Timabzala mphesa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe: momwe titha kuchitira njirayi mwaluso

Kumayambiriro koyambirira, ntchito ya m'munda imayamba. Nthawi yomweyo, ndi nthawi yobzala mphesa. Kusankha malo, kukonza bowo, kuwabzala kumanja kuli mavuto ambiri. Koma zonse sizovuta kudziwa momwe zimawonekera poyamba. Chofunikira ndi kudziwa momwe mungachitire.

Kukonzekera kubzala mphesa masika

Pazipatso zambiri, munthu akhoza kunena kuti: Ngakhale kuti ndi mbewu ya malo otentha, mbande za mitundu yake zimatha kusintha nyengo pomwe mitengo yosiyanitsa ya mitengo yathu ya maapulo imalephera ...

I.V. Michurin

Zachidziwikire kuti aliyense wosamalira mundawo adaganizapo za kubzala mphesa pamalo ake. Ndipo ena adakwanitsa kuyilima kwa nthawi yayitali. Kulima mphesa nthawi zonse kumayamba ndikukonzekera malo ake.

Kusankha tsiku ndi malo okhala

Chapakatikati, kutentha kwa mzere sikutsika pansi + 10 ... +15^zaNdi kudutsa chisanu, odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuyamba kubzala mphesa.

Pali chikhulupiriro chakuti mphesa zingabzalidwe pomwe maluwa amatuluka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dziko lapansi latentha.

Popeza pafupifupi chinthu chachikulu pakukula kwa mphesa ndi dothi lotentha, ndikofunikira kuti liwotha. Chifukwa cha ichi, koyambirira kwamasika:

1. Dziko lapansi limathirira madzi otentha pamtunda wa + 50 ... +70^zaC.
2. Phimbani ndi filimu yakuda.
3. Amayika zowonetsera.

Mphesa zimakonda malo osasindikizidwa, chifukwa chake ndikofunika kuti mukonzeke mizere yachikhalidwe kuchokera kumpoto kupita kumwera kuti dzuwa liwoneke bwino. Imakula bwino pamadothi opepuka, otayirira, okhathamiritsa. Madzi apansi, omwe ali pafupi ndi dziko lapansi, si malo abwino kwambiri okhala mbewuzi, chifukwa pamakhala ngozi ya kuzizirira tchire nthawi yachisanu komanso kuzungulira kwa mizu kumapeto kwa mvula. Ngati pali vuto lotere, wamaluwa odziwa ntchito amalimbikitsa:

• kukumba mabowo a mitengo ya mphesa osati yakuya kwambiri kotero kuti mtunda wopita kumadzi apansi ndi osachepera 1 mita;
• ikani ngalande pansi pa dzenjelo - miyala yolemera kapena zidutswa za matope, kuti kasupe madzi asadzaze pansi pa chitsamba.

Ndikofunika kubzala minda ya mpesa pamalo athyathyathya, chifukwa madera otsetsereka sangakhale ndi dzuwa lokwanira, ndipo zitunda zimakhala zotseguka kumphepo zonse, zomwe ndizosafunika makamaka nthawi yozizira, pamene tchire limabisala mphepo ndi chisanu. Komabe, mutha kuwabzala pamalo otsetsereka kumbali yakumwera. Izi zimawonjezera kusintha kwa kutentha, chifukwa mbali iyi dziko lapansi limawunda. Ndipo, monga mukudziwa, kutentha kwambiri, mphesa zimakula.

Nyumba zingapo zimatha kusewera ngati mphepo posankha malo oti munda wamphesa pafupi nawo. Mtunda wokwanira kuchokera kumakoma kupita kumathengo a mpesa ndi 1 m.

Kuchokera pa zomwe ndakumana nazo, nditha kunena kuti mbewu zomwe zikumera pafupi ndi mpanda woyela kuchokera pa bolodi yodzala kum'mwera kwa nyumba yanga ndikuyamba kubereka zipatso sabata limodzi kuposa ena amtundu womwewo, koma zimakula m'malo ena amalo. Mpanda woyerawu umawalitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha pamabedi oyandikana omwe amakhala ndi magetsi padenga. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zowirikiza zimapezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, mpanda uwu ndi chitetezo chabwino ku mphepo.

Popeza kututa mphesa kumadalira kwambiri malowo kuposa kuchuluka kwa tchire, mtunda pakati pawo umakhudza kwambiri zipatso. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kubzala tchire patali osayandikira 3 m kuchokera wina ndi mnzake ndi 3 m mumanjira. Komabe, kupatula madera athu ochepa minda yathu, amalola 2.5 m.

Mtunda woyenera pakati pa mitengo ya mphesa mzere ndi 3 m

Kukonza dzenje

Dzenje lokhala bwino liyenera kukonzedwa pansi pa chomera:

1. Amakumba bowo lomwe limakhala lalikulu masentimita 80x80x80. Mphesa zibzalidwe kwambiri, chifukwa mizu yanthete imatha kupirira--6 ... -7^zaC.
   

   Kuya kwa dzenje lofikira mphesa kuyenera kukhala 80 cm
2. Onetsetsani kuti mwapanga humus (posakhalapo - kompositi), pafupifupi zidebe 4 za dzenje. Zachilengedwe ndizofunikira kuti mbewu zikule bwino ndikukula.
   

   Humus imalowetsedwa kudzenje la mphesa

3. Amapanga feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous - pafupifupi 200 g pa dzenje limodzi.
   

   Kuphatikiza feteleza wachilengedwe, mukabzala mphesa amagwiritsanso ntchito mchere

4. Sakanizani zonsezi.

Iyi ndi njira yokonzekera dzenje yomwe mbadwo wakale umakonda ngati njira yodalirika komanso yotsimikiziridwa.

Njira ina pokonzekera dzenje:

1. Dzenje lokula mulingo wokulirapo likukumbidwa.
   

   Miyezo ya dzenje kubzala mphesa ndi muyezo mwanjira iliyonse pokonzekera

2. 10-15 masentimita amwala osemedwa amatsanulidwa pansi.
   

   Malo okumbika amatsanulira pansi pa dzenjelo

3. Chubu chopapatiza chimayikidwa mozungulira m'mphepete, chopangidwira kuthilira nyengo yadzuwa.
   

   Chitoliro chothirira chimayikidwa m'mphepete mwa dzenje la mphesa.

4. Dzenje limadzazidwa ndi dothi lapansi lomwe lidakumbidwa kale ndipo limalumikizidwa ndi humus. Kusakaniza koteroko kumafunikira zidebe 4.
   

   Dzenje lokwiriridwa ndi nthaka yosakanikirana ndi humus
5. Nthaka imaphwanyidwa.
6. Dzenje limathiriridwa bwino.
7. Pambuyo kuti chinyezi chikanyowe, nthaka yochulukirapo imathiridwa pansi pa khoma lakumpoto la dzenjelo kotero kuti imapanga malo ochepa. Idzakhala chophimba ngati pakufunika kuzizira.

Kubzala mphesa masika

Malowo akakhala okonzeka, mutha kubzala mmera wamphesa pamenepo:

1. Asanabzala, mizu ya mmera imanyowa m'madzi kwa maola 24 kuti akhale ndi moyo.
2. Mmera wokonzeka mwanjira imeneyi, mizu imakonzedwa pafupifupi 1 cm.
3. Ali ndi mmera mu dzenje, m'mbuyomu madzi, wokhala ndi mizu mbali yakumwera, ndipo masamba kumpoto.
4. Finyani pansi ndi nthaka yosakanikirana ndi humus, pafupifupi pakati pa thunthu ndikuwongolera nthaka mozungulira chitsamba.
5. Madzi.
6. Chidebe chamchenga chimathiridwa mu dzenje mozungulira mmera ndipo pamwamba pake pali phulusa lonyowa.
7. Mulani ndi wosanjikiza dothi kuti masentimita 10-15 likhalebe pamwamba pa dzenjelo.
   

   Mphesa zimakhala ndi mbali yakumwera, masamba kumpoto

Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kudula kwa chimtengo (tsinde) kuli pang'onopang'ono mulingo wa dzenjelo, ndipo mtunda kuchokera pamtunda womwe udafikira kumtunda ulibe kupitirira 2-3 cm. Mphesa zikamakula, zimakhala zosavuta kuzizingira kuti zikhale nthawi yozizira. Ena opanga vinyo wobzala kuti impsozozoyika m'manda ndi 2-3 cm.

Mphesa amakonda kwambiri dothi lotayirira, lopatsa thanzi komanso lotentha. Ngati kuopseza chisanu, mutha kuphimba mbewuyi ndi filimu yakuda mpaka nyengo ikhazikika.

Njira yotsatsira

Njira yodutsamo imasiyana ndi izi pamwambapa kuti mmera wamphesa umabzalidwa limodzi ndi mtanda wazomera momwe zimakuliramo. Akaziika, amazichotsa ku chigobacho, chomwe chimagwira. Chifukwa chake, mizu yake imawululidwa nthawi yobzala, yomwe imathandizira mbewu yake kuzika mizu m'malo atsopano.

Kanema wakuda wachidetseracho amachotsedwa mosamala muchitsime mukamatera ndi chidebe

Kubzala mphesa pansi pa trellis

Mphesa - chokwera, zikwapu zake zimatha kukula kwambiri, mogwirizana ndi zomwe adadula ndikuwupanga. Ndizosavuta kuchita izi ndikakonzedwa "m'njira" zapadera - trellis.

Ma tapestries amathandizira mipesa ndikuthandizira kupanga tchire

Ngati pali trellis kale, tikulimbikitsidwa kupendekeka tsinde mukabzala pakona pa 45^zakotero kuti mipesa yake imakula kumayendedwe othandizira, osachokera pamenepo. Ngati zakonzedwa kukhazikitsa mphesa zikakula, ndiye kuti chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kubzala kwa mbande za 3x3 m ndikuyika tchire m'tsogolo mtsogolo. Potere, pambuyo pake zidzakhala zosavuta kukhazikitsa tchire lambiri.

Njira yosavuta pokonzekera malo ndikubzala mmera wamphesa

Iwo omwe akuchita nawo ntchito yopanga mphesa kwanthawi yayitali ndipo mwachipambano amadziwa njira yocheperako yolimbira dzenje:

1. Dzenje lakuya kwakufunika limapangidwa ndi kubowola.
2. Mwala wosweka kapena njerwa yosweka wayikidwa pansi.
3. Phiri lamtunda limatsanuliridwa, pomwe mizu ya mmera idakokedwako, kale, monga idanenera pamwambapa.
4. Earth imasakanikirana ndi humus ndi mchenga, koma mutha kuchita popanda iyo.
5. Mmera umadzaza mpaka theka.
6. Sindikiza dziko lapansi momzungulira.
7. Madzi ndi madzi. Chidebe cha lita 10 ndi chokwanira.
8. Madziwo akachokapo, dzazani bowo pamwamba, ndikuphimba mmera mpaka masamba. Mutha kuthiranso madzi.
   

   Mphesa sapling imakutidwa ndi dothi mpaka theka

Kutengera ndi dera, kuya kwa dzenje ndi njirayi kumatha kuchokera 35 mpaka 55 cm. M'madera akum'mwera, komwe kumakhala chipale chofewa kapena chipale chofewa chambiri, koma mphepo yamphamvu yozizira, ndikofunikira kubzala mozama - 50-55 cm kuti musazizire mizu. Kumene kuli chipale chofewa chochuluka nthawi yozizira, mwachitsanzo, mumphepete mwa msewu, mphesa zingabzalidwe mpaka akuya masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Chophimba chochuluka cha chipale chofewa nthawi yozizira chimalepheretsa mbewu yakum'mwera kuzizira.

Kanema: Njira zodzala mbande za mphesa panthaka

Zambiri za kubzala mphesa kumadera osiyanasiyana

M'madera osiyanasiyana komwe kulima mphesa kumachitika, nyengo yomwe imafunikira kuti mubzale bwino imachitika pa nthawi yake. Ku Crimea, nthawi ino igwera kumapeto kwa Marichi, pofika Epulo 20-25, ntchito yonse iyenera kumalizidwa. Kudera la Odessa ku Ukraine, amayamba kuthana ndi mphesa mkati mwa Epulo. Koma mitundu ina imafuna kutentha pang'ono popanda kuopseza chisanu, ndiye kuti yabzalidwa kuyambira Meyi 5 mpaka 9.

Ku Belarus, mphesa zimatha kubzalidwa mu 10 Epulo, koma mutabzala, mbewu zimakutira ndi filimu, chifukwa kumayambiriro kwa Meyi usiku zipatso zisanachitike pamenepo. Kuyambira chapakati pa Epulo, adayambanso kuthana ndi mphesa ku Moscow Region, komwe amadziyimbanso ndi filimuyo mpaka kukhazikitsidwa boma lolimbikitsa kutentha.

Madera akumpoto kwambiri, mpaka posachedwapa, kulima mphesa m'minda ya mabanja sikunali kotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha. Koma iwo amene amafuna kulima tchire lake adapeza njira. Ku Chuvashia, mwachitsanzo, asanabzalemo mbande pamalo osatha, amakonzekera zokolola kunyumba, tanthauzo lake ndikuti mizu ya tsinde imawonekera masamba. Chifukwa chake, mizu imakula mwachangu, imakhala yolimba ndipo imakhala yothandiza pofika nthawi yobzala mu June.

M'madera ozizira, mphesa zimabzalidwa m'malo obiriwira. Chofunikira pa izi ndi mpweya wabwino.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zingasankhe wowonjezera kutentha: mbali imodzi imapangidwa chophimba chomwe chimawonetsa kutentha pamabedi. Mbali inayo ndi filimu yowoneka bwino, yomwe nyengo yotentha imatha kukunkhidwa ndikugudubuzika ikazizira.

M'madera ozizira, mphesa zimatha kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha

Palibe zovuta zina pakukonzekera malowa ndi kubzala mbande zam'mphesa masika. Monga chomera chilichonse cholimidwa, chimafunikira chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro, chomwe novice amatha kuthana nacho ngati angafune.