Zamoyo zonse zachilengedwe zimakula ndikukula ngati zimapeza chakudya chokwanira cha izi. Mu raspberries, monga chomera chilichonse, mizu yake imakula. Amaboweka dothi lotalika 30-50 masentimita ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka mita 1-2. Chitsamba cha rasipiberi chimatenga michere yonse yazaka izi muzaka 2 zoyambirira mutabzala. Kenako, chaka ndi chaka, popanda umuna, umayamba kufooka, ndipo zokolola zimachepa. Nthawi zambiri rasipiberi amapereka mphukira kutali ndi chitsamba cha mayi kuti azitha kukula m'dera lachonde. Chovala choyambirira cha masika ndichofunikira kwambiri pamene mphukira zimapeza mphamvu ndikukonzekera kuphukira.
Pa kufunika kudyetsa rasipiberi kasupe
Masika a mbewu ndi nthawi yoyambira kukula. Masamba otseguka, masamba ndi masamba achinyamata amawonekera. Kuyambira padziko lapansi mphukira za m'malo. Anthu ambiri amawachitira chipongwe, amachitcha mphukira, koma ndi kuti zipatso zimamera chaka chamawa, ndipo pankhani ya raspberry zam'mbuyo, nthawi yotentha komanso yophukira. Mwachilengedwe, zonse zimalumikizidwa: zokolola zamatchi zimangotengera mtundu wa mphukira. Mukakhala mwamphamvu, akamalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, maluwa ambiri adzaikidwa pa iwo, zipatso zambiri zimakhazikika ndikucha.
Popanda zakudya zabwino, chitsamba cha rasipiberi sichidzabala zipatso zambiri.
Kodi rasipiberi angatenge kuti mphamvu kuti akupange mphukira zamphamvu komanso zathanzi? Kwa zaka 2-3 mutabzala, adatha feteleza zonse zomwe mudazibowola mu dzenje kapena dzenje. Tsopano tchire limangopopera madzi okha ndi zinyalala zomvetsa chisoni za padziko lapansi, zomwe mwangozi zinagwa. Itha kukhala osadetsedwa ndi masamba owola, namsongole, etc. Koma izi sizokwanira!
Rasipoti amayenera kudyetsedwa masika. Feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi kuvala kwapamwamba ndizofunikira pakadali pano. Ndi nitrogen yomwe imathandizira kukwaniritsa ntchito yayikulu kumayambiriro kwa nyengo iliyonse yatsopano - kuwonjezeka kwabwino kwa unyinji wobiriwira. Zachidziwikire, ma macro- ena ndi ma microelement ena amafunikiranso, koma pakadali ang'ono. Adzapambana pakuvala kwamalimwe, nthawi yamaluwa ndi maluwa, komanso nthawi yophukira, pokonzekera nyengo yachisanu.
Kuti mupange rasipiberi wokutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira, muyenera kuwonjezera kavalidwe apamwamba ka nayitrogeni
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni top chikats
Nitrogen ndiyofunikira kwambiri, komanso chinthu chobisalira: imatha kudzikundikira mumitengo ndi zipatso zake, zomwe zimatsogolera ku fatliquoring ya mphukira. Ngati rasipiberi wabaliridwa, ndiye kuti mphukira zimakula kwambiri, zophimbidwa ndi masamba akulu komanso masamba akulu, koma mwina sizikutuluka konse kapena kupereka mabulosi ochepa. Chifukwa chake, mavalidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni ayenera kuperekedwa kamodzi kokha, osapitilira muyeso. Nthawi ya kugwiritsa ntchito kwake imakulitsidwa: kuyambira pomwe chipale chimasungunuka mpaka masamba atatseguka kwathunthu. Pakati mseu - uwu ndi Epulo ndi Meyi onse.
Kanema: Kusamalira rasipiberi koyambirira kwamasika
Panthaka yopanda dothi komanso yamchenga, mbewu zimakula kwambiri, kotero mutha kupanga feteleza awiri asafe ndi masabata awiri. Yambirani mkhalidwe wa rasipiberi. Ngati kudya koyamba kumatha kukula, masamba ali obiriwira komanso odzaza, mphukira zimakhala zolimba, ndiye kuti simufunikanso kudyetsa zina.
Pali malingaliro: onjezerani feteleza wa mineral pa chisanu chosungunuka. Amasungunuka mwachilengedwe ndikupita kumizu. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi pakakhala ma puddles pansi pa raspberries, matalala amakhalabe zilumba zazing'ono. Ngati dziko lonse lidakutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, ndipo mumakonkha feteleza pamwamba pake, ndiye kuti mphetezo zimasungunuka pazosunthika zapamwamba, koma chakudya sichingadutse kuzizilira mu chipale chofewa komanso ayezi. Chinyezi chitha kutuluka, nayitrogeni womasulidwa mumipweya amapukutira. Ntchito zako zidzakhala zopanda ntchito, raspberries adzasiyidwa wopanda chakudya.
Chovala choyamba chitha kuchitidwa pa chisanu chosungunuka, koma sikuti wolima dimba aliyense azitha kufika pamalo ake nthawi ino
Ndi bwino kudyetsa, nthaka ikauma, rasipiberi amawuka ndikuyamba kutulutsa masamba. Mizu pa nthawi ino amagwira kale chinyezi ndipo amatha kuyamwa feteleza. Ngati muli ndi rasipiberi wokonza, ndipo mwasoka mphukira zonse mu kugwa, kenako manyowa nthaka ikawuma ndikuuma. Mutha kuthira manyowa pambuyo pake - masamba asanawonekere, koma posachedwa mukadyetsa, rasipiberi ambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuchitapo kanthu.
Feteleza wa masika wa raspiberi
Pali feteleza wambiri yemwe amakhala ndi nayitrogeni, koma amatha kuphatikizidwa m'magulu atatu: mchere, organic, ndi organomineral. Muyenera kusankha chinthu chimodzi chotsika mtengo komanso chovomerezeka kwa inu, osatsanulira ndikutsanulira pansi pazipatso zonse zomwe mungapeze kapena kukulangizani. Kumbukirani lamulo lalikulu: ndibwino kuti muchepetse kunenepa kuposa kuzingidwa. Kuchulukana kwa feteleza, mchere wambiri ukadzaza padziko lapansi, amatha kuwotcha mizu, masamba ayamba kupukuta ndi kuwonongeka. Ndipo rasipiberiyu ndi wopanda ntchito.
Kudyetsa rasipiberi ndi feteleza wa mchere
Feteleza kwambiri okhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi urea (urea) ndi ammonium nitrate. Palinso nitroammophosk; ili ndi ma macronutrients atatu ofanana chimodzimodzi nthawi imodzi: nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Ngati mukupanga, ndiye kuti mlingo wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu muzilimwe ndi kuvala zovala zapamwamba kwambiri ziyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Urea kapena urea - feteleza wambiri wa nayitrogeni wokhala ndi dzina lokumbukira bwino
Mitundu yothira feteleza wa nayitrogeni pa 1 m²:
- urea (urea) - 15-20 g;
- ammonium nitrate - 10-15 g;
- nitroammophosk - 20-30 g.
Supuni imodzi yopanda pamwamba ili ndi feteleza pafupifupi 10 g wa feteleza. Muyenera kusankha imodzi yokha mwa feteleza atatuwa.
Pa intaneti mutha kupeza zolemba zochulukirapo za feteleza wa mchere ndi malangizo. Mawerengero a ntchito mu iliyonse ndiosiyana: kuyambira 7 mpaka 70 g / m². Sindikudziwa momwe izi zikufotokozedwera. Nayi milingo ya mabulosi mbewu zomwe zikusonyezedwa pamaphukusi a feteleza omwe ndagula. Mwina opanga akusintha mapangidwe, ndipo urea, wopangidwa, mwachitsanzo, ku Moscow, ndi wosiyana ndi omwe adagulitsa ndiku Krasnoyarsk. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti mwatsata malangizowo, osati pa intaneti. Pankhani ya kavalidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Manyowa molingana ndi malangizo ake
Feteleza Wachilengedwe pamtunda wonyowa. Finyani wogawana ndi kumasula mpaka 5cm kuti ma granules asakanikane ndi dothi. Ngati nthaka yauma, ndiye mutatha kuvala pamwamba, onetsetsani kuti mumathira rasipiberi. Ma granles owuma sayenera kulumikizana ndi mizu. Njira yabwino ndiyothira feteleza mvula isanabwere kapena kuti mavalidwe apamwamba amadzimadzi:
- Sungunulani zida za feteleza zomwe zatchulidwa kale pamlingo 10 wamadzi;
- kufalitsa yankho ku 1 m²;
- kutsanulira madzi oyera pamwamba kuti nayitrogeni apite kumizu, osasuluka kuchoka pamwamba.
Kanema: Upangiri waluso pa maubwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere
Zakudya zachilengedwe za rasipiberi (zopanda chemistry)
Ngati simukukonda umagwirira, ndiye manyowa ndi organics. Umuna wa feteleza umaphatikizapo: kompositi, manyowa owola, kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, manyowa akavalo, ndowe za mbalame, udzu wa udzu kapena maukonde okha, komanso manyowa obiriwira. Ubwino wa organics muchibadwa chachilengedwe, limakupatsani mwayi wokukula raspberries popanda chemistry. Pali zotsika. Makamaka, sizingatheke kudziwa kuchuluka kwake. Ngakhale feteleza yemweyo, mwachitsanzo, kompositi yosiyanasiyana imasiyana mgulu la michere ndi kuponderezana kwawo. Zachilengedwe zimalemeretsa dziko lapansi ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous, ma microelements osiyanasiyana, koma koposa zonse mumakhala nitrogen momwemo. Ndi feteleza izi, komanso feteleza wa michere, rasipiberi amathanso kuzilala, zimapangitsa kuti fatliquoring ndikupsa mizu.
Kukhathamira kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni komwe kumayambitsa kutentha muzu, tchire limatha
Iyenso nthawi ina adawotcha tomato ake onse ndi zitosi za mbalame. Amasunga nkhuku, amatola zinyalala, amafalitsa monga ndimakonda, ndikuwatsanulira. Ndinaganiza: chabwino, ndivuto liti lomwe lingakhale lochokera kuzinthu zanga? Anaona kuvutikaku m'maola ochepa. Masamba pa tomato adasanduka chikasu, kenako ndikuwuma pamodzi ndi zimayambira. Kuyambira pamenepo, sindimakhulupirira malangizo omwe ali phukusili. Choyamba, ndimayesa kulowetsedwa pamsongole kapena chomera chimodzi. Ngati palibe yoyaka, ndimadyetsa.
Pali miyeso yomwe imayesedwa kwa nthawi yayitali yomwe wamaluwa amapanga pansi pa raspulosi ndikupeza bwino. Apanso muyenera kusankha feteleza m'modzi:
- Humus - manyowa atagona pamalowo kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kupitirira. Pakani chidebe 1 pa 1 m² ndikusakaniza ndi nthaka. Manyowa atsopano sakhala oyenera kuchita izi. M'nyengo yotentha, imayenda, ngakhale imatulutsa moto wambiri, imatha kuwotcha mizu, kuwonjezera apo, imakopa tizirombo tokhala m'nthaka, mwachitsanzo, chimbalangondo, mahatchi.
- Kulowetsedwa kwa manyowa kapena manyowa akavalo. Dzazani chidebe cha 1/3 ndi organic, onjezerani madzi pamwamba, chivundikiro, kuvalidwa nayonso mphamvu m'malo otentha. Tsegulani ndikuyambitsa tsiku ndi tsiku. Pambuyo masiku 5-7, patsani ma slurry ndi madzi 1:10 ndikutsanulira raspberries - 1 chidebe pa 1 m².
- Kulowetsedwa kwa ndowe za mbalame kumachitika, ngati woyamba, koma ndikuthira mafuta ochita kupsa. Mulingo wothirira ndi womwewo.
- Kulowetsedwa kwa namsongole kapena nettle. Tengani mbali zabwino za zomerazo, kuwaza, kudzaza thankiyo ndi zosaphika ndikudzaza madzi. Valani kupesa, kwezani apo ndi apo. Pambuyo masiku 7-10, phatikizani misa ndi madzi 1: 5 ndikutsanulira raspberries pamaziko awa: chidebe pa lalikulu mita.
- Siderata nthawi zambiri imatha kukupulumutsani ku zakudya. Bzalani nyemba mu kanjira mu April: lupine, clover, nandolo. Zomera izi zimatha kukopa nayitrogeni kumtunda kwa dothi, ndipo kuyambitsidwa kwa unyinji wawo wobiriwira m'nthaka imafanana ndi feteleza ndi humus kapena manyowa. Masamba atawonekera pa siderata, ndikutchetcha ndikudzigoneka m'mipata. Ayamba kuwola ndikulemeretsa dziko lapansi ndi feteleza wama micro- ndi micronutrient.
Kumbukiraninso lamulo limodzi: mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe aliwonse amadzimadzi, thirani pansi ndi madzi oyera. Muzimutsuka ndikusiya ngati yankho lafika.
Maphikidwe a mullein, ndowe za mahatchi ndi zinyalala zofunikira ndizoyenera zatsopano zomwe mwatola nkhuku kapena ng'ombe. Sungani feteleza (mahatchi humus, zitosi za mbalame zowuma, ndi zina) pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zasonyezedwa phukusi lawo.
Kanema: Chinsinsi cha feteleza "wobiriwira" (kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba)
Organomineral kudya raspberries
Izi zikuphatikiza magulu awiri a feteleza:
- Ogulitsa osakanizika opangidwa opangira zipatso za mabulosi: Gumi-Omi, Fertika, Pepala loyera ndi ena. Phunzirani mosamala mawonekedwe ake. Musaiwale kuti kasupe nayitrogeni amayenera kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, ndiye kuti, chizikhala mu ndende yayitali kuposa zinthu zina. Ndikofunika kugula feteleza wapadera wodziwika pa ma CD "Masamba" kapena "Kasupe". Nthawi zambiri masitolo amasakanikirana amakhala ndi humus (humus, kompositi) wothira feteleza wa mchere, wokhala ndi: nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu, magnesium, sulufule, boroni, mkuwa ndi zinthu zina zofunikira kwa raspberries.
- Maphikidwe anu, ndiye kuti, mutha kuwonjezera feteleza wazachilengedwe ndi mchere nthawi imodzi, koma muyenera kuchepetsa theka, mwachitsanzo: 10 g ya urea ndi theka chidebe cha humus pa 1 m² kapena kuchepetsa kulowetsedwa kwa mullein osati 10 koma 20 ndikuwonjezera yankho la 5-7 g la ammonium nitrate. Kuphatikiza kotere ndikofunikira pakakhala zochepa organic, koma mukufunanso kubweretsa umagwirira kochepa.
Nthawi zambiri opanga amawonetsera phukusi ndi feteleza nyengo yomwe lakonzedwera.
Tsamba rasipiberi
Mavalidwe apamwamba a Foliar ndi ambulansi ya raspberries. Zakudya zam'madzi zimayamwa masamba, palibe chifukwa chodikirira kuti zichotsedwe pansi ndikuzitumiza kuthengo ndi timadziti. Koma ndizosatheka kukhala ndi malire pazovala zapamwamba zokha, chifukwa zimachitika kwanuko. Maziko a mbewuyo ndi mizu yake ndipo imayambira, ndipo sichikhala ndi chakudya chokwanira pam masamba.
Zomwe zimafunika pakuvala masamba pamwamba:
- Wachedwa ndi kuthira muzu, tchire limawoneka lokhumudwa, likukula bwino, muyenera kuthandizira chomera mwachangu.
- Dziko lapansi ndi lokhazikika, kuwonjezera zovala zamadzimadzi pamwamba, zomwe zimangotanthauza kuwonjezera zinthu.
- Ma rasipiberi awononga mizu (matenda, tizirombo, tamasula mozama, kuchotsedwa koyenera kwa kuchuluka, ndi zina zambiri).
- Dothi lapansi ndilobowola kwambiri; palibe njira yothetsera michere yomwe imayenda kuchokera kumizu kapena pang'ono.
- Dothi ndi acidic, macro- ndi ma microelements amapanga mankhwala omwe raspberries sangathe kuyamwa.
Chovala chapamwamba cha Foliar ndi ambulansi ya raspberries, chakudya chimatumizidwa mwachangu masamba
Pakudya kopita, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito udzu wofotokozedwa kale, wothira ndi madzi 1: 5. Musanagwiritse ntchito, iyenera kusefedwa kuti sipulitsire kapena kuthirira kuti isasunthe. Mutha kuthira limodzi ndi yankho la feteleza wa mchere, koma pang'ono poyerekeza ndi kuvala mizu. Tengani ndowa:
- 1 tbsp. l urea kapena ammonium nitrate;
- 1-1.5 Art. l nitraamofoski.
Kukula kwa mayankho kumakhalanso kocheperako, kunyowetsa masamba onse bwino. Mukamagula feteleza, yang'anani zambiri mu malangizo: ndizotheka kuzigwiritsanso ntchito chifukwa chovala zovala zapamwamba. Zosakaniza zambiri zamakono zili ndi cholinga padziko lonse lapansi.
Kanema: Kodi mavalidwe abwino ndi otani, mungachite bwanji
Kuphatikiza apo, opanga amapanga mawonekedwe apadera a zinthu, zomwe zimatchedwa "mavitamini" pazomera, mankhwala othandizira kupanikizika kapena zolimbikitsa kukula (Epin, Novosil, Energen, etc.). Komabe, zilibe nayitrogeni ndipo sizingathe kudyetsa rasipiberi. Zomera zophukira zimatha kuthandizira mbewu mozunzika kwambiri (chisanu, chilala, kutentha kosiyana), zimalimbitsa chitetezo chake, zimathandizanso kuchira matenda, imathandizira maluwa ndi kucha, koma popanda kudyetsa koyambirira, zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa.
Kudyetsa rasipiberi ndi phulusa
Phulusa lili ndi zinthu zonse za patebulo la nthawi, koma mulibe nayitrogeni, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizingakhale zovala zazikulu zoyambira masika, koma zimangokhala zowonjezera, koma zothandiza kwambiri. Phulusa la nkhuni:
- amalimbana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus m'nthaka;
- amawononga ngakhale kuwononga tizirombo tambiri;
- Amakongoletsa kapangidwe ka dothi, limapangitsa kuti amasuke;
- amasuntha acidity ya nthaka kuloza zamchere, omasuka kwa rasipiberi.
Gwiritsani phulusa pokhapokha kapena lomwe lakhala pamalo owuma pansi pa chivundikiro kuyambira chaka chatha. Ngati adapita kumvula kapena kusungidwa zaka zingapo m malo okhala chinyezi kwambiri, ndiye kuti pali zinthu zochepa zomwe zimakhalapo, ndipo palibe zamchere zilizonse.
Sungani phulusa kuchokera pamoto wamoto litangotsikira ndikusunga mu chidebe chotseka
Mbiya yepulasitiki yodzazidwa ndi phulusa inali chilili m'chipinda chathu; Inasungidwa kumeneko pafupifupi zaka 5. Masika omalizira ndidakumbukira izi ndipo ndidaganiza zokhazokha. Ndidasonkhanitsa mu sieve ndikufafaniza zotumphukira zokhalamo ndi nthata yopachika pamtanda. Zotsatira zake, tizilombo ndidapitilirabe kuwononga malo anga obzala. Zachidziwikire, zinali zotheka kuganiza kuti simungaphe tizirombo tina, ndipo phulusa silikugwiranso ntchito. Koma ndimakonda kufikira pazifukwa izi. Ndinaganiza zowunika phulusa ndi mayeso a litmus. Ndinafalitsa ndimatope ndikutsitsa litmus. Mtundu wake sunasinthe, ndiye kuti, phulusa langa silimayimira chilichonse chamtengo wapatali, silinachite. Sakanakhoza kuvulaza utitiri uliwonse, komanso kuchepetsa acidity ya nthaka.
Poyerekeza, ndinayesa phulusa mwatsopano pachitofu cha sauna. Zakumwamba ndi dziko lapansi: mayeso a litmus nthawi yomweyo adasanduka abuluu. Chifukwa chake, musamvere iwo omwe akunena kuti phulusa silikuwathandiza. Sangodziwa momwe angazisungire ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Chinsinsi chovala phulusa pamwamba ndi chophweka: kutsanulira kapu ya phulusa mu ndowa, kusakaniza, mpaka kuyimitsidwa, kutsanulira pansi pa raspberries - malita 10 pa 1 m². Njira ina: kuwaza kapu ya phulusa ndendende pamalo omwewo ndikusakaniza ndi toposa. Valani chovala pamwamba musanamwe madzi kapena mvula.
Kanema: za phindu la phulusa pazomera
Osamawonjezera phulusa mukangophatikiza nayitrogeni kapena ndi iyo, ndipo musawonjezere ku infusions wachilengedwe. Nayitrogeni ndi alkali amapanga mawonekedwe osakhazikika - ammonia. Gawo la nayitrogeni limangosowa popanda kulowa mu raspberries, ndipo phulusa limatha kutaya nthaka. Phulusa limapatsa raspulosi masabata 1-2 atatha nayitrogeni.
Kudyetsa rasipiberi ndi nyengo yabwino komanso yofunika. Ndikokwanira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kuwonjezera njira imodzi yovalira ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni (mchere kapena organic) ndipo zitatha - zowonjezera micronutrients (zokupititsa patsogolo, phulusa). Pazinthu zadzidzidzi, kuvala pamwamba kumathandizira. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsata malangizowo, gwiritsani ntchito maphikidwe otsimikiziridwa. Zochita zilizonse zimabweretsa zovuta.
