Mavalidwe a jamu - njira ya kukolola mowolowa manja

Ubwino wa gooseberries amadziwika kwambiri: umayamba kubala zipatso, chaka chilichonse umapereka zokolola zambiri, sizikuwonongeka panthawi yosungirako komanso mayendedwe. Kuti kukula ndi kutukuka koyenera kwa mbewu, kupeza mbewu zokhazikika, komanso kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chamatenda, mabulosi amafunika kusamalidwa bwino, kuphatikizapo kuvala bwino nthawi zonse.

Kudyetsa gooseberries - chofunikira kwambiri

Kudyetsa jamu, limodzi ndi kuthirira, kudulira, kukonza kuchokera ku tizirombo, ndi gawo mwazinthu zofunika pakuyang'anira mbewu. Njirayi imagwiridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza, kutengera nthawi ya chaka ndipo ikuchita zotsatirazi:

• Kukula msanga ndi kukula kwa tchire.
• Kuwongolera kukoma kwa zipatso.
• Kuchulukitsa zokolola.
• Kubwezeretsanso michere yosowa m'nthaka.

Mbeu zamtundu wa goose ndi zina mwa mbewu zosagwiritsa ntchito chilala, sinthani bwino chilengedwe ndikukula bwino pamitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• dongo lolemera;
• wodala;
• sandam loam;
• dziko lakuda;
• mchenga.

Chachikulu ndikuti dothi siloterera, lozizira komanso wowawasa. Izi ndichifukwa choti dzu la mizu ya gooseberry silili lakuya pansi: mizu yayikulu ili pakuya kwa 1 m, ndipo ambiri omwe akuyamwa akufika pa 0.5-0.6 m. Chifukwa chake, chinyezi chambiri komanso kusakwanira kwa nthaka, muzu wa tchire umakhudzidwa kwambiri. , mbewu zimadwala ndipo zimatha kufa.

Zomwe dothi liyenera kukhala mndandanda wa pH 5.5-6.7. Ngati chizindikirochi chimakhala chosakwana 5.5, i.e., dothi limakhala ndi acidity yayikulu, ndiye musanabzike komanso nthawi yomwe mukukula gooseberries, phulusa la nkhuni kapena ufa wa dolomite limawonjezeredwa nthawi ndi izi m'mitundu:

• phulusa nkhuni 700-800 g / m²;
• dolomite ufa 350-400 g / m².

Kanema: momwe mungasamalire gooseberries

Ngakhale kubzala kwa zipatso zam'madzi zokhala ndi zipatso zambiri, kukula kwake ndi zipatso zake zimachulukirachulukira ndikamadzalidwa bwino bwino ndi dothi labwino. Ndi kuvomerezedwa kwa humus, kompositi ku dzenje lobzala, kenako kuvala zovala zapamwamba ndi feteleza wachilengedwe komanso mchere. Mtengowo umayankha kwambiri pazakudya zowonjezera, koma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri (makamaka kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira kambiri), tchire limayamba kuzimiririka, zimawonongeka chifukwa cha nsabwe za m'masamba, zimakhala zoyipa komanso nthawi yozizira. Ngati, mutabzala mmera, kuchuluka kwa feteleza wachilengedwe ndi mchere kumalowetsedwa mu dzenje lobzala, ndiye kuti kuvala pamwamba pa zipatso za jamu kumayamba ndi zaka zitatu.

Zonse zofunikira pakudya kuti pakhale bwino ndikukula kwa mbewu zimagawika m'magulu awiri: macro- ndi ma microelements. Zoyambazo zimayambitsidwa zochuluka, zotsika kwambiri.

Ma macronutrients amaphatikizapo:

• nayitrogeni
• phosphorous
• potaziyamu
• calcium
• magnesium
• sulufule
• chitsulo.

Tsatani:

• boron
• Manganese
• mkuwa
• zinc
• molybdenum
• ayodini.

Zonsezi zili ndi feteleza wachilengedwe komanso michere. Siyanitsani pakati pama feteleza osavuta komanso ovuta am'maminolo. Zosavuta zimakhala ndi batiri limodzi lokha ndipo malingana ndi magawo omwe adagawidwa m'mitundu iyi:

• nayitrogeni
• phosphoric
• potashi
• magnesium
• boric.

Feteleza zovuta zimakhala ndi mabatire angapo.

Video: momwe manyowa moyenera mabulosi

Ma feteleza ovuta a minyewa ndi omwe amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri pakuvala kwapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa ali ndi michere moyenera, mosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhudza kukula kwa mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, Ammophos imakhala ndi phosphorous oxide (46%) ndi nayitrogeni (11%). Nitrofoska imakhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu poyerekeza ndi 16:16:16. Chovala chapamwamba ichi chimapangidwa bwino kwambiri mu kasupe ndikamasula nthaka matalala atasungunuka.

Kuchokera kuzowona za jamu, zimadziwika kuti akamakula pamtunda wowonda, wandiweyani, feteleza wovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kugwa. Ndi dothi lotayirira, lopepuka, ndizothandiza kwambiri kuyika mtundu uwu wovala pamwamba mumalimwe. Ndi mvula ya nthawi yophukira ndikusungunuka madzi am'madzi, pang'onopang'ono zinthuzi zimalowetsedwa pansi ndikugwiridwa ndi mbeu.

Ma feteleza ophatikizana ndi ma microelement ndi othandiza makamaka ngati vuto la kuchepa kwa michere m'nthaka, lomwe lingayambitse masamba a chlorosis mu gooseberries, kukula kwa mphukira ndi zipatso, ndi kufooka kwa mizu. Mwa ena, MicroMix zovuta yatsimikizira bwino bwino. Muli zinthu za chelated, i.e., zopezeka kwambiri ndi mbewu. Zomwe zili m'mavalidwe apamwambawa zikuphatikiza:

• nayitrogeni
• phosphorous oxide
• potaziyamuideide
• magnesium
• boron
• chitsulo
• Manganese
• zinc
• mkuwa
• molybdenum.

Wogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa MicroMix amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mizu komanso masamba a zipatso zam'madzi munthawi yachaka (masika ndi chilimwe) malinga ndi malangizo

Mukamadyetsa, ndikofunikira kusunga malamulo ena kutengera mtundu wake:

• Ndi chovala pamwamba pamizu, feteleza umayikidwa pafupi ndi mizu ya chomera (m'miyala yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa tchire kapena m'mphepete mwa thunthu).
• Pakupopera mankhwalawa pakudya kwachakudya, kuchuluka kwa feteleza sikuyenera kupitirira 1%, apo ayi kuwotcha masamba kumatha kuchitika. Kuphatikiza apo, feteleza ayenera kukhala ndi madzi osungunuka bwino.

Chakudya Chamasamba a Gooseberry

Kupanga kwa feteleza kwa gooseberries mwachindunji kumatengera nthawi (nthawi) yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Ngati tchire lamera mabulosi liyenera kupatsidwa mphamvu zambiri momwe lingathere kuti zikule ndi kukula kwamasamba, mphukira, kutuphuka ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa (nyengo yakula), ndiye nthawi yotentha (nthawi yophukira), timathandizira tchire kumangiriza zipatso ndikuwabweretsa kukhwima mwa kuvala koyenera. M'dzinja, m'malo mwake, mbewu zimayenera kukonzekera kupumula kwa dzinja; ino ndi nthawi yakucha nkhuni ndi kuyala zipatso za chaka chamawa. Kutengera nthawi yakakhalire a jamu, feteleza wofunikira amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chapakatikati

Chapakatikati, zovala ziwiri zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa:

1. Pamaso budding (Marichi-Epulo).
2. Asanakhale maluwa (Meyi).

Munthawi imeneyi, mitundu yotsalira ya feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Zachilengedwe:
   • manyowa owola;
   • kompositi
   • thovu mbalame zitosi.
2. Mineral (wokhala ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni):
   • urea
   • ammonium nitrate;
   • ammonium sulfate;
   • superphosphate;
   • potaziyamu nitrate;
   • potaziyamu sulfate.

Choyamba, kudyetsa koyambirira kumalola tchire kuti lituluke mu nthawi yozizira ndikuyamba kusintha kwa nyengo, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa mphukira ndi kukula kwa masamba obiriwira. Feteleza zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni mwachilengedwe, motero zimatengeka mosavuta ndi mbeu.

1. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, itasokonekera dziko lapansi, manyowa kapena manyowa awola pakati pa tchire la mayonesi (malinga ndi momwe korona amayambira) kapena m'mphepete mwa mzere wamabulosi.
2. Zosanjikiza zamafuta zimakonkhedwa ndi urea, superphosphate ndi mchere wa potaziyamu pamwamba (kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza - onani gome lomwe lili m'chigawo "Kuphatikiza ndi feteleza wa mchere").
3. Pambuyo pake, dothi limayang'aniridwa mosamala: pansi pa tchire, limamasuka mpaka akuya masentimita 7-10, pakati pa tchire - kukumba kwambiri (pa bayonet ya fosholo).
4. Pamwamba panthaka pamatumba ndi peat kapena nthaka yosamasuka.

Ma feteleza a nayitrogeni amamizidwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo zochita zawo zimakhala zokwanira nyengo yonse.

Nthawi yachiwiri gooseberries umuna mu Meyi kuti imathandizira maluwa ndi bwino zipatso. Kusakaniza kwa zakudya zophatikiza ndi zakudya ndizophatikiza:

• organic kanthu (5 makilogalamu a zowola manyowa kapena kompositi pachitsamba chimodzi);
• feteleza wovuta wa mchere wokhala ndi zinthu za nayitrogeni (Kemira, Nitrofoska, Ammophos) molingana ndi malangizo.

Chovala ichi chapamwamba, monga choyambirira, chimayambitsidwa m'nthaka, pambuyo pake tchire liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri ndikuthamanga pansi lapansi. Panthawi yophukira ndi kuphukira, kuvala bwino kwazomera pamtunda wokhala ndi ammonium sulfate kapena urea mwa kupopera kumathandiza kwambiri. Chithandizo cha maluwa chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi phindu pa kuyika zipatso m'mimba mwake ndikuwonjezera zipatso za gooseberries.

Mavalidwe apamwamba omwe adapangidwa mu Meyi amathandizira maluwa a gooseberries ndikupangitsa kuti akhale ochulukirapo

Pak maluwa, kuvala zovala zapamwamba kwambiri silingachitike kuti singawononge tizilombo toyambitsa mungu.

M'chilimwe

Pambuyo pa maluwa a gooseberry, nthawi yotsatira m'moyo wake amabwera - zipatso zimakhala ndikucha. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula ndikukula msanga kwa mizu yovutikira chomera kumachitika. Mu June-Julayi, kuvala kachitatu kwabwino kwambiri kwamabulosi kumachitika. Zimathandizira gooseberries kulowa nthawi yopanga zipatso, kusintha kukoma ndikukulitsa zipatso. Kubzala feteleza kumalimbitsanso tchire ndipo kumakulitsa kukana matenda ndi tizirombo.

Monga feteleza m'chilimwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Zocheperako:
   • phosphoric (superphosphate yosavuta);
   • potashi (potaziyamu sulfate).
2. Ma organics (slurry omwe amathandiza kudyetsa gooseberries mwachangu).

Kuti zinthu zonse zofunikira kuchokera ku feteleza zithekere bwino ndi mbewu, ndikofunika kuti muzivala pamwamba mutathirira.

Kuphatikiza umunthu walabwino wa chirimwe ndi feteleza ndi madzi okwanira, mutha kukwaniritsa mitundu yayikulu ya jamu

Kukonzekera kwa organic kuchokera manyowa:

1. Lowetsani zidebe za 1-2 za manyowa atsopano mu thanki yamadzi okwanira 200 ndikuwonjezera zidebe 0,5 za kompositi.
2. Valani bwino ndikusiya kwa masiku 8-10 kuti mukupsa.
3. Sakanizani 1 lita imodzi ya manyowa ndi ndowa.

Wokonzeka kutsikira amathiriridwa mu mzere wa bwalo loyandikira, wokutira kuchokera pamwamba ndi peat kapena humus youma. Njira zitha kuchitidwa 2 pa mwezi, zipatso zisanakhwime. Kudyetsa kumachitika kokha ndi kukhalapo kwa potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi kukonzekera kovuta ndi kufufuza zinthu.

Kutha kwa Juni - pakati pa Julayi ndi nthawi yodzaza zipatso za jamu, pomwe, ndi dothi labwino komanso chinyezi, kutentha kokwanira, kulemera kwakukulu kwa zipatso kumapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri pakadali pano kuti pakhale njira yoyenera yothirira, yomwe ikuchitika pakadali pano. Mwa njira, nthawi yoyamba kuthirira madzi patatha masiku 10-15 at maluwa. Kenako - munthawi yodzaza zipatso. Chotsatira - masabata awiri nyengo yokolola isanakwane, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zipatso. Koma ukakolola, ndikusowa chinyezi, umabwerezeredwa. Ndikuona kuti kuthirira, mphamvu ya feteleza wa michere imachuluka. Kugwiritsa ntchito chinyezi kwambiri kumera kumtunda, motero, ndikofunikira kukonza madzi ndi chakudya mwachindunji m'malo omwe muli mizu yayikulu (m'mbali mwa chitsamba, mpaka 30 cm).

V.S. Ilyin, adokotala s. Sayansi, Chelyabinsk

Gardens of Russia Magazine, Julayi 7, 2011

Wagwa

Mukukonzekera maluwa, kukhazikika ndi kucha, gooseberries amawononga mphamvu zambiri. Kuchokera m'nthaka, imadya phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, zinthu zina zofunika kwa icho, chifukwa chomwe nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa tchire itatha. Chifukwa chake, m'dzinja ndikofunikira kupanga zinthu zomwe zikusowapo. Munthawi imeneyi, chovala chachinayi, chomaliza chimachitika. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa jamu. Kubzala dothi moyenera mutadzola mabulosi kumalola kuti mbewuzo zikhazikitse zipatso zam'munda wamawa ndikulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira pakulimbana ndi matenda komanso nyengo yachisanu.

Chakumapeto kwa Seputembala - Okutobala, mukakolola, ntchito yotsatira iyenera kuchitika:

1. Chotsani namsongole.
2. Sungani ndikuwotcha masamba akugwa ndi nthambi zouma.
3. Pangani kuthiramo madzi kuthirira (ndowa zitatu za madzi pansi pa chitsamba).

Kenako m'dzinja kukumba dothi ndi feteleza kumachitika. Monga nthawi ya masika, kulima mwakuya kumachitika molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa korona komanso m'mphepete mwa tchire la jamu.

1. Humus kapena manyowa amwazika panthaka yomwe yakonzedwa.
2. Superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mchere amawonjezeredwa kuchokera pamwambapa (kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza - onani gome lomwe lili m'chigawo "Kuphatikiza feteleza ndi michere"). Kuthandizanso kuwonjezera phulusa.
3. Mukaphatikiza umuna, dothi limasulidwa ndikunyentchera.

Feteleza wa nayitrogeni sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali yophukira, chifukwa izi zimakwiyitsa kuwonjezeka kwa mphukira ndipo sizimalola kuti mitengo yamtchire ikhale yokhwima kwathunthu nyengo yachisanu isanachitike, zomwe zimayambitsa imfa.

Kanema: Kudyetsa jamu mu kugwa

Kuphatikizira kwa feteleza kwa feteleza

Feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi phosphoric sangakhale “mankhwala” okha (ammonium nitrate, urea, ammophos, superphosphate), komanso opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe, ndiye kuti, amamineral-organic.

Zovala zam'mera zachilengedwe ndizophatikiza:

• humates - feteleza wa nayitrogeni m'magawo omwe amapezeka pamayendedwe okonza manyowa ndi zitosi za mbalame;
• feteleza wa nayitrogeni mwanjira ya chakudya chamfupa kuchokera ku nyanga ndi ziboda za ziweto;
• feteleza wa phosphorous kuchokera ku magazi ndi mafupa chakudya cha ziweto, komanso ufa wa mafupa a nsomba.

Kanema: Zowonjezera feteleza

Machitidwe odyetsa jamu akuwonetsa kuti nthawi yomweyo, feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo omwe akuperekedwa. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe sizigwirizana. Zotsatira zake, kusinthika kwa mankhwala kumatha kuyamba komwe kumapangitsa kuti feteleza akhale wosaoneka.

Gome: Kugwirizana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza

Kudyetsa gooseberries ndi mchere feteleza

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kwa michere podyetsa mbewu zathanzi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zofunika zaukadaulo waulimi woyenera. Koma nthawi zina, posamalira bwino tchire, amawonetsa zizindikiro za kusowa kwa michere ina. Ndikosavuta kudziwa ndi izi:

• Kusowa kwa nayitrogeni:
  • kukula kwapang'onopang'ono kwa tchire;
  • Kukula bwino kwa mphukira;
  • mtundu wa masamba obiriwira;
  • chiwerengero chochepa cha inflorescences.
• Posakwanira kuchuluka kwa phosphorous:
  • maluwa akuchedwa;
  • kukhetsa kwa thumba losunga mazira;
  • Kusintha kwamasamba obiriwira kukhala ofiira;
  • chofooka chofooka.
• Kuperewera kwa Potaziyamu:
  • mphukira zowuma;
  • chikasu ndi kukhetsa masamba;
  • kugawa zipatso.

Pankhaniyi, nyimbo zovuta za Mikrovit ndi Tsitovit zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakudya chomera komanso zimakhala ndi zinthu zina:

• osasamba masamba ndi mphukira;
• sungunuka bwino m'madzi, utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa;
• odzipereka kwathunthu ndi zomera;
• kukhala ndi gawo lothandiza pamavuto a tchire.

Kanema: Unikirani feteleza wa phosphorous-potashi

Kudyetsa zofunika kwa mbeu za mibadwo yosiyana ndizosiyana. Tchire tating'ono (mpaka zaka zitatu) timafunikira michere yochepa kuposa omwe amalowa ndi zipatso (zaka zisanu ndi zinayi) ndi zomera zipatso (kuyambira azaka zisanu ndi ziwiri). Ndi kusintha kwa gawo limodzi kupita ku lotsatira, kuchuluka kwa feteleza kudyetsa moawiri.

Gome: Muzu wake ndi masamba opatsa thanzi

Feteleza wa Gooseberry ndi Ash

Phulusa lamatabwa ndi feteleza wofunika kwambiri komanso wopindulitsa wazomera. Izi zimapezeka ndikuwotcha zinyalala pamtengo patadulira mitengo ndi zitsamba, ndikuyeretsa mundawo. Makamaka phulusa labwino limapangidwa pakuwotcha zinyalala kuchokera kumitengo yazipatso, tchire la zipatso ndi mipesa.

Manyowa ali ndi zidutswa zophatikizika (zidutswa zamakala) ndi ufa (phulusa phulusa), momwe zimapangidwira zimakhala ndi mchere wa potaziyamu, sulufu, phosphorous, zinc mu mawonekedwe omwe angathe kutengera mbewu. Chifukwa cha kuvala kwapamwamba kumeneku, kukoma ndi kukula kwa gooseberries kumakhala bwino, ndipo chomera chokana matenda ndi mafangasi chikukula. Feteleza akathira pansi m'nthaka zimasintha bwino, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya nthaka ndikuwonjezera kupuma kwake. Pachifukwa ichi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa phulusa kumathandiza kwambiri pazidothi zazingwe.

Kanema: momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito phulusa

Ngati chovala chapamwamba, phulusa lamatabwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji pansi;
• pamene mulching nthaka;
• kupopera ndi kupukuta tchire.

Ndikofunika kuphatikiza kuthirira kwa gooseberries ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa ndi chinyezi chokhazikika. Pali njira zambiri zokonzera infusions wa phulusa la nkhuni:

1. Zitini zitatu za phulusa zimatsanulira chidebe chamadzi ofunda ndikuumirira masiku awiri pakutentha. Sungani yankho ndi madzi 1:10, gwiritsani ntchito kuthirira mu thunthu.
2. 1 makilogalamu phulusa ndi zidutswa za phulusa kutsanulira 10 malita a madzi ozizira, kunena sabata. Chifukwa kulowetsedwa akhoza sprayed ndi zitsamba.
3. Kubwezeretsa kwakukulu (uterine) kumakonzedwa ndikuwotcha lita imodzi ya phulusa lamatope mu 10 malita a madzi kwa mphindi 10-20. Njira yothirayo imapukutidwa ndi madzi: 1 lita imodzi chidebe cha madzi.

Kudyetsa gooseberries mu kasupe ndi wowerengeka azitsamba

Kuthira feteleza wa gooseberries, pamodzi ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mchere zomwe zakonzedwa kale, zovala za "anthu" zachilengedwe zimakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Nthambi zangodulidwa kumene, tsanulira ndowa ndi kunena sabata. Kukhetsa kulowetsedwa ndikuthira ndi madzi muyezo wa 1:10. Thirani chitsamba ndi njira yothetsera mzere wozungulira. Kuti uvuvuze, pukusira 1:20 ndi maji.
2. 1 tsp kuchepetsa wowawasa kirimu 1 lita imodzi ya Whey. Payokha mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, kwezani 1 tbsp. l wokondedwa. Phatikizani zonse ziwiri zosakanikirana ndikuwonjezera yisiti ya mkate. Onjezani madzi mpaka malita 10. Mukutentha, thirani njira yothetsera sabata imodzi, mutatha kupsinjika, kuchepetsa muyezo wa 0,5 l pa 10 l yamadzi. Gwiritsani ntchito kuvala muzu.
3. Mavalidwe otentha, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mbatata yosenda (mtsuko wa lita) kutsanulira madzi otentha mu ndowa imodzi, kuphimba ndi nsalu yotentha komanso kuzizira mpaka 50 ° C. Onjezani chikho 1 cha phulusa la nkhuni ndi kutsanulira yankho lotentha pa chitsamba cha tsekwe mu thunthu. Chimapangitsa chidwi cha kukula kwa mphukira ndi kudzutsidwa kwa impso.

Kukula kwathunthu ndi chitukuko, kupeza okhazikika, mbewu zokhazikika, gooseberries amafunika zochepa: chisamaliro mosamala, kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi kuvala kwapamwamba, komanso kuwongolera matenda. Mlimiyo adzaona zotsatira za ntchito yake pa chiwembu - kununkhira kwa maluwa, maluwa obiriwira obiriwira nthawi yachilimwe ndi tchire lomwe linalungidwa ndi zipatso zokoma, zakupsa.