Blackcurrant: mbiri yaulimi ndi magawo a ukadaulo wazikhalidwe pazikhalidwe

Ndizosangalatsa bwanji nthawi yotentha ndikusangalala ndi zipatso zotsekemera zonunkhira zakuda zakuda! Zovala za nthawi yozizira zimangokhala zokoma komanso zosiyanasiyana. Miphika ndi timbale timakonzedwa kuchokera ku zipatso, zipatso zophatikizika ndi timadziti timaphika, timatha kuwuma ndikuwuma. Currant siili yokoma chabe, ndiyothandiza kwambiri, ili ndi kuchuluka kwa champion a ascorbic acid. Zipatso makumi atatu zadyedwa zimakwaniritsa kufunikira kwa thupi lathu tsiku lililonse kwa vitamini C. Macro ndi ma microelements, mavitamini ambiri ndi ma asidi omwe amafunikira thupi lathu, amapezeka mu zipatso za currant.

Momwe chitsamba chakuda chimamera

Blackcurrant ndi chitsamba cha banja la jamu. Zofunikira zake:

• kutalika kwa chitsamba - 1-2 m;

  

  Chitsamba cha Blackcurrant chili ndi kutalika pang'ono kuposa mita kutalika

• mizu imakhala ndi mizu ya fibrous yomwe ili pamtunda wa pafupifupi 30 cm;
• mphukira za currant zimakhala zoyambirira komanso zowirira, kenako kukhala ndi bulauni;
• m'mphepete mwa masamba muli ndi mawonekedwe. Kutalika ndi kutalika kwa pepalali ndi 3-12 cm, mawonekedwewo ndi opingasa, mbali yakumapeto kwa pepalalo ndi yayitali. Mitsempha yagolide imakhala m'mphepete mwa masamba, omwe amachokera kununkhira wodziwika bwino;
  

  Currant imachokeranso kutalika kwa 3-5 cm, m'lifupi, ndi m'mphepete mwa seva, itatu-isanu yodzaza ndi tiziwalo ta golide m'mitsempha

• maluwa amatuluka m'mwezi watha wamasika kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndi inflorescence ya maluwa angapo (mpaka 10) a maluwa a lilac, amtundu wamtambo wamaluwa;
  

  Maluwa a currant - belu wooneka ngati belu, lilac kapena pinki

• Peel ya zipatso zakupsa ndi mtundu wamtambo-wakuda. Kukula kwa zipatsozo kuli mpaka 1 cm.

  

  Zipatso za currant yakuda ndi m'mimba mwake mpaka 1 cm zimakhala ndi khungu lakuda

Mbiri yakulima

Ma currant akhala akukulira ku mayiko athu kwazaka zambiri. Poyamba, ichi ndi chitsamba chamtchire, chofala kwambiri nyengo kapena nyengo yozizira. Mpaka pano, ku Caucasus, Siberia, makamaka Kum'mawa, ku Europe kwa Russia kuli nkhalango za mitengo yakuda. Amakhulupirira kuti dzina loyambirira la Mtsinje wa Moscow - Smorodinovka, adamupatsa chifukwa chamitengo ya chitsamba ichi m'mphepete mwa magombe. Ndipo dzina "currant" lidachokera ku Russia kwenikweni: "kutemberera" - "kutulutsa fungo lamphamvu."

Dzina lovomerezeka la currant ndi Rrib. M'zaka za VIII, Aluya omwe adagonjetsa Spain sanapeze chomera chawo chomwe anali kukonda - rhubarb, Popanda chakudyacho sichidawoneka ngati chabwino. Rhubarb idasinthidwa ndi mabulosi ofiira omwe adakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa wowawasa (wofiira currant), omwe adayamba kutcha, ngati rhubarb - nthiti.

Ku Russia Yakale (pafupifupi m'zaka za zana la XI), ma currant adayamba kusinthidwa kuchokera ku nkhalango kupita ku minda yachifumu ndi nyumba za amonke, kuti asiyanitse zakudya zake ndi zipatso.

Ma currants adalimidwa m'mnyumba zonse za amonke ndipo amadyedwa ndi amonke kuti adye, komanso mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, dzina lina lodziwika bwino la curators ndiye mabulosi amonke.

Kulima kwa ma currants adayamba ku France ngati chomera chamankhwala, ndipo zokonda zidaperekedwa kwa ofunikira ofiira, ndipo pokhapokha adapatsidwa chidwi ndi zakuda. Ma currants amadziunjikira kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa michere dzuwa kapena nyengo yotentha.

Zipatso zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pake. Currant akadali malonda ku Europe, pamalo abwino a North America, mabulosi sakhala ambiri.

Magawo a ukadaulo waulimi wakuda currant

Magawo akulu aukadaulo waulimi wakuda currant ndiwokhazikika:

1. Tikufika
2. Kusamalira mbewu.
3. Kuyang'anira tizilombo.
4. Kututa.

Kubzala kwa currant

Kubzala blackcurrant kutha kuchitika ndi mbande ndi kudula.

Kukonzekera mbande

Mukamasankha mmera, ndikofunikira kuti muzitchera khutu za momwe mizu ikuyambira. Iyenera kukhala yamphamvu, yathanzi komanso yonyowa. Saplings mosavuta kulekerera pang'ono overxposed pamaso kubzala (mwezi popanda kusiya khalidwe).

1. Mbande zakonzedwa ziyenera kukaikidwa m'malo otetezedwa.
2. Ndikwabwino kukonzekera dzenje la prikop ndi mtunda wakummwera (m'mphepete chakum'mawa kwa dzenjelo ndi malo ozungulira, ndipo kum'mwera pamalo a 45 °), ayenera kukhala osaya (50 cm), okwera.
   

   Khoma lakumwera kwa dzenje la ngalande limapendekeka

3. Mmera mu dzenje umayikidwa pakona, osati mizu yokha, komanso gawo la mphukira yokutidwa ndi nthaka.
4. Kutsirira kukuchitika.

Kukonzekera ndi kuzika mizu kwa odulidwa

Kufalikira ndi kudulidwa ndiyo njira yosavuta yoswana yoberekera. Kubala kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira.

1. Kwa odulidwa, mphukira imasankhidwa kukhala yocheperako kuposa 5mm mulifupi.
2. Gawo la apical siligwiritsidwa ntchito. Zina zimagawidwanso mu zodula za 15 cm.
   

   Mphukira zosankhidwa zimagawidwa kudula 15 cm

3. Kudula kwapamwamba kwa dzanja kuyenera kukhala kowongoka, komwe kuli mtunda wa 1.5 masentimita pamwamba pa impso, ndipo pansi pake muyenera kukhala oblique ndikuyika pansi pa impso.
4. Zidula zobzalidwa m'nthaka yokonzedwa. Anabzala mosasiyidwa m'mizere yotalikirana pakati pa mbeu 15 masentimita motsatana ndi 40 cm pakati pa mizere.
5. Kutulutsa kuthirira.
6. Ngati mungasamalire mbeu m'chilimwe (madzi, chakudya, kumasula dothi, chotsani namsongole), pofika nthawi yophukira mudzapeza tchire lalitali la currant yakuda, yomwe ikhoza kuikidwa kwamuyaya.

Nthawi yayitali

Nthawi yabwino yobzala currants ndi Seputembala - Okutobala, kuti mbewuyo ikhale ndi nthawi yokwanira kuzika mizu. Chapakatikati, ndibwino kubzala mbeu isanayambike.

Kusankhidwa kwa tsamba

Mukamasankha malo obzala ma curators akuda, amawongoleredwa ndi izi:

• chitsamba chimamera bwino pawiri komanso m'mizere pakati pa mitengo yazipatso;
• blackcurrant imalekerera pang'ono kutetemera;
• Madambo okhala ndi mitsinje yamadzi, komanso malo otseguka ayenera kupewedwa;
• kumpoto ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kuli bwino mmera.

Kukonza dothi ndikubzala mbande

Kuti mubzale bwino la blackcurrant, muyenera:

1. Kumbani dothi mpaka pakuzama kwa fosholo yoyambira, chotsani mizu ya namsongole wosatha, ndikuchulukitsa nthaka.
   

   Kuchepetsa kumachitika musanabzalidwe panthaka yokhala ndi acidity yayikulu

2. Kumbani mabowo (50x50x50 cm) mtunda wa pafupifupi 1.5 mita kuchokera pamtunda wina ndi 2-2,5 mamita pakati pamizere.
3. Dzazani dothi lambiri ndikubowola dothi, manyowa owola (theka la ndowa) ndi phulusa (galasi 1).
4. Ikani mmera pakadutsa madigiri 45, kutsanulira, kuphimba ndi dothi ndi mulch.
   

   Mmera umayikidwa pakona pa 45 °
5. Chepetsa pamwamba pa mphukira.
   

   Mutabzala, mmera uyenera kudulidwa

Kusamalira mbewu

Chisamaliro cha Blackcurrant ndichizolondola: kuchotsa udzu, kulima madera pafupi-thunthu, kuthirira ndi kuvala kwapamwamba. Nthawi zisanu mpaka sikisi nthawi yachilimwe, nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi tsinde imayenera kumasulidwa. Kulima koyenera kuyenera kuchitika mu nthawi ya masika ndikututa. Kutsirira kumachitika ndi mvula yosakwanira nyengo yakula, masabata awiri musanakolole ndipo masabata awiri kapena atatu mutakolola zipatso. Mu nthawi yophukira, dothi pafupi ndi tchire amakumbidwa, zinthu zachilengedwe zimatsekedwa mumtengo wozungulira. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumachitika kangapo nthawi yachilimwe pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, ammonium nitrate, phulusa lamatabwa ndi superphosphate.

Mbali yosamalira tchire lakuda ndikudulira (mwaukhondo ndi kupanga). Popanda iwo, simungathe kukolola zabwino za curators. Kudulira mwaukhondo kumachotsa nthambi zakale, zouma, zodwala. Kupanga kudulira kumakupatsani mwayi kupanga chitsamba chokhala ndi maziko ambiri. Kuyambira chaka choyamba, kuwonda kumafalikira pakati pa chitsamba ndikusiyira am'mphepete mwamphamvu.

Ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambi zonse zachikulire ndi zaka 5-6 chifukwa chachuma chochepa. Kufupikitsa nsonga za mphukira zapachaka kumapereka zotsatira zabwino: iwo amatulutsa mwamphamvu, kuchuluka kwa maluwa kumawonjezeka.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Tchire lopindika limapirira nyengo yozizira bwino, kusintha kwa kutentha, vagaries ena nyengo. Koma zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chadzidzidzi ndi matenda omwe amakhala oopsa chifukwa cha kudyeka ndipo zimapangitsa kutsika kapena kufa kwa chomera.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: matenda akuluakulu a blackcurrant

Pali mitundu yoposa 70 ya tizilombo tomwe timayambitsa matenda.

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: tizirombo tating'ono ta blackcurrant

Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro zowonongeka, njira zochizira ndi kutaya. Popewa, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa chomera kuti mutulutse zotupa, kutentha masamba agwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuchotsa zitsamba zowonongeka pa nthawi yake, panthawi yake komanso molondola kuchepetsa chitsamba.

Kututa

Currant amayamba kubala zipatso kwa zaka 2-3 mutabzala. Kututa kumachitika pamene zipatso zimacha mu burashi, ndiye kuti, m'magawo angapo. Kukolola kumatha kukhala ngati zipatso kapena mabulashi athunthu. Komanso, mukakolola ndi maburashi, zipatsozo zimasungidwa bwino.

Kututa ma currants ndi bwino kumachita m'mizere momwe mumasungidwira. Mukathira zipatso zimakwinyika ndikusungidwa bwino.

Kanema: Oktyabrina Ganichkina pazinsinsi zokolola zabwino za currant yakuda

Kufalitsa zakuda

Njira yofulumira komanso yodalirika yofalitsira blackcurrant ndi kudula.

Njira ina yosavuta yoberekera ma currants ndikufalitsa ndi masanjidwe. Pankhaniyi, muyenera:

1. Chapakatikati, kumbali ya chomera, sankhani nthambi yolimba yazaka ziwiri.
2. Ikani pakati pake mu dzenje lokonzedwa ndikuzama masentimita 10, kusiya gawo la nthambi pafupifupi 30 cm kumtunda.
   

   Pofalitsa poyala, sankhani nthambi yolimba yazaka ziwiri

3. M'nyengo yotentha, mizu yolimba imadzayamba kuyikika, mphukira zingapo zidzaoneka.
4. Pakutha, zigawo zitha kusamutsa kuchoka ku chitsamba ndi kumuika kumalo okhazikika.

Blackcurrant ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndikugawa chitsamba.

1. Chitsamba chimakumbidwa mosamala, kuti chisawononge mizu.
2. Dulani mbali zingapo.
   

   Pogawa tchire, ndikofunikira kuti tisawononge mizu

3. Nthambi zakale ndi zodwala zimachotsedwa, ndipo mphukira zazifupi zimafupikitsidwa.
4. Adabzala m'miphika yophika ndikuthilira madzi ambiri.
5. Chomera choterocho chimabala zipatso pachaka.

Sitampu Yotsatsira

Mtundu wa tsinde la blackcurrant ukuyamba kutchuka kwambiri ndi wamaluwa wamankhwala. Sikugwiritsidwa ntchito pongofuna kukolola, komanso kukongoletsa kanyumba ka chilimwe.

Sitampu ndi gawo la thunthu lamtengo kuyambira muzu mpaka korona.

Mtanthauzira wawkulu wofotokozera wa Chirasha

Ubwino wakukula kwa muyezo:

• zokolola za currant ndizosavuta kukolola, popeza chisoti chonse chomera chiri pamaso;
• Nthambizo zili motalikirana kwambiri ndi nthaka, chifukwa chake chomera sichitha kugwidwa ndi matenda komanso kuukira ndi tizirombo tambiri nthawi yozizira;
  

  Kulima masitampu kuli ndi zabwino zambiri, kuphatikiza kosavuta kukolola ndi kusamalira mbewu, komanso kuteteza tizirombo bwino

• mphukira sizimasokoneza kulima dothi mozungulira bwalo;
• Zomera monga anyezi, adyo, ndi wort wa St. Ali ndi katundu wa phytoncidal, amatha kuthana ndi tizirombo.

Chuma chomera:

• mmera umafunika chisamaliro chochulukirapo;
• standard currant imatha kuvutika ndi mphepo yamphamvu, chifukwa idzakhala yokwera kwambiri kuposa chitsamba wamba;
• mmera umakhala pachiwopsezo cha kuzizira kwa masika komanso chisanu

Njira zopezera mbewu pa tsinde:

1. Katemera pa wakale. Katundu woyenera wa blackcurrant akhoza kukhala golide currant. Njirayi imalola kuti mbewu zambiri zizikhala zomveka ndipo sizifunika mtengo waukulu.
2. Mapangidwe a chomera mumtengo umodzi.

Zotsatira zoyesayesa kupanga mawonekedwe ovomerezeka a currant adzakhala mtengo womwe ungapatse tsamba lanu mawonekedwe osazolowereka

Kapangidwe kake ka mtundu wa blackcurrant mu thunthu limodzi ndi motere:

1. Mu Ogasiti, mphukira yachilimwe yotentha imabzalidwa pamalo osatha ndikutsina pamwamba pake.
2. Chaka chamawa muyenera kutsina nsonga za mphukira zonse zomwe zimawonekera kwambiri.
3. Onetsetsani kuti mukuchotsa masamba, njira zoyambira ndi mphukira pansipa ya tsinde.
4. M'chaka chachitatu, nsonga za nthambi iliyonse yokhwima zimasulidwa ndipo mphukira imachotsedwanso.
   

   Kapangidwe ka mtundu wanthawi zonse wakuda ndi wofiira currants ndi omwewo

5. Kuphatikiza pa kutsina mabatani, mchaka chachinayi ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambi zakale.
6. Njira yodulira nsuzi ndikuchotsa nthambi zakale iyenera kubwerezedwa chaka chilichonse.

Chifukwa chake, m'malo mwa chitsamba wamba, mtengo wopindika udzapangidwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri, Blackcurrant wakhala mfumukazi ya minda. Ndipo izi sizinatsimikizidwe osati kuchuluka kwa chidwi chomwe chikufunika kuperekedwa ku chikhalidwe, koma ndi maubwino omwe analandiridwa. Tipitirizebe kutsatira miyamboyi ndikukhala ndi chidwi chakuyandikira kulima ngale yakuda yaminda yathu!