Sparaxis ndi chomera chachikale chochokera ku South Africa, chitha kudzaza mundawo ndi chipwirikiti chowala cha mitundu yoyambirira kale chilimwe. Duwa lililonse limaphatikiza mithunzi yosiyanasiyana, ngati utawaleza.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Sparaxis wamtundu ndi wa banja la iris. Chomera chomera ichi chimakhala ndi mizu yazomera. Thupi lamtundu wamtambo limafikira mpaka 1 m kumtunda pamwamba pomwe limanyamula inflorescence yooneka ngati nthongo. Potentha, nthawi zambiri safika pamtunda wamtunda wotalika masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Masamba a Lanceolate ndi okwera kwambiri ndipo amafanana ndi nthiti zowoneka bwino. Masamba ake ndiobiriwira, sinewy, pubescent.
M'mwezi wa Meyi-June, maluwa owala amasimba. Amakhala ndi kusiyanasiyana kwachikaso, kofiirira, burgundy ndi mitundu ina ndi miyala yowala. Pali mbewu zokhala ndi pinki, zofiira, zoyera, zofiirira, burgundy ndi zina zamtundu wa petals. Mitundu ina, kuphatikiza utoto wowonekera, imakhala ndi mitsempha yamdima yakuda. Kutengera mtundu wa duwa, ili ndi mawonekedwe otseguka bwino kapena mawonekedwe.
Pakatikati pakatikati pa maluwa pamakhala mitunda isanu ndi umodzi ndipo masentimita 5. Pakatikati pake pali masitepe atatu opindika koma atatu. Chubu chake limatuluka kwambiri pamwamba pa duwa.
Mitundu yotchuka
Mitundu ya sparaxis siyosiyana kwambiri, asayansi amasiyanitsa mitundu 6 yokha ndi mitundu 20 yamitundu. M'dziko lathu, ndi ena okha omwe amalimidwa, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha nyengo yomwe ikulowera.
Sparaxis tricolorIye ndi tricolor (tricolor). Masamba omwe amakhala ndi masamba ndi xiphoid amatalika masentimita 40-50. Mawonekedwe ofiira, ofiira, achikaso kapena oyera oyera mu inflorescence. Pakatikati pawo pamakhala kuwala, kamvekedwe ka matayala ndi mitundu yayikulu ya miyala. Mphete yakuda ya bulauni kapena yakuda imawoneka pakati pakatikati ndi m'mphepete mwa miyala. Pazakuchitikazi, nyamazo zidatchedwa dzina, chifukwa pa maluwa aliwonse pamakhala mitundu itatu yosiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi. Kusintha pakati pawo ndikumveka, osati kosalala. Kutengera mtunduwu, mitundu yotsatirayi imachokera:
- mbuye wa moto - miyala yofiirira yokhala ndi pakati wakuda;
- agogo - mitundu yayitali kwambiri yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amdima komanso inflorescence yowala, yoyera, yofiirira, ya lilac, chikasu, ili ndi fungo lamphamvu;
- osakaniza - pa masamba olimba mpaka 15 cm, ofiira, achikasu ndi oyera maluwa;
- bilbiferi - inflorescence yayitali imakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa oyera-oyera kapena achikasu;
- mikwingwirima - Mitundu ya utoto wowala wa lalanje imawoneka ngati yonyezimira ndi malawi ndikuyanasiyana pakati pakatikati;
- wachisomo - chomera chaching'ono, chotalika 10-15 masentimita, chokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa achikasu ndi lalanje.
Sparaxis Superba zimasiyanasiyana kukula kochepa. Duwa lakale limafikira masentimita 25 mpaka 35. Mu inflorescence yooneka ngati nthangala, pamakhala masamba 5 ngati nyenyezi. Kukula kwa masamba otseguka sikupita masentimita 5. Mitundu yoyera, lalanje, yofiirira ndi yachikasu imasiyana ndi chikasu kapena chakuda.
Kodi kukula sparaxis ku mbewu?
Sparaxis ndi chomera chofunikira kwambiri chokwanira kuti chikule kumafunikira luso lazamalimi ndi dexterity. Mbande zimamera m'mabasiketi akuya komanso dothi labwino. Mbewuyo imakonda nyengo yotentha ndi yonyowa, choncho mbewu zimasungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena malo oyandikira.
Mbewu zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndikuya kuya kwa 5-10 mm ndikufundidwa ndi filimu mpaka mbande zoyambirira zitatuluka. Zomera zing'onozing'ono zimadulidwamo kuti zizikhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 2. Mbande zimathiridwa madzi nthawi zonse ndikuisunga pamalo opepuka. Zikafika pamtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 6-8, mbande zitha kuziika pansi panthaka. Chomera chimakonda kwambiri kuzizira, ndikofunikira kuti ngozi ya chisanu ipitilire.
Pamalo okhazikika pakati pa maluwawo pazikhala mtunda wa 15cm (mutakula pansi pa kagawo) kapena masentimita 45 (mukamakongoletsa mundawo). M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, maluwa nthawi zambiri sayembekezeka, chomera chimamera ndikukula.
Kubzala mababu a sparaxis
Mukugwa, maluwa atatha, mababu amakula ndipo amagawika zidutswa zingapo. Kuti muchite izi, amakumba ndi kusanja mosamala, kuti asawononge mizu. Ziphuphu zimasungidwa mpaka kuphukira kuchipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pafupifupi + 9 ° C. Kuti akhale opindulitsa, amazunguliridwa ndi utuchi, koma amapereka mpweya. Kotero mbewuyo imasungira kumera mpaka zaka zitatu.
Asanabzalidwe m'nthaka, mababu pamodzi ndi utuchi amasinthidwa kuchipinda chofunda, komwe kutentha + 25 ° C. Kubzala kutha kuchitika m'miphika kapena nthawi yomweyo potseguka. Kuti muchite izi, konzani gawo lapansi lopepuka ndi ngalande zabwino. Mafuta okhala ndi mchenga wowonjezereka ndi feteleza wachilengedwe amakonda. M'mundamo muyenera kusankha malo abwino-otetezedwa ku malo ozizira amphepo.
M'malo otentha, mababu amabzalidwa panthaka zosaposerapo March. Mu nthawi yophukira, mutha kudzala m'mundawo kum'mwera. Mababu amazikika mu dothi ndi 10 cm ndi mtunda wa 15 cm pakati pa mbande. Zomera zobzala zimaphukira kumayambiriro kwa Meyi ndikusunga maluwa mpaka pakati pa Julayi. Ndi masika masika, maluwa ayambira pakati pa chilimwe.
Zosamalidwa
Sparaxis ndi chomera chofatsa chomwe chimalekerera chisanu. Chifukwa chake, nyengo yotentha, mababu amakumbidwa mu kugwa ndikusungidwa youma pa utuchi kapena peat mpaka masika. M'nyengo yotentha amabzalanso m'nthaka.
Chomera chimakonda kuthirira nthawi zonse, koma popanda kusayenda kwamadzi, apo ayi mizu imatha kuvunda. Potentha kwambiri, mphukira pansi iyenera kuwaza ndi madzi ofunda, koma izi ziyenera kuchitika m'mawa kwambiri kapena pakuwala kwa dzuwa kuti madontho a madzi asatenthe.
Kuti pakhale maluwa ambiri, masika ozizira ndi amvula amafunika. Mutha kupanga malo oyenera pogwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira.
Kukula kwa inflorescence ndi masamba kumachotsedwa, ndiye kuti mphukira zatsopano zimakhazikika m'malo mwake. Mwezi uliwonse, mbewu zimaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere wambiri mpaka 20 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi.
Mu Ogasiti kapena Seputembu, maluwa atayamba kuzimiririka, mbewuyo imayamba kukhala matalala. Imataya masamba ndipo imasowa padziko lapansi. Ndikofunika kuti musaiwale kuti tubers imangokhala pansi osawonongeka tikulima kapena kukumba.
Kukula sparaxis ngati chomera pakhomo ndizovuta. Ayenera kupereka zowunikira zabwino komanso chinyezi chachikulu, pomwe nthawi yozizira muzipinda zogona nthawi zambiri imakhala youma. Munda wamdima wozizira kapena wowonjezera kutentha ndi wabwino, pomwe mbewuyo ingasangalatse eni ake ndi maluwa ambiri kwa zaka zingapo.
Kukongoletsa kwamaluwa kopanda
Kuti sparaxis iwulule zonse zomwe zimakongoletsa, ndikofunikira kuti ibzale m'malo akuluakulu. Maluwa amodzi amatha kutayika m'mundamo, koma malo okongola amitundu-mitundu amakulolani kupanga mawonekedwe osangalatsa kuchokera ku sparaxis.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kumapeto kwa chilimwe kudzazirala ndipo mufunika kudzaza zopanda kanthu ndi mbewu zina. Amazindikira bwino pafupi ndi thyme, phlox, tigridia, stonecrop. Zimaphatikiza bwino ndi udzu wa udzu ndi zomera zobiriwira. Poterepa, zotsatira za udzu wachilengedwe zimapangidwa.
Mitundu yaying'ono ndiyoyenera kubzala m'miphika kuti ikongoletse bwalo kapena khonde. Maluwa owala amabzalidwe m'minda yamwala kapena chokongoletsedwa ndi zitsamba zobiriwira ndi mitengo yazifupi.
