvi ndi sing'anga - mpaka oidium.

Tchire la Lepsny ndilamphamvu, likucha bwino kutalika konse. Zipatsozi zimakhala zofiirira zakuda, zolemera 3-4 g, zimapangika masango ang'onoang'ono a sing'anga. Mimbuluyi ndi yopanda minyewa, yosakanikirana bwino ndi fungo labwino la labrusca. Muli mpaka 19% mashuga okhala ndi acidity pafupifupi 5 g / l.

Zipatso za Lepsna zimalekeredwa bwino poyendera komanso kusungira

Ku Belarus, Lepsna amakula masiku 100-110 masamba ataphuka. Zipatso zake zimadyedwa zatsopano ndikugwiritsa ntchito misuzi, vin ndi ma compotes.

Somerset Sidlis

Mphesa zopanda mbewu zophatikizika ku United States of America. Ili ndi mtundu wina wosakhazikika nthawi yozizira. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, amachokera ku -30 mpaka -34 ° C.

Vine Somerset Sidlis ali ndi mphamvu yapakatikati. Zipatso zake ndizopepuka za pinki ndipo zimakhala zamkati kwambiri komanso zotsekemera, zomwe zimakoma kwambiri. Zimacha mkati mwa masiku 110-115 atayamba nyengo yomera. Zoyala za njere mu zipatso ndizosowa.

Somerset Sidlis ndi mitundu yosagwira bwino chisanu

Somerset sidlis imakhala ndi nthenda zambiri za fungus, koma imakonda kuvutika ndi mavu omwe imakoka zipatso zake zokoma ndi zonunkhira. Kupanga ndi pafupifupi.

M'mikhalidwe yanga, m'modzi mwa omwe adapulumuka mwachilengedwe popanda kuwonongeka kooneka, wadzaza ndi mphukira zopatsa zipatso, ali wokondwa. Nyengo yatha, podyera, zikondwerero sizinachitike.

serge47

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1749&page=12

Marshal Foch

Technical mphesa zamtundu wa gulu la Franco-American hybrids. Imatha kupirira mosavuta chisanu mpaka -29 ° C, ndipo malinga ndi malipoti ena mpaka -32 ° C. Marshal Fosh akuphatikizidwa mu State Register ya Zosiyanasiyana za Republic of Belarus.

Mipesa yamtunduwu imadziwika ndi mphamvu yakukula pang'ono. Zipatsozo ndizazungulira, zazing'ono, zabuluu zakuda. Amapanga mitundu yapamwamba yapinki ya pinki ndi yofiirira, yodziwika bwino.

Mafuta a mphesa a Marshal Foch adatchedwa mkulu wa Asitikali ankhondo aku France pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse Ferdinand Foch

Marshal Foch amalimbana ndi khansa ndi oidium. Kupanga ndi pafupifupi. Kuti achulukitse, alimi odziwa ntchito amayeserera kutchukitsa chitsamba ndi maso awo, kenako ndikuwaza mphukira zosabereka.

Ndinapanga vinyo.Ndinapeza pafupifupi malita 5. Dzulo tinayesesa kulawa ndi abale anga. Ndili ndimdima, wandiweyani, wokhutira! Kwa ine, oyamba kumene komanso okondedwa ndiwokongola kwambiri. Ndidabowola malita 4 otsalawo ndikuyika mu cellar. Chaka chino vinyo wabwino kwambiri wa MF! Uku ndikoyerekezera koyambirira.

Dima Minsk

//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=61&t=753&start=10

Oyambirira

Mitundu ya mphesa zoyambirira ndiyotchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa ku Belarus. Pa kusasitsa kwawo, masiku 95 -125 ali okwanira ndi kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe ogwira ntchito osapitirira 2,600 ° C. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muthe kututa mphesa zochulukirapo ngakhale mu nyengo yachilimwe ya Belarusi. Madera oyambirira kucha ku Belarus ali ndi mitundu iyi ya mbewu:

• Aleshenkin;
• Agate Don;
• Kumpoto koyambirira;
• Violet august;
• Korinka Russian;
• Tukay;
• Crystal;
• Nyengo.

Agate Don

Mphesa zamtundu wa tebulo zopangidwa ndi akatswiri a VNIIViV im.Ya.I. Potapenko (mzinda wa Novocherkassk). Zipatso zake zimapsa patatha masiku 115-120 masamba ataphuka pamtunda wotentha wa 2,450 ° C.

Don Agate - mitundu yamphamvu ndi zipatso zamdima za buluu zakuda zolemera mpaka magalamu asanu. Thupi lamtunduwu ndilabwino, ndipo limakhala ndi kukoma kosavuta popanda fungo lokhazikika, khungu limakhala lonenepa, limatha kudya. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zololera kwambiri ndipo zimakonda kulemera kwambiri ndi zipatso, motero zimafunikira kukhala zofanana. Pakati pake, masango 1-2 amasiyidwa pa mphukira imodzi. Kulephera kutsatira lamuloli kumatha kubweretsa kuwonjezeka ndikuperewera pakoma kwa zipatso.

Don agate ndiyabwino pakati pa alimi a Belarus

Don agate imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kufinya, kuwola imvi ndi kutentha kochepa (mpaka -26 ° C). Chifukwa chosazindikira komanso kukoma kwake, mitunduyi yafalikira ku Belarus. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa zambiri amalimbikitsa kuti azikulitsa omwe atha kumene ulimi wamtchire.

Ndipo chaka chatha Agat Donskoy adandisangalatsa, mitundu ina imakhala chisanu kapena mvula nthawi yamaluwa, ndipo iyi imakhala henna. Kupsa kwa mpesa ndibwino pafupifupi pakukula kwathunthu kwamamita 2,5 mpaka 300. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala ngati kosaloledwa, koma sikuvutitsa, mutha kudya kwambiri, ndipo ngati mutapanga komot kuchokera pamakomedwewo kumakhala kovutirapo, koma sindikumvetsa chifukwa chake mavu ake ngati Kiev pafupi nayo, ikuphatikiza ndi shuga, koma mavu samadya, koma pa nkalamba ngati uchi. Chaka chino, wobzala mbande zina ziwiri, zidzakhala ngati chowawa.

ma sergeykas

//vinograd.belarusforum.net/t6p30-topic

Korinka Russian

Korinka Russian ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yakale kwambiri ya mphesa. Ngakhale madera akumpoto kwa Belarus, ali okonzeka kukolola kale mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha Ogasiti.

Zipatso za Russian Korinka ndizochepa, zobiriwira zagolide, zimakhala ndi pinki. Kuguza kwake ndi kwamkhungu, kopanda mbewu, kununkhira kosangalatsa popanda fungo lokhazikika. Muli shuga 20-25% wokhala ndi acidity osapitilira 5 g / l. Zipatso za Korinka Russian ndizabwino kudya zatsopano komanso kupanga zoumba zoumba ngati zoumba.

Mpesa wamtunduwu umakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zokulira ndipo umakhwima bwino kutalika kwake konse, ngakhale ku Belarus. Kuphatikiza apo, Korinka Russian imalekerera chisanu bwino mpaka -26 ° C ndipo sichimakhudzidwa ndi khansa. Komabe, atengeke mosavuta ndi oidium.

Vidiyo: Korinka Russian m'munda wamphesa wa Belarusi

Tukai

Mtundu wina wa mphesa zoyambirira kwambiri. Zipatso zake zimatha kucha kale 90-95 patatha masiku kukula. Ku Belarus, nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa Ogasiti.

Tukai ndi chitsamba chokulirapo komanso chamtundu waukulu wamtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, wophatikizidwa ndi masilinda amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira 300 mpaka 800 magalamu. Pulogalamuyi ndi yowutsa mudyo, okoma, wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu la muscat. Mukakhala pamalo abwino, kuchokera ku chomera chimodzi mutha kusuta zipatso 15 mpaka 15 zomwe zimalekeredwa bwino ndikumayendetsa ndikusungira.

M'mikhalidwe yabwino, kulemera kwa zipatso za Tukay kumatha kufika 4 g

Tukai si wolimba kwambiri. Mpesa wake umatha kufa kutentha kutentha -25 ° C, ndipo malinga ndi malipoti ena, ngakhale pansipa -21 ° C. Mwa zina zoyipa zamitundu iyi, akatswiri avinyo ku Belarus amati:

• kusowa kwa chitetezo cha kufinya ndi oidium;
• kawirikawiri kupukutidwa kwa nyengo mum nyengo yovuta;
• chizolowezi chosenda zipatso.

Ngakhale pali zovuta zonse za kupukutira, Tukay wapsa ndipo pafupifupi zonse zadyedwa. Lawani zamkati mwamphamvu. Mankhwala osawoneka. Mankhwala osiyidwa angapo.

siluet

//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2539&page=5

Pambuyo pake

Mitundu ya mphesa yokhala ndi nthawi yakucha yoposa masiku 135-140 siili oyenera kukula ku Belarus. Ambiri aiwo alibe nthawi yakucha chilimwe chachi Belarusi. Mitundu iwiri yokha yotsala pang'ono ndiyomwe idaphatikizidwa mu boma lolembetsa zakusankhidwa kwa dziko lino:

• Alefa Masamba ake amdima wofiirira omwe ali ndi pulp ya mucous, yomwe imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a isabial kukoma, ipsa pambuyo masiku 140-145 kuyambira chiyambi cha kukula ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kutentha pamwamba pa 2 800 °. Ngakhale nthawi yakucha kwambiri, Alfa ndiofala ku Belarus. Izi zidatheka chifukwa chodabwitsanso komanso chisanu.Amalekerera kuzizira nyengo yozizira popanda pogona ndipo safunikira ntchito zapadera zaulimi m'chilimwe. Mitundu iyi imakhalanso ndi zipatso zabwino. Kuchokera pa mahekitala amodzi obzala Alpha, mutha kusonkhanitsa zipatso za 150-180, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma viniga ndi ma compotes.
  

  Mitundu ya alfa nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana misasa ndi malo owotchera miyala.

• Taiga emerald. Gome yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi zipatso zobiriwira zonunkhira komanso wowawasa wokhala ndi kukoma kwambiri kwa sitiroberi. Amadziwika ndi kukana kuzizira kwambiri (mpaka -30 ° C) ndi kukhalapo kwa chitetezo chokwanira. Kupanga kwa mtundu wa Taiga emerald ndi 60-80 kg / ha. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake patebulo, ku Belarus mitundu iyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vin.
  

  Mtundu wama mphesa Taiga emerald unapangidwa ndi I.V. Michurina wolemba Nikolai Tikhonov

Ndili ndi tchire zingapo za Alpha pa compote. Ndikufuna kuyesa pang'ono ndi mitundu ina pokonzekera vinyo. Ndimakonda kukoma kwa Isabella, kukoma kwa ubwana, kunena kwake. Pali anthu ochepa omwe samakula. Choonadi chikukula - amanenedwa mokweza - palibe mitundu, palibe chakudya, palibe chithandizo ... Chimapulumuka, koma palibe chomwe chikuyenera kuchitika .... Simufunikanso kudya.

Wolodiya

//vinograd.belarusforum.net/t28-topic

Masiku ano, mphesa sizinthu zachilendo ku Belarus. Chiwerengero chamaluwa amateur amachikulitsa mu ziwembu zawo. Kukhala mmodzi wa iwo ndikosavuta. Ndikokwanira kusankha mitundu yoyenera ya mphesa ndikupatsa chidwi chomera. Pobwezeretsa, adzayamikiradi woyambayo poyambira ndi zipatso zambiri zokoma ndi zonunkhira.