Passiflora ndi mbewu yobadwira ku Colombia, yomwe imakulanso ku Brazil ndi Peru. Woimira uyu wa banja la a Passionflower ali ndi zinthu zochiritsa zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amwenye zaka za m'ma 1600.
Kufotokozera Passiflora
Duwa lokonda chidwi limatha kukhala shrub kapena zitsamba ndi masamba athunthu kapena owonda. Maluwa amafika masentimita 10, amatulutsa zipatso pazitali zazitali.
Pali pamiyala isanu ndi manda; pamtsinje wapakati pali kachitidwe kakang'ono. Zipatso za Passiflora ndi chipatso chokonda, zina mwa izo, mwachitsanzo, Passiflora Blue kapena Edible Passionflower, zimadyedwa.
Mitundu ya Passiflora
Zomera zamtchire zimaphatikizapo mitundu ya mitundu 400, koma ochepa okha mwaiwo ndi omwe amakhala akulu ngati maluwa amkati.
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Maluwa | Chipatso |
| Incarnata | Kutalika kwamankhwala okalamba kwamankhwala. | Chachikulu, chofiirira, choyera kapena chofiirira ndi chofiirira. | Wokoma ndi wowawasa, wamkulu kakulidwe. Chikasu chachikulu. |
| Buluu | Mpaka masentimita 900. Liana lobiriwira nthawi zonse, limakhala lozizira ndipo silimadzichiritsa pochoka. Kugawidwa ku Latin America. | 10 cm mulifupi, zoyera, zabuluu kapena zofiirira. | 3-6 cm kutalika, 4-5 masentimita. Ellipsoid, chikasu. Zili ndi mbewu zambiri zofiira. |
| Zotheka | 800-1000 cm, wobiriwira wobiriwira liana. Masamba kutalika kwa 10-20 cm ndi m'mphepete mwa maseramu. | 2-3 masentimita. | Zowoneka, lalanje-wobiriwira, ozungulira. Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cosmetology. |
| Zosintha | Chomera cham'mimba chokhala ndi zipatso zosapsa, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu mankhwala. Tsamba ndi sinewy, fleecy. | 4-6 masentimita awiri, imvi, yoyera kapena beige. | Chozunguliridwa, lalanje. Achichepere amafika masentimita 2-3. Okhwima amadyedwa mwachangu. |
| Nyama yofiyira | 900 masentimita, mpesa wokhala ndi udzu. Imakhala ndi mizu yayitali. Amasiya mpaka 20 cm m'mimba mwake, akhakula. | 8-9 masentimita, korona wokutidwa ndi pindo la utoto wofiirira. Maphalawo ndi oyera. | Masamba obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira omwe amayambanso kupsa. Ntchito kwambiri pakupanga zakudya. |
| Laurel | Liana yolimba mpaka masentimita 1000. Masamba osalaza otetezedwa ndi sera, amafikira 17 cm masentimita, 5-8 cm mulifupi. | Ozungulira, oyera-violet, kukula kwapakatikati. | Ellipsoid, 7-8 cm kutalika, 3-6 cm mulifupi. Peel yachikasu ndi oyera oyera owoneka bwino okhala ndi nthanga. |
| Zachikondi | Shrub kapena woyimira wa lianar mpaka 500-700 cm wamtali. Kugawidwa ku Andes ndi New Zealand pamtunda wopitilira 3,000 m. | 6-8 masentimita. Ndiwopanda pake. | Imafika kutalika kwa 12 cm, 5 cm mulifupi. Muli lokoma burgundy zamkati ndi mbewu zakuda. Zotheka. |
| Reed | Liana, lamtondo m'munsi, ndi masentimita 400-500. Mapiko ake ndi osalala, masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a mtima wa 10-15 cm. | 7-10 masentimita, oyera oyera a lilac, ofiira kapena ofiira okhala ndi imvi. | 6-7 masentimita awiri, chowunga, chofiira. Peel ndiyosalala, thupi limawonekera ndi mbewu zakuda. |
Kusamalira Passiflora Kunyumba
Kuti maluwa osatha achikulire azitha kukula ndi kusangalala ndi maluwa ake apadera, ayenera kuonetsetsa chisamaliro choyenera.
| Choyimira | Kasupe / chilimwe | Kugwa / yozizira |
| Malo / Kuwala | Kuyika chakumwera kapena chakumadzulo kwa chipindacho, kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ikhoza kutengedwa kupita kumweya watsopano nyengo yotentha. | Pewani kukonzekera komanso mpweya wouma kwambiri. M'pofunikanso kutalikitsa maola masana mothandizidwa ndi phytolamp kapena luminescence. |
| Kutentha | Sungani mkati mwa + 22 ... +25 ° C. Kuchuluka kwake ndi +30 ° C, koma pamtengo uwu ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa chinyezi choyenera. | Ndikofunikira kusunthira kumtunda wabwino ndi zizindikiro za + 10 ... +14 ° C, pamtengo wotsika umafa. |
| Chinyezi | Pafupifupi 70%. Utsi wamalonda kwambiri masiku onse atatu, popewa kulumikizana ndi maluwa. | Ndi kuchepa kwa matenthedwe, tsitsani chinyezi moyenerera kupatula kuthekera kwa matenda kapena kuwola. |
| Kuthirira | Wokhazikika koma wapafupipafupi. Onetsetsani kuti dothi silikuuma mpaka kumapeto, ndipo dongo lomakuliralo linali lonyowa mokwanira. | Chepetsani nthawi imodzi m'masiku 10. Makamaka chomera sichisokoneza. |
| Feteleza | Gwiritsani ntchito kuvala zovala zapamwamba pamiyezi iwiri iliyonse. Zophatikiza michere ndi michere yozikidwa pa moss, singano, peat ndi utuchi ndizoyenera. | Sinthani machulukitsidwe a dothi, koma popanda chifukwa chosafunikira musakhale ndi manyowa. |
Kukula Passiflora mu Malo Opanda
Passiflora ikhozanso kukhala wamkulu pamalowo, ngati pali zofunika kuchita.
| Choyimira | Kasupe / chilimwe | Kugwa / yozizira |
| Malo / Kuwala | Kukulani pamalo opezeka ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, sikuyenera kukhala ma canopies pamwamba. Yabwino kwambiri kumwera kumunda. | Potsitsa kutentha mpaka +15 ndi pansi, mubweretsere chidebe ndi chomera m'chipinda chozizira (+ 10 ... +16 ° C), apo ayi chisanu chizidzawononga mphukira. Blue Passiflora imatha kusiyidwa kuti ikhale yozizira panthaka, imakhala ndi mizu yakuya komanso yolimba kuti ipirire kuzizira. |
| Kutentha | Epulo-Okutobala ndizoyenereradi kulima kwakunja, ngati kuli nyengo yoipa ndi kuzizira kwadzidzidzi, muyenera kusunthira duwa kuchipinda chofunda. | + 10 ... +16 ° ะก, ngati itakwezedwa, chomera chimataya masamba onse ndipo sichimaphuka. |
| Chinyezi | Pukuta tsiku lililonse, chotsani madontho ngati agwirizana ndi maluwa. Pakuuma, phatikizani kawiri. | Iyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti othandizira safa. Mpweya suyenera kukhala wouma. |
| Kuthirira | Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, makamaka kuyang'anira bwino masiku otentha. Nthawi ndi nthawi kuyambira nthawi yomwe kuphukira kwatsopano kumawonekera (koyambirira kwamasika) mpaka nthawi yophukira. | Osapitirira nthawi 1 pa sabata, apo ayi mbewuyo imawola ndi kufa. |
| Feteleza | Mineral wamba kapena organic, kuti apereke kuvala kwapamwamba panthaka ndi mapiritsi a peat, phulusa kapena mchenga. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa zosaposa 5 nthawi yazaka. | Osagwiritsa ntchito. |
Kupatsira Passiflora
Phukusi lakale limamuika kamodzi pachaka 3-4, mphika ukakhala wocheperako.
- Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera gawo lapansi la pepala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, peat, mchenga, phulusa.
- Kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu masentimita 2-3 kuposa am'mbuyomu, kuti mizu ya mbewuyo ikhale yomasuka.
- Pangani mabowo okumbira pansi pa mphika ndikuyika polystyrene, dongo lokhathamira kapena mazira.
- Patulani mpira wapadziko lapansi ndi chimbudzi chakale ndi mpeni wachilombo ndipo ikani chatsopano.
- Onjezani dothi ndi madzi mosamala.
Njira zolerera za Passfilora
Passionflower imafalitsidwa kudzera njira ziwiri: ndi njere ndi zipatso.
Kudula kumachitika bwino kwambiri mchaka.
- Konzani zotengera zokhala ndi ngalande ndi gawo lapansi pokhazikika pa peat, singano ndi mchenga.
- Gawani mphukira ndi masamba atatu athanzi ndi lumo.
- Chitani mawebusayiti odula ndi zinyalala kapena sinamoni.
- Ikani zodula m'mbale okonzedwa.
- Pangani malo okhala obiriwira: chivundikiro ndi thumba kapena filimu, mpweya wabwino, malo pambali padzuwa, sungani kutentha ndi chinyezi.
- Zikamera zikangokhala ndi mizu yolimba, zimafunikira kuziika m'miphika yokhazikika.
Mwa kufesa, kufalitsa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Njira iyi ndiyabwino kuchitika m'chilimwe.
- Choyamba muyenera kuwononga chipolopolo chakunja cha mbewu pochikanda papepala labwino.
- Ikani madzi tsiku limodzi.
- Konzani nthaka yabwino ndi peat ndikufalitsa mbewuzo pachidebe chimodzi.
- Kanikizani, koma osawaika m'munsi mozama ndi 0.5 cm.
- Pangani kutentha kwa malo obiriwira: chivundikiro ndi thumba kapena filimu, mpweya wabwino, malo pambali padzuwa, sungani kutentha bwino (+22 ° C) ndi chinyezi.
- Pakadutsa nthawi yayitali (mpaka chaka 1), mphukira yoyamba imawonekera, ndiye kuti cholingacho chikuyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo duwa lolimbira liyenera kuikidwa kukhala chidebe cha munthu.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi mavuto omwe angakhalepo Passfilors
| Zizindikiro Mawonekedwe a masamba | Zifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
| Muzu ndi zimayambira zokutidwa ndi zokutira zakuda. Wuma, kwatha. | Bakiteriya zowola. | Dulani malo omwe muli ndi matendawa nthawi yomweyo, ndikupukuta ndi njira zothetsera sosi, ndikuthira dothi. |
| Zouma zimatha. | Mpweya wouma, osasamba. | Onjezani chinyezi komanso chinyezi. |
| Mphukira zazing'ono zofooka. Odwala | Chikhalidwe chakuchepa, kuunikira kowoneka bwino. | Ikani duwa pathanthwe lodzaza, gwiritsani ntchito phytolamp. |
| Pesi umakhala ndi mikwaso ya bulauni. | Matenda a ma virus. | Chotsani mbewuyo pamalowo, apo ayi matendawa amakhudza maluwa ena. Sitha kuthandizidwa. |
| Mphukira ndi mphukira zimafa, mawonekedwe azikhalidwe amawonekera. | Chotchinga. | Zopanga kwambiri ndi Bi 58 kapena yankho la sopo. |
| Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri, masamba otakataka, phesi. | Ma nsabwe. | Yankho la ndimu zest, Actofit. |
| Wonda tsamba lonse. | Spider mite. | Sinthani kuthirira pafupipafupi, Neoron, Fitoverm. |
| Mitsempha yoyera, phesi limapezeka, likufa. | Zopatsa. | Fitoverm, Aktara, Mospilan, Actellik kapena Kalipso. |
