Bowa ndi chakudya chamtengo wapatali chokhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, microelements komanso amino acid. M'dera la Voronezh, lomwe lili m'nkhalango yotchedwa steppe zone, mungapeze mpaka mitundu 500 ya bowa. Koma, pokhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, n'zosavuta kulakwitsa ndikusokoneza "zosavuta" zitsanzo, kusiyana ndi kuvulaza thupi. Pofuna kupewa izi, tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino bowa lomwe likukula m'dera lino.
Bowa Wodyetsedwa
Pafupifupi 200 mitundu ya bowa zodyera zimakula m'deralo. Kuwonjezera pa iwo, pali zakudya zambiri zomwe zimadya, zomwe zingadye pokhapokha atapatsidwa chithandizo cha kutentha kwathunthu. Tiyeni tiyang'ane mitundu yodziwika bwino ya bowa zodyedwa komanso zochepa.
Bowa wonyezimira
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi mitundu ndi zopindulitsa katundu wa porcini bowa, komanso phunzirani kukonzekera porcini bowa m'nyengo yozizira.
- Dzina lina: Boletus, Boletus edulis.
- Hat: mdima wofiira ndi wofewa, mkaka wofiirira kapena wophika, wofiira mpaka masentimita 20. Khosi lamoto ndi lowala, kenako limakhala lobiriwira ndi lofiira.
- Mwendo: zamphamvu, zowirira, zowirira, zoyera, mpaka masentimita asanu ndi awiri. Zimakhala ndi beige kapena bulauni.
- Chidutswa: wandiweyani, sikumdima mdulidwe.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: July - November.
- Habitat: nkhalango yamdima, mdima wamdima, woyera moss pakati pa boron youma.
- Kuphika: njira iliyonse yosinthira.
Ndikofunikira! Kukonzekera kusonkhanitsa bowa, musadalire pazidziwitso zokhazokha. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndibwino kuti muyanjane ndi osankha omwe amadziwa bwino bowa, omwe mungaphunzire zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi kusaka "mwakachetechete" kudera lino. Musamaike moyo wanu pangozi, ndipo ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi poizoni, pitani kuchipatala.
Veselka wamba
- Dzina lina: phallus zosamvetsetseka, movutikira kwambiri, Phallus impudicus.
- Thupi la zipatso: chozungulira kapena ovoid, kuwala kapena pinki-violet, mpaka masentimita 5 mu kukula, kachilombo kamene kakukula kamene kamaphwanya thupi kumagawo angapo, ndipo amakhala pansi monga volvo.
- Chinsinsi: Pulogalamu yapamwamba yokhala ndi mapulogalamu apakati pa 4-5 masentimita pamwamba ndi 2-4 masentimita, wophimba ndi mchere wobiriwira ndi kununkhira kwa nyama yowola, pamwamba - disi wandiweyani ndi dzenje lalikulu.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: June - October.
- Habitat: mu nkhalango zamvula ndi malo ena.
- Kuphika: Mwachangu mu malo ozungulira, mutachotsa msuzi ndi chipolopolo.
Bowa wa Oyster
- Dzina lina: bowa wa oyster, Pleurotus ostreatus.
- Hat: mawonekedwe owoneka ngati khutu, kumapeto m'mphepete, mtundu wofiira, pansipa - mbale zowala, m'mimba mwake - mpaka masentimita 12.
- Mwendo: wandiweyani, wonyezimira, wachitsulo, wolimba, ndi waukulu wa 1-2 masentimita.
- Chidutswa: zoyera, zowutsa mudyo, sizimasintha podulidwa, ndi fungo lodziwika bwino.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: March - April ndi October - November, zimachitika m'nyengo yozizira.
- Habitat: mitengo yodula komanso yovuta kwambiri.
- Kuphika: njira zonse zopangira, miyendo siigwiritse ntchito.
Tikukudziwitsani kuti mudziwe njira zowonjezera bowa wa oyster kunyumba mumatumba, komanso njira zozizira ndi kuyanika bowa wa oyster.
Oyster Horn
- Dzina lina: Bowa wa Oyster wambiri, Pleurotus cornucopiae.
- Hat: chomera kapena chophimba, chophimba kapena chala.
- Mwendo: chophatikizapo, chophimba, chochepetsetsa m'munsi, choyera kapena chochepetsera mthunzi.
- Chidutswa: zoyera, zosavuta, zonunkhira bwino komanso zonunkhira.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: May - October.
- Habitat: mapiri ndi floodplain nkhalango zowononga, amakonda mitengo yamtundu wa hornbeam, beech, elm, oak.
- Kuphika: wophika mwatsopano (kuphika, mwachangu) ndi marinated.
Okonda kusaka mwakachetechete angakhale othandiza kuwerenga za momwe bowa amodyera amaoneka ngati nyongolotsi zakuda, chimphona chachikulu chotchedwa giant govorushka, chigamba chamagetsi, chophimba, mvula, mchenga wa mchenga, mokruha, udzu wamaluwa, nkhumba, nkhumba, nthaka, zoyera ndi zachikasu - mzere wofiirira.
Wolf Wolf
- Dzina lina: Volzhanka, Volnyanka, Lactarius tormmosus.
- Hat: Dothi lokhala ndi phokoso loyera, lozungulira kwambiri, lozungulira, lopindika, lamasentimita - masentimita 10. Mipata - mtundu wa mkaka wosungunuka, kukanikiza kumapereka kuwala, kofiira madzi oyaka.
- Mwendo: pinki, yosalala, yonyezimira, yopanda kanthu, yomwe ili ndi masentimita awiri mpaka 2 cm ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 5-7. Pamene muphwanya pambali, pali madzi achitsulo.
- Chidutswa: wandiweyani, wonyezimira, madzi ambiri amadzi ozizira kwambiri.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: kumapeto kwa August - September.
- Habitat: nkhalango zakale zomwe zimakhala ndi zitsamba zakuya komanso zowonongeka za masamba ndi singano.
- Kuphika: njira iliyonse yogwiritsira ntchito, koma itatha kusambira.
Wokamba nkhani
- Dzina lina: Zosangalatsa, Clitocybe gibba.
- Hat: zofiira, nthawi zina zachikasu, zoboola pakati, mmimba mwake - masentimita 4 mpaka 20. Madzi otsekemera kapena azitsamba amatsika pansi.
- Mwendo: kuwala, kusindikizira pang'ono, kunjenjemera, kutalika - mpaka 0,5 masentimita, wochuluka pamunsi.
- Chidutswa: fibrous, palibe kukoma kotchulidwa.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: theka lachiwiri la chilimwe ndi mwezi wa October.
- Habitat: mchere wotchedwa coniferous-deciduous ndi coniferous, kawirikawiri pansi pa beeches, hornbeams, mapini, mioliki.
- Kuphika: wabwino mu salting komanso mwatsopano wophikidwa - yophika ndi yokazinga.
Mlomo wakuda
- Dzina lina: wofiira wakuda, wakuda, Lactarius necator.
- Hat: mdima wandiweyani, pafupifupi wakuda, ndi mdima wowala, m'mimba mwake - mpaka masentimita 15, m'mphepete mwake atakulungidwa pansi, mohrist. Ma mbalewo ndi owonda, kawirikawiri, achikasu, amatsika pamtunda.
- Mwendo: zowirira, dzenje, zakuda, zakuya mpaka 2 cm.
- Chidutswa: Mkaka wambiri, mkaka woyera umatuluka pamtunduwu ndipo umakhala wofiirira.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: kumapeto kwa August - October.
- Habitat: Mitundu yonse ya nkhalango, ngati nkhungu zakuda.
- Kuphika: mwachangu, simmer, pickle, pickle, musanayambe kusamba mosamala ndikukwera m'madzi tsiku limodzi.
Fufuzani ngati mungathe kudya bowa lakuda, komanso momwe mungasiyanitse bowa weniweni kuchokera ku chinyengo.
Dubovik maolivi bulauni
- Dzina lina: Dubovik wamba, kugonjetsa, Boletus luridus.
- Hat: zozungulira, zosalala, minofu, velvet, mdima wakuda kapena maolivi, potsiriza kutembenuza bulauni, kutembenuzira buluu pamalo oponderezedwa.
- Mwendo: chikasu chachikasu ndi mtundu wofiirira, kutsika pansi, kutalika - 7-15 masentimita, m'mimba mwake - 2-6 masentimita.
- Chidutswa: wachikasu, wobiriwira kumunsi, kutembenukira buluu panthawi yopuma kapena kudula, fungo losangalatsa.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: July - September.
- Habitat: mu nkhalango pazitsulo.
- Kuphika: Mitundu ya nyama imadyedwa, pambuyo pa mphindi 15 ikhoza kukazinga; yayuma.
Mukudziwa? Plasmodium, kapena slezevik - imodzi mwa bowa wosadziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Iye ali ndi kukhoza kuyenda pa liwiro la pafupifupi sentimita imodzi pa ora! Slezovik ikhoza kukwera mtengo wa mtengo kapena pamwamba pa chitsa ndikukhala bwino.
Bowa wachisanu
- Dzina lina: nyengo yachisanu, Flammulina velutipes.
- Hat: chophwanyika, chowala, chofewa, chikasu-bulauni, chakuda kwambiri, pakati - 2-8 masentimita.
- Mwendo: mdima, velvety, pang'ono kuunika pansi pa kapu, m'mimba mwake - 0.5-0.7 cm ndi kutalika - 3-10 masentimita.
- Chidutswa: madzi, chikasu, okoma bowa kukoma.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: imodzi mwaposachedwapa, imapezeka kumapeto kwa autumn isanafike chisanu.
- Habitat: pazitsamba zowonongeka za mitengo yamtengo wapatali.
- Kuphika: wiritsani, mwachangu, mchere, pickle.
Bowa wa kabokosi
- Dzina lina: mtengo wamasitini, Gyroporus castaneus.
- Hat: mitsempha, kenako imakhala yowonongeka, nthawi zina imakhala ndi mphiko, wandiweyani, minofu, yowuma, yovota, mabokosi kapena bulauni-bulauni, mamita 4-9 cm.
- Mwendo: dzenje, zofiira, zofiira kapena zowala, kutalika - 4-6 masentimita ndi m'mimba mwake - 1-2.5 masentimita.
- Chidutswa: wandiweyani, wonyezimira, wokoma ndi zipatso zokoma.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: July - October.
- Habitat: mitengo yowonongeka ndi yowonongeka, mitengo ya oak-pine.
- Kuphika: pickles, roasts, soups; yayuma.
Chanterelle weniweni
- Dzina lina: Chanterelle, Cantharellus cibarius.
- Hat: chowombera, chotsatira, chowombera, chachikasu kapena chochepeta, chapakati - mpaka masentimita 6 6. Ma mbale - osakhalapo, amatsika pamtunda.
- Mwendo: yosalala, yopapatiza pansi, mtundu wa kapu.
- Chidutswa: wandiweyani, wotanuka, wonyezimira, wanyama.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: nyengo yonse ya chilimwe, mafunde amawonekera ngakhale mu nthawi youma.
- Habitat: nkhalango zowonongeka,
- Kuphika: Zowonongeka, ozizira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo, mchere.
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muwerenge za chanterelles komanso momwe mungapezere bowa wonyenga, ndiwothandiza bwanji, komanso momwe mungasamalire ndi kutsegula chanterelles kunyumba.
Mungakhale bowa
- Dzina lina: Mayina, Calocybe gambosa.
- Hat: Kuwala, kugwedezeka, kutsogolo, kumangoyenda pansi, kokometsetsa pamphepete mwa mzere, kupunthira, kupingasa - mpaka masentimita 10. Ma mbalewo ndi oyera kapena amodzi, nthawi zambiri, amamatira mwendo.
- Mwendo: wandiweyani, fibrous, chikasu kapena kirimu, m'mimba mwake - mpaka masentimita atatu.
- Chidutswa: wandiweyani, woyera, wandiweyani.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: May - June.
- Habitat: nkhalango yokongola, malo omasuka m'nyumba, nkhokwe ndi minda.
- Kuphika: supu ndi zotsekemera, mu billet m'nyengo yozizira sizimapita.
Granular oiler
- Dzina lina: Chokongoletsera choyamba, Suillus granulatus.
- Hat: zowonongeka, zowoneka bwino, zofiira, zachikasu, zobiriwira, zobiriwira, zofiira, masentimita 8.
- Mwendo: kuunika, kupyapyala, kosalala, popanda mphete, m'mimba mwake - 1-2 masentimita.
- Chidutswa: wandiweyani, woyera kapena wachikasu pang'ono.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: pakati pa mwezi wa June - Oktoba, amasonkhanitsidwa m'mawa kwambiri, chifukwa cha chakudya chamadzulo ali kale wormy.
- Habitat: nkhalango zomwe zimakhala ndi nkhalango zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka.
- Kuphika: imodzi mwa bowa wokoma kwambiri komanso wambiri.
Moss Fissured
- Dzina lina: Mohovikov wofiira, Xerocomus chrysenteron.
- Hat: mchere, wothira, wothira, maolivi, orangish kuti ukhale wofiirira, wothamanga, wovunda, kenako wamaliseche, wouma ndi wosasuntha, mamita 3-10 cm
- Mwendo: zowirira, zokhota, zowirira kapena zofiira, zofiira pansi, zimakhala ndi utoto wofiira, kutalika - masentimita 3-6 ndi awiri - masentimita 1-2.
- Chidutswa: kuwala, phungu pansi pa khungu, fungo lokhazika mtima pansi, pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira buluu pa kudula kapena kupuma.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: June - September
- Habitat: kulikonse, m'nkhalango za pine, mitengo ya oak ndi nkhalango za poplar, madontho a msondodzi.
- Kuphika: kuphika, mwachangu, pickle.
Mukudziwa? Pakati pa bowa pali zowononga zenizeni, ndipo wamkulu kwambiri mwa iwo anapezeka mu chidutswa cha amber, chomwe chiri pafupi zaka 100 miliyoni. Mwa njirayi, osati kale kwambiri munali mitsempha yambiri m'migodi ya Kyrgyzstan - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timatulutsa matenda. Akatswiri afalikira migodi ya spores ya bowa zodyera zomwe zimadya nematodes, ndipo lero pafupifupi amaiwala za vutoli.
Malo odera
- Dzina lina: udzu, chomera udzu, Marasmius oreades.
- Hat: Brown-bulauni kapena ocher-bulauni, poyamba kutulutsa, kenako ngati mawonekedwe a patina woyera, m'mphepete mwake, m'mimba mwake mpaka 4-5 masentimita.
- Mwendo: pang'ono chikasu, woonda, zotanuka, mosavuta wosweka.
- Chidutswa: madzi, otumbululuka, fungo labwino la amondi.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: kuyambira May mpaka June mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
- Habitat: malo odyetserako ziweto.
- Kuphika: kuphika, mwachangu, pickle, youma; zokoma zokometsera, miyendo musagwiritse ntchito.
Bowa zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuwerengera za bowa zomwe zimadya ndi zoopsa, zomwe zimadya bowa zimakula mu kugwa ndi mwezi wa Meyi, komanso kuphunzira momwe mungayang'anire bowa kuti zikhale zovomerezeka ndi njira zambiri.
Chisa cha m'dzinja
- Dzina lina: nthiti weniweni, Armillaria mellea.
- Hat: maluwa - kuchokera mchenga kuti ukhale wofiirira ndi mdima wofiira komanso wolemera, masikelo - mpaka masentimita 8. Ali ndi zaka zakubadwa, zofiira, zofiira, zopanda mamba.
- Mwendo: woonda, zotanuka, ndi mphete, wopepuka kuposa kapu, mdima pansi pa malo osungidwa.
- Chidutswa: wandiweyani, fibrous, woyera, fungo lokoma la bowa ndi kukoma.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: kuyambira kumapeto kwa August mpaka October chisanu.
- Habitat: pa stumps ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitengo, makamaka pa birch.
- Kuphika: kuphika, mwachangu, pickle, mchere; miyendo sinagwiritse ntchito.
Boletus
- Dzina lina: za wakuda, Leccinum scabrum.
- Hat: hemispherical, pang'ono imvi, ndi pateni, mpaka masentimita 12 m'mimba mwake, ndi chovala choyera choyera.
- Mwendo: wandiweyani, woyera, ndi mdima wandiweyani, kuwala kwapafupi, m'mimba mwake - mpaka masentimita 10.
- Chidutswa: wandiweyani, wonyezimira, wodwala spongy pansi, amasanduka imvi ndi zaka.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: May - October.
- Habitat: nkhalango ndi kukhalapo kwa birch.
- Kuphika: zabwino mu otentha, marinade, soups; yayuma.
Aspen Oakwood
- Dzina lina: oak ofiira, oak wamba, Leccinum quercinum.
- Hat: mu mawonekedwe a chilengedwe, brownish kapena orangish, m'mimba mwake - 6-16 masentimita.
- Mwendo: ochepa pamunsi, bulauni kapena bulauni, nthawi zambiri ndi mamba, kutalika - 8-15 masentimita.
- Chidutswa: wandiweyani, wofiira ndi mawanga aukali kapena a bulawuni, wakuda kukunkha kapena kudula.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: August - September
- Habitat: nkhalango ndi kukhalapo kwa mitengo ikuluikulu.
- Gwiritsani ntchito: njira iliyonse yosinthira.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi omwe akuyimira mitundu ya aspen, ndikuphunziranso momwe mungadziwire.
Wowonjezera kwambiri
- Dzina lina: morel, morchella esculenta.
- Hat: ovoid, bulauni kapena bulauni, maselo, m'mimba mwake - masentimita 5-6, m'mphepete mwagwirizane ndi tsinde.
- Mwendo: zowonongeka, zochepa, zopanda kanthu, kuwala kuposa kapu, m'mimba mwake - masentimita 2-3.
- Chidutswa: kuwala, tcheru, fungo la bowa, kukoma kokoma.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: kuyambira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May.
- Habitat: m'mphepete mwa madera otentha, pazitsamba zakale ndi zovunda.
- Kuphika: kuphika mwatsopano, wiritsani bwino, watchula kuti bowa kukoma.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge kumene akukula komanso momwe angaphikire zakudya zina, komanso kusiyana pakati pa bowa ndi mzere.
Chipewa chachikulu
- Dzina lina: Wofatsa kwambiri, Verpa bohemica.
- Hat: Nsalu yofiira, yofiira, yofiirira, mpaka masentimita atatu muja, amakhala pamtunda mwendo, m'mphepete simukuphatikizana ndi mwendo.
- Mwendo: zoyera ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'onoting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timapanga mpaka kumunsi, pamwamba, mpaka masentimita 15.
- Chidutswa: woonda, wosalimba, waxy, ndi fungo lodziwika bwino la dampness.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: April - May.
- Habitat: pakati pa tchire, glades ndi m'mphepete mwa aspen, birch ndi nkhalango za poplar.
- Kuphika: Onetsetsani kuti mukudya bwino, mugwiritseni ntchito mwatsopano musanayambe kutentha 10-15 mphindi (kutsanulira msuzi!).
Pine wofiira
- Dzina lina: Lactarius deliciosus.
- Hat: zojambulajambula kapena zoboola, zofiira-pinki ndi mdima wozungulira, 5-15 masentimita awiri.
- Mwendo: dzenje, zopepuka mpaka kumunsi, pokhapokha fossa.
- Chidutswa: wandiweyani, wachikasu-lalanje, podulidwa mwamsanga.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: Midsummer - kutha kwa autumn.
- Habitat: nkhalango ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana, nkhalango youma.
- Kuphika: mwatsopano wokonzeka - kuphika, mwachangu; zabwino ku salting.
Champignon wamba
- Dzina lina: Pepperica, Agaricus campestris.
- Hat: zoyera, zimadza ndi mamba ofiirira, osowa, kenako - mwa mawonekedwe a ambulera, m'mimba mwake - mpaka masentimita 15. Zipinda - zoyera, zazikulu, nthawi zambiri, kenako zimakhala zofiira.
- Mwendo: dzenje, pakati ndi mphete yodetsedwa yoyera, mpaka masentimita 10 mu msinkhu, mpaka 2 masentimita awiri.
- Chidutswa: zoyera, pining, zokondweretsa.
- Nthawi yosonkhanitsa: May - October.
- Habitat: malo odyetserako ziweto, mapiri, mapaki, minda, mapiri, malo.
- Kuphika: zabwino mu otentha, marinade, soups; yayuma.
Pezani zothandiza zomwe zimakhala ndi mimbulu, momwe mungatsukitsire maluwa moyenera, komanso mudziwe bwino luso lamakono la kulima kunyumba.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amayi pa nthawi ya mimba ndi lactation, komanso ana aang'ono. Ngakhale bowa zabwino zodyedwa zingakhale zolemetsa kwambiri kwa iwo ndipo zimayambitsa mavuto obisala.
Inedible, bowa chakupha
Kuwonjezera pa zakudya komanso moyenera zakudya bowa, inedible ndi chakupha mitundu amapezeka Voronezh m'dera. Inedible ndi bowa omwe, ngakhale kuti alibe poizoni, pazifukwa zina sagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo, fungo kapena dongosolo lolimba.
Poizoni ndi bowa aja, zomwe zakudya zimayambitsa poizoni. Ndi mitundu iyi ya bowa ayenera kusamala kwambiri ndipo, pofuna kupewa cholakwika, munthu ayenera kuphunzira bwino kusiyanitsa ndi mitundu yofanana yomwe imadya.
Chirabe chapafupi
- Dzina lina: Amanita wobiriwira, white amanita, Amanita phalloides.
- Hat: choyamba ngati belu, kenako ndi ambulera, yoyera kapena yobiriwira, nthawi zina imakhala yoyera. Mapepala ozolowereka ndi oyera.
- Mwendo: ndi mimba yoyera, kutsika kwa tuberous thickening, kutalika - kufika pa cm 10, mphete yoyera yonyamulira pambali.
- Chidutswa: zoyera, zosakhwima, zonunkhira bwino.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: July - October.
- Habitat: nkhalango zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka, zimakonda kukhazikika pansi pa mitengo ya mitengo, birch, lindens.
Valui zabodza
- Dzina lina: Zambirimbiri hebeloma, bowa wambiri, Hebeloma crustuliniforme.
- Hat: zamphamvu, zowonongeka, kenako ming'alu, kuwala kofiirira ndi chikasu, malo oda kwambiri, m'mimba mwake - mpaka masentimita 10.
- Mwendo: cholimba, chopanda kanthu, choyera kapena kirimu, chimachitika ndi miyeso yowala, mpaka masentimita 7 kutalika, madzi a mandimu sakusintha.
- Chidutswa: zoyera ndi tinge zokoma, kulawa kowawa, lakuda kununkhira kwa horseradish kapena kuvunda radish.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: August - October.
- Habitat: nkhalango zowonongeka, nkhalango.
Fiber Patuiara
- Dzina lina: fibrin blushing, inocybe patouillardii.
- Hat: chowoneka ngati kapu, kenako mmawonekedwe a ambulera yokhala ndi pakati, mtundu wa udzu umakhala wofiirira pa nthawi. Ma mbale ndi oyera, kawirikawiri, amakula, amawunikira ndi msinkhu.
- Mwendo: chikasu, pang'ono kutupa m'munsi, m'mimba mwake - 0.5-1 masentimita, kutalika - mpaka 7-8 masentimita.
- Chidutswa: kununkhiza kosautsa kosasangalatsa.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: m'dzinja
- Habitat: zowonongeka ndi zosakanizidwa kubzala.
Govorushka adayamba
- Dzina lina: Govorushka grayish, Clitocybe cerussata.
- Hat: zoyera, zowonongeka, kenako concave, ndi zowonongeka, palipakati pakatikati ndi mzere wozungulira, mamita - mpaka 10 cm.
- Mwendo: yofiira, fibrous, ndi fuzz yofewa, mazikowo amakula, kutalika - 2-4 masentimita, mamita - 1.5 cm.
- Chidutswa: kuwala, sikumapanga madzi amadzi.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: chilimwe ndi autumn.
- Habitat: nkhalango ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana, nkhalango yotseguka.
Bleached govorushka
- Dzina lina: wolankhula momasuka, wotsutsana ndi mbuzi, wogulitsa Clitocybe.
- Hat: Kuthandizira, kutsogolo, kenako kugwa pansi, kumakhala kosalala kapena kokota, kawirikawiri kumakhala koyera, koyera kapena imvi, pamtundu - buffy, mealy patina, m'mimba mwake - 2-6 masentimita.
- Mwendo: zoyera kapena za imvi, pang'onopang'ono mumtundu wa mtedza, olimba, mtsogolo - osadziwika, amdima pamene akakamizidwa.
- Chidutswa: zotsekemera, zowonjezereka, zoonda, zofiira, zofiira, ndi zonunkhira bwino za pfumbi ndi zosavuta.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: pakati pa July - November.
- Habitat: nkhalango, nkhalango, madera, mapaki.
Chigololo cha tsamba lofiira
- Dzina lina: sulphureous sulfure chikasu, Hypholoma fasciculare.
- Hat: choweramitsa, chachikasu-bulauni, chachikasu-imvi, chakuda pakati, pamtunda - 2-5 masentimita.
- Mwendo: woonda, wosaphika, wachikasu, kutalika - mpaka masentimita 10, m'mimba mwake - mpaka 0,5 cm.
- Chidutswa: chikasu, chakuthwa, chowawa, kulawa kumatayika pamene wophika.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: September - November.
- Habitat: pa kutaya nkhuni za mitengo ya coniferous ndi yovuta.
Mukudziwa? Bowa la shiitake la Japan ndilo lodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zinthu zake zamtengo wapatali zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ku cosmetology. Powonongeka kwambiri pakhungu, bokosi la bowa limadyetsa khungu ndipo limapangitsa kuti maselo atsitsirenso. Kotero, mu 2002, Yves Rocher anatulutsa mzere wapadera woletsa kukalamba wochokera ku zolemba za bowa za shiitake - "Serum Vegetal de Shiitake ".
Amanita Panther
- Dzina lina: Amanita gray, Amanita pantherina.
- Hat: chovekedwa ndi belu, ndi nthawi yokhala yonyezimira, yofiira-bulauni kapena bulauni ya maolivi okhala ndi ziphuphu zoyera. Ma mbalewo ndi oyera, aulere.
- Mwendo: zowonongeka, zoyera, zoyera, zovunda pansipa, ndi umaliseche, kuzungulira ndi mphonje, 6-12 masentimita pamwamba, mpaka 1.5 masentimita wandiweyani.
- Chidutswa: zoyera, fungo ndi zosasangalatsa, sizikuphwanya phokoso.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: July - October.
- Habitat: Mitengo yambiri, mchere, mitengo ya birch, m'nkhalango youma komanso m'mphepete mwa mathithi.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuĊµerenga za ngozi ya bowa wamapere, momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya amanitas ikuyang'anirako, ndipo amanita ali ndi phindu lanji.
Nkhumba zimakhala zazikulu
- Dzina lina: Mtsinje wa Spider Web, Orange Red Spider Web, Cortinarius orellanus.
- Hat: Pambuyo pake, pang'onopang'ono, phokoso laling'ono pakati, louma, losalala ndi timing'ono tating'onoting'ono, lalanje kapena utoto wofiirira, mapaundi - 3-8.5 masentimita.
- Mwendo: zochepa, zosakanizika, zowonjezereka, zobiriwira.
- Chidutswa: wachikasu, osati fungo lamphamvu la radish.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: midsummer - autumn.
- Habitat: nkhalango zakuda, kawirikawiri coniferous.
Nguluwe
- Dzina lina: nkhumba, ng'ombe, Paxillus influenut.
- Hat: zooneka ngati mapiko, zowoneka bwino, zowomba pamtunda, beige kapena zachikasu, mamita 6-12 masentimita.
- Mwendo: wandiweyani, mtundu wa kapu, kutalika - mpaka masentimita 8, mamita - 1.5 cm.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: June - October.
- Habitat: nkhalango ndi mitengo yambiri, birch, mtengo ndi zitsamba, pamphepete mwa mitsinje, pamphepete mwa nkhalango.
Mbewu zokolola
- Dzina lina: Russula caustic, Russula emetica.
- Hat: zonyezimira, zowonongeka, zowonongeka ndi ukalamba, kenako zidandaula ndi zowumitsa, zowonongeka, kumbali, ndi chinyezi - zowonjezera, kuchokera ku pinki mpaka zofiira ndi kuwala kapena ocher, 5-9 masentimita.
- Mwendo: wandiweyani, wamphamvu, ndi makwinya abwino, oyera, kenako amasanduka chikasu.
- Chidutswa: spongy, yonyowa pokonza, fungo laling'ono la zipatso, kukoma kwa tsabola, kenako kutembenukira pinki kapena kufiira.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: July - October.
- Habitat: nkhalango zowonongeka komanso zamchere, peatlands, mathithi.
Spring entrophe
- Dzina lina: Spring Rose Plate, Entoloma vernum.
- Hat: nthiti-yowonongeka, mofanana ndi kondomu, nthawi zambiri ndi pakatikati, pamutu wofiirira mpaka pafupifupi wakuda ndi azitona, m'mimba mwake - 2-5 masentimita.
- Mwendo: zofiira, zofiira ndi zowala, zazikulu pamunsi, kutalika - masentimita 3-8.
- Chidutswa: kuwala, popanda kukoma kosaoneka kapena fungo.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: May - June.
- Habitat: nkhalango zakuda, kawirikawiri - nkhalango zam'madzi.
Bowa wofiira wa ginger
- Dzina lina: piperica ya khungu loyera, Agaricus xanthodermus.
- Hat: zozungulira, zophimba, zofiira, zoyera, zoyera bwino. Ma mbalewo ndi owonda, oyera kapena owala pinki, kenaka akuda kwambiri.
- Mwendo: Kutupa pang'ono pamunsi, ndi mphete iwiri ndi mamba pansi, pamtengo womwe umakhala pansi, umakhala wowala, utali - 6-10 masentimita, m'mimba mwake - 1-2 masentimita.
- Chidutswa: zoyera, kutembenuka mwamsanga pamene adadulidwa ndi kupanikizika, kununkhiza kolimba kwa carbolic asidi.
- Kutulutsa nthawi: July - October.
- Habitat: mitengo yovuta komanso yosakanikirana, madambo.
Mushroom mawanga mu Voronezh dera
Omwe amapezerako bowa amadziwa bwino malo awa:
- Nkhumba zambiri zimapezeka ku McLock;
- ku Malyshevo kumakula zambiri ndi aspen;
- kuchokera ku Soldatsky, mukhoza kubweretsa bowa wabwino, bowa aspen, bowa aspen, bowa la Poland;
- Nelzha - malo abwino, okhala ndi bowa lalikulu.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, pali malo omwe ali ndi bowa woopsa kwambiri.
- m'mudzi wa Somovo;
- gawo la masewera otchuka "Olimpiki";
- dera la hotelo "Sputnik";
- midzi yoyandikana nayo Yamnoe, Podgornoye ndi Medovka;
- gawo la Sukulu ya Militia ndi mudzi wa Shady;
- kulima nkhalango ku Soviet.
Choncho, poti mupite bowa, kumbukirani kuti ndi bwino kuti muziwasonkhanitsa m'madera oyeretsa, kutali ndi mizinda ikuluikulu, mabungwe akuluakulu komanso misewu. Tengani bowa okha, atsopano komanso odziwika bwino. Ndipo nthawi zonse muzigwiritsa ntchito lamulo: osatsimikizika - liponye kutali. Kusaka kwabwino ndi kotetezeka kwa inu!
