Mbali za kulima fodya onunkhira kuchokera ku mbewu kupyolera mu mbande

Pali zomera zomwe zingakongoletse malo alionse kapena maluwa okonzera kunyumba.

Fungo lokoma onunkhira - imodzi mwa mitundu iyi. Ganizirani mmene mungakulire nokha.

Fodya Wokoma: Mawu Ochepa

Pali chomera chochokera ku South America. Mu chilengedwe ndi malo ofunda ndi osatha, koma ngati chomera chokongoletsa kumalo ozizira okha maluwa amodzi. Icho ndi cha Pasanova.

Nthambiyi imakhala yofiira pafupifupi 80 masentimita. Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kusiyana ndi 0.3 mpaka 1.5 mamita. Masamba a chomeracho ndi aakulu (masamba a basal ali ndi mawonekedwe a mtengo, pamene masamba a tsinde amakhala aakulu). Kukula kwake kwa maluwa ndi masentimita 6-8. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe awo a nyenyezi, ndipo chubu ndizitali. Mtundu wochuluka kwambiri ndi woyera, koma pali mitundu yonyezimira, yobiriwira komanso yofiira ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Ndikofunikira! Mitundu yaitali imatha kuthetsa dothi losakonzekera. Choncho, malowa amachiritsidwa asanafike.

Fodya wokoma fungo la fungo, limatuluka pamene limamasula. Nthawi yamaluwa (kuyambira June mpaka Oktoba) maluwa akuphukira mumdimakudzaza mlengalenga ndi fungo lokoma. Mu mazira owala mbewu ndi "yotsekedwa". Izi sizikukhudzana ndi mitundu yambiri yofiira - imakhala ikuwululidwa nthawi imeneyi, koma sikununkhiza. Maluwa oyera, m'malo mwake, amapereka fungo lamphamvu kwambiri.

Odziwika pakati pa alimi a maluwa a maluwa ndi mitundu "Winged", "Green Light", "Maju Noir", "Aroma Green". A hybrids amakonda wamtali (kuchokera 80 cm) mzere "Jingle Bell" ndi "Dolce Vita".

Kukula mbande za fodya onunkhira

Chomera ichi chimaonedwa ngati chosasangalatsa kwa ma latitudes athu, kotero kulima kwake kumafuna kukonzekera. Tiyeni tiwone kumene tingayambe.

Kukonza nthawi ndi kukonzekera mbewu

Tiyerekeze kuti tiri okonzeka kumwa fodya onunkhira, makamaka kuti tipeze mbewu, koma nthawi yobzala izi?

Kwa chikhalidwe choperekedwa, nthawi yeniyeni ndi March-April. Amaluwa ena amafesa m'zaka 10 zapitazi za February. Izi ndizololedwa, koma kungopereka zofunikira zonse kuti zikule bwino komanso chisamaliro choyenera.

Mukudziwa? Mbande ya fodya onunkhira ikhoza kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi zomera za "kusuta" mzere - masamba awo ali ofanana, omwe sungakhoze kunenedwa za maluwa.

Mbeu za fodya onunkhira ndizochepa (pafupifupi 7,000 mwa 1 g). Kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu ngati zimenezi ndi kosavuta: ambiri Mbeu zowuma zimayikidwa pansi. Mukhozanso kutsogolo (kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri musanafese) muwaike m'madzi ofunda, ponyani potaziyamu nitrate zowonjezera pamenepo. Miyeso imeneyi idzalimbikitsa kukula.

Dothi la kukula mbande

Musanafese fodya wonunkhira, onani nthaka. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yathanzi. "Sungani" magawowa adzachita, koma mutha kulima nthaka kuchokera pa sitekha nokha (onetsetsani kuti muli ndi disinfection). Kuti muyambe kuthirira bwino, yonjezerani mchenga (osapitirira 1/3 mwa chiwerengero chonse), chomwe chimamasula wosanjikiza.

Mwamsanga musanadzalemo nthaka yothira.

Kuti mukongoletse malo anu, mungasankhe maluwa omwe adzakondweretsa diso ndi mitundu yowala mumasika, chilimwe kapena nyengo yonse yotentha.

Kufesa mbewu za mbande

Monga tanenera kale, mbewu zakuthupi ndizochepa, ndichifukwa chake kulondola ndikofunikira pamene mukugwira ntchito. Njira yofesa fodya onunkhira ikuwoneka ngati izi:

• Mbeu zimafalikira mofanana pamwamba pa nthaka yonse;
• Zomwe zimapangidwira m'nthaka (kutalika kwake - 5 mm);
• Pambuyo pake, mbewu sizinaphimbidwa ndi nthaka;
• Poto kapena bokosi liri ndi filimu yowonekera kapena chivindikiro ndipo imayikidwa m'malo ndi kutentha kwanthawi zonse.

Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa mbewu zomwe zingasakanike mumchenga, ndiyeno mogawanika kugawaniza katatu pa nthaka.

Zomwe zimafesa mbeu

Thermophilic chikhalidwe chafotokozedwa sizingakhale zovuta kulekerera chilala. Choncho, ntchito yoyamba mu kulima kwake ndiyo kupereka njira zoyenera ndi zothirira. Kwa milungu iwiri yoyamba mutatha kufesa, chotsani mphika wophimba. Ngati mutayika pambali ya dzuwa, chinyezi chidzasinthidwa popanda kulowetsedwa. Kupaka zovala zapamwamba ndi kuthirira kwakukulu nthawiyi sikuchitika. Chinthu china - kulima fodya onunkhira kuchokera ku mbewu kumadera ozizira. Mofanana ndi kubzala koyambirira, kuunikira kwina ndi kuthirira kwina kungafunike.

Pulotolamp idzagwirizanitsa bwino chinthu choyamba, ngakhale kuti mitundu yakale ya luminescent idzayeneranso. Pothirira kuthirira, izo zatheka basi mfuti (palibe zitini zothirira madzi), zomwe sizingapereke chitsimikizo chachikulu ndipo sichidzatsuka mbewu zosamera.

Kusamalira mmera

Pa sabata lachiwiri kapena lachitatu mutabzala mphukira kuwonekera. Kuti muwathandize iwo muyenera:

• chotsani chivundikirocho;
• kuchepetsa pang'ono kutentha (kawirikawiri mphika umangowitsidwira ku chipinda china);
• kuthirira moyenera (panthawiyi n'zosatheka kudonthetsa nthaka);
• kuchepetsa kuwala, monga mphukira zimasiyana ndi kukana kwawo mthunzi.

Mukudziwa? Pali zochitika pamene mbewu zinakhalabe zofanana zaka 7-8.

Inde, pa chiwembu ndi mphukira zazing'ono sipangakhale namsongole uliwonse. Izi ndi zoona kwa zomera zofesedwa m'malo obiriwira.

Pambuyo pake, kufesa fodya onunkhira pa mbande kumapita ku siteji yotsatira ndipo tikukonzekera kusankha.

Kujambula mbande

Pakati pa tsiku la 20, zoyamba zimaonekera. Akakhala kale awiri kapena atatu pamodzi, amapanga kusankha. Njirayi ndi yozoloŵera kwa wamaluwa onse:

• Gawo la ora lisanayambe kusuta, fodya imathiririzidwa kuti achepetse nthaka yakale.
• Kusunga chomeracho ndi masamba, kumachepetsedwa ndi fosholo yaing'ono. Kumenya tsinde losalimba ndilosafunika.
• Pambuyo maluwawo atachoka, chimbudzi chachikulu chimadulidwa mosamala kwambiri.
• Mu mphika watsopano mupange dzenje. Kuchulukira sikuyenera kupitirira 5 mm kuchoka ku chomwe chimatchedwa kukula point (ichi ndi chisindikizo chomwe chikuwonekera pamwamba pa rhizomes).
• Mbande imadulidwa, pang'ono kumangiriza dothi lokhalokha.

Ndikofunikira! Kuchotsedwa kwa mbali imodzi ya rhizome nthawi zonse kumapweteka kwa zomera. Pano ife tikusowa molondola ndi molunjika pa kayendetsedwe kake.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni imeneyi muyenera Madzi okwanira mozizira. Kutentha kumapeto kwa sabata yotsatira, mbewu zimayenera kumera m'malo atsopano popanda kuthira.

Onani kuti atangotenga, fodya wonunkhira amatsutsidwa pang'ono, ndipo kukwera koteroko, komanso kusamalira, kumafuna luso lina.

Kutumiza malo atsopano kumalo olemera kwambiri sikofunika kwenikweni; pambuyo pake, kungakhale koopsa kwa mphukira zachikondi. Nkofunika kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe mukukula, ndiko kuti, musamayembekezere mpaka mbande zikulimbikitsidwa bwino. Inde, iwo ndi ofooka, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo sungani mofulumira (musati muyimitse kusankha). Kawirikawiri pamene amaikanso zomera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kwa mitundu yowakanizidwa, izi ndi zoyenera, chifukwa mbande zazing'ono sizikhoza kumenyana ndi mabakiteriya okha. Njira yowonjezera ya potassium permanganate (1 ml ya mankhwala akung'onongeka pa lita imodzi ya madzi) idzateteza kuoneka kwa zowola ndi bowa pa mizu.

Zomera zimatha kuchepa pogwiritsa ntchito khonde kapena lotseguka.

Zosankha ndizofunikira pakukula mbande zamaluwa ambiri: petunias, salvia, aubrecia, tunbergia, heliotrope, kermek.

Kubzala mbande za fodya onunkhira pamalo otseguka

Pakubwera nthawi yovuta kwambiri: fodya wonunkhira bwino monga mbande potsirizira, akukonzekera kuti agwe pansi. Mmene mungachitire zimenezi mofulumira ndi moyenera - werengani.

Kusankha nthawi ndi malo

Kawirikawiri, zomera zimabzalidwa poyera, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe chisanu. Koma kwenikweni izi sizikwanira, chifukwa nthaka iyenera kutenthedwa. Kwa mitundu yambiri yomwe tili nayo, nthawi yabwino yodzala idzakhala kutha kwa Meyi ndi masiku oyambirira a June.

Nthaka yokha iyenera kukhala umuna. Dothi lamchere ndi "lolemera" silinatchulidwe. Oyandikana fodya m'deralo akhoza kukhala mbewu iliyonse yamunda. Palibe zofunikira kwa "otsogolera" ngakhale.

Zomera panthawiyi ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu (0,5 cm).

Ndikofunikira! Kutalika kwa chitsamba kumatha kufika masentimita 13 mpaka 15. Zitsanzo zoterezi ndi zokonzeka bwino pa chitukuko m'madera otseguka.

Kuganizira komwe angabweretse fodya onunkhira m'mundamo, yang'anani malo ochepetsedwa. Dzuwa losatha la maluwa ndi losafunika (limatseka mofulumira ndipo nthawi zambiri limatha).

Ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko yoyendetsa

Chilichonse chiri chosavuta apa:

• Mbande asiye kuthirira kwa masiku 2-3 asanaikidwe.
• Maola ochepa "kusamukira" usanayambe kumapuma bwino.
• Pochotsa mosamala mbande mu mphika, imayikidwa bwino (kutsanulira pafupi 0,5 malita a madzi).
• Pakatikati mwa dzenje mumapanga phokoso, pomwe pali chomera. Mtunda wa pakati pa mbande ziyenera kukhala mu 25-30 cm.
• Mizu ikusakaniza ndi nthaka yonyowa ndipo imaphwanya malo atsopano. Mwanjira imeneyi mukhoza kusunga chinyezi.

Zindikirani kuti fodya imangokhala yolima ngakhale nthawi yamaluwa.

Mukudziwa? Minda yoyamba ya fodya ya ku Ulaya inkaonekera ku Spain kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1600.

Chisamaliro ndi zinthu za fodya yokhala ndi zonunkhira

Tinazindikira nthawi komanso momwe tingabweretse fodya onunkhira. Gawo lotsatira - chisamaliro ndi kudyetsa.

Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse

Tsegulani pansi bwinobwino kumwa madzi ndi sabata imodzi. Kwa madera akummwera ndi nyengo yoopsa, periodicity idzakhala "yowuma" - dziko siliyenera kusweka.

Kale maluwa sichifuna madzi okwanira mobwerezabwereza. Pankhaniyi, fodya ndi yabwino popereka, chifukwa duwa limakhala losowa madzi, ngakhale kuti simukuyenera kuligwiritsa ntchito molakwa.

Udzu wa udzu ndi kumasula nthaka

Palibe zosiyana ndi zofanana ndi zikhalidwe zina. Namsongole amachotsedwa mwamsanga atatha kuthirira kuti awatole ndi mizu. Ndi nthaka youma yopanga Kupalira. Ngati padzakhala udzu wa tirigu pa chiwembu, uyenera kukumba ndi kuchotsa mizu yake musanadzalemo. Zoonadi, ndizitali, koma zothandiza.

Chemistry yomwe imafalitsa namsongole ndi yovulaza kwa zomera zozungulira ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

Kutsegula kumakhala koyenera kumaliza kuthirira kapena mvula iliyonse: nthaka iyenera kupuma, monga rhizomes.

Mukudziwa? Mchenga wa Sandera usaphimbe maluwa kumapeto kwa masana.

Feteleza

Kupaka pamwamba kunkachitika 3-4 nthawi pa nyengo. Zolemba zimadziwika kuti sizingatheke kutenga nawo mankhwala a nayitrogeni okha. Amaonjezera zobiriwira ndi masamba, koma osati maluwa. Apo ayi, feteleza zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maluwa ena akumunda. Potassium yoyenera imaphatikizapo - potaziyamu magnesia ndi potaziyamu sulphate. Superphosphate mu mawonekedwe a granules ndibenso kanthu. Mankhwala a kloride amatsutsana.

Ndikofunikira! Chlorine yokhazikika pa kukonzekera kumakhudza maonekedwe a maluwa ndipo ndi mankhwala ochiritsira kukongoletsera sikungakhale kochititsa chidwi.

Pambuyo pa mankhwalawa, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa mbewu mu August. Amaikidwa pamalo ouma, ozizira.

Matenda ndi Kutsutsana ndi Tizilombo

Poganizira momwe mungamere maluwa pambali ya fodya ngati fungo lonunkhira, timaona kuti kulimbana ndi zilonda zamtundu uliwonse. Maganizo awa ndi phytoncide, ndiko kuti, ikhoza kubwezeretsa tizilombo osati tokha, komanso chifukwa chokula mbewu.

Mwatsoka, palibe matenda omwe amatha. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kukumbukira powdery mildew yomwe imakhudza masamba a chomera. Pambali pa pepala muli malo osadziwika (nthawi zina ndi malire), omwe pamapeto pake amalowa mu malo amodzi amodzi. Masamba akhoza kupopera ndi kugwa. Maluwa ndi opunduka.

Ndi matendawa akulimbana ndi njira zoterozo:

• Kuwotcha phulusa (2-3 malita a madzi otentha kuwonjezera 0,5 phulusa ndi kusonkhezera, pambuyo pake palimodzi lidatsanulidwa mu chidebe cha 10-lita, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi ozizira).
• Chosowa cha garlic. Pakani malita 10 a madzi mutenge 75 g ya adyo yamchere ndikubweretsa chisakanizo kuti chithupsa. Pambuyo pozizira, zomera zimapulitsidwa.
• Mkaka wa Iodini: 9 malita a madzi / 1 lita imodzi ya mkaka wamakina komanso madontho 10 a ayodini 5%.

Mukudziwa? Fodya, mosasamala kanthu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ili ndi chitetezo chochuluka cha mbewu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbeu zambiri zofesedwa zidzamera.

Matenda ngati mizu yowola, bakabuya ryabuhs ndi bowa zimatha kusokoneza maluwa pokhapokha maluwa omwe ali moyandikana nawo akuwopsa kwambiri, ndipo fodya imatha kupirira.

Nkhani yomweyo ndi tizirombo. Mukamabzala panja, zomera zowonongeka zimayesedwa ndi utoto woumba. Icho chimachotsedwa mwa kukonkha chomeracho ndi phulusa (kangapo pa nyengo). Nthaŵi zina njala ya Colorado imaoneka, yomwe iyenera kuti ikhale yoponderezedwa. Nsabwe za m'masamba sizimalola ammonia, koma muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi iwo: chifukwa cha nitrojeni, mlingo waukulu wa wothandizirazi ndi wosafunikira pa maluwa.

Tikukhulupirira kuti tayankha kwathunthu funso la momwe tingabweretse fodya onunkhira, ndipo maluwa ake onunkhira adzakusangalatsani madzulo a chilimwe.