Mawu "stratification" Nthawi zina zimangowonjezera phokoso lake basi, zimveka ngati zasayansi. Komabe, alimi onse odziwa bwino komanso othawa, wokonza minda kapena wamaluwa amatha posachedwa. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chimapangitsa mbeu kuti ikhale yosakanikirana ndi momwe ingayendetsere bwino.
Mukudziwa? Mawu akuti stratification amachokera ku mawu awiri achilatini stratum - flooring ndi facere - kuti achite. Kwa nthawi yoyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1664 m'buku la Silva "Lankhulani za mitengo ya m'nkhalango ndi kubzala kwawo".
Stratification - ndi chiani, kapena chidziwitso chotani?
Aliyense amadziwa kuti chirichonse m'chilengedwe chimapangidwa mwanzeru ndipo palibe chimene chimachitika popanda chifukwa ndi zosowa. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pa chitukuko cha zomera. Choncho, mu mbewu zambiri, mbewu zatsamba zimagwera pansi pamene akadatha kumera.
Ngati zinamera kuchokera kwa iwo mwamsanga, sakanatha kupulumuka nthawi yachisanu. Ndipo kuti mbewu zisaphe zakuda, zimakhala ndi chipolopolo chofiira chomwe chimawateteza ku chimfine, komanso chipale chofewa.
Koma, pambali pa chipolopolo, palinso kuteteza mafupa - Mbeu zimakonzedwa kuti zisamere mpaka atagona kwa kanthawi kochepa kutentha, pafupifupi madigiri 0, ndi malo oundana. Ndizimene zili zofunika kuti zamoyo zikonzekerere mbeu.
Pamene ali mu mpumulo, ali ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amalepheretsa kuphuka - kukula. Pakubwera kwa kasupe ndikuyamba kutentha, zovala zowonjezera zimakhala zocheperapo, nthawi yopumula imatha. Kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo amalowetsedwa ndi anthu omwe akukula. Nyongolosi imayamba kukula, ndipo mbewu zimamera pansi.
Tsopano muli ndi lingaliro la momwe zimagwirira ntchito zachilengedwe za mbewu, zomwe ziri ndi chifukwa chake zimachitika. Kenaka, tikambirana za momwe tingachitire zimenezi mwakabisira, kunyumba.
Ndipotu, ngati munthu akufunika kukwaniritsa kuti afalitse mbewu ndi njira ya mbeu, akuyenera kukhazikitsa zikhalidwe zobzala mbewu, monga zachirengedwe, zomwe zimachitika m'nyengo yozizira komanso yamasika.
Ngati timapereka tanthauzo lomveka la stratification, ndiye dzina lachilengedwe la kusintha kwa mbeu kuchokera ku malo opumula kudziko la kukula ndi chitukuko motsogoleredwa ndi zowononga zachilengedwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito - Izi ndizomwe zimakonzedwa kale kuti mbeu isakonzedwe kuti iwonongeke kumera ndi kumera ndi nthawi yomwe idakonzedweratu. Ndipotu, zimatsanzira zochitika zina zakuthupi pofuna kuchotsa njere kudziko la mpumulo ndikukonzekera nthawi ya chitukuko.
Kuti afotokoze momwe zingakhazikitsire mbewu, komanso zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka kwa dacha kapena malo, ndikofunikira kufotokozera: kuti mbeu ikuyamera, zinthu zitatu zofunika ndizofunika - kutentha kwabwino, malo ouma komanso kupeza mpweya wabwino.
Mbeu ikaikidwa pamtundu umenewu, patapita nthawi, kuyanika kwake kumachepetsa, kuphulika ndi ntchentche, komanso njira zovuta kumagwirira ntchito zimayambira pa mbeu yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa kamwana kameneka ndi kufunafuna kupeza kuwala ndi chakudya.
Choncho, kawirikawiri amalangizidwa pa malangizi othandizira kukula ndi kubalana kwa mbeu zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira yobzala mbewu asanafesedwe, kutsimikizira kuti izi zidzalola kuti ziphuphu zikukwere pamodzi panthawi yomwe pakufunika kubzala m'nthaka.
Mitundu ya stratification
Malinga ndi njira za stratification, pali mitundu inayi:
- kuzizira
- kutentha
- kuphatikiza;
- inapita.
Palinso mitundu itatu ya stratification mwa kukhazikitsidwa kwake:
- autumn;
- nyengo;
- nyengo.
Pambuyo pa Chaka Chatsopano, mbewu zowonjezereka zimayambika, zomwe zimayenera kukhala sabata limodzi kutentha ndi masabata sikisi m'nyengo yozizira. Izi zimaphatikizapo zokongoletsera ndi zinyumba - mwachitsanzo, iris, lavender, violets, clematis, ndi zina zotero.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, amafesa mbewu zomwe zimafunika kanthawi kozizira - tsiku limodzi kutentha, sabata limodzi kapena awiri ozizira. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku zamoyo zosatha zakale - delphinium, primrose, aquilegia, ndi zina zotero.
Mbeu ziti zimafunikira stratification
Kwenikweni, stratification imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbewu zomwe zimakhala zovuta kumera, mwachitsanzo, zipatso, nkhalango, zokongola mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Sikuti mbewu zonse zimabzala mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, sichikufuna zomera zomwe zimakula mumlengalenga, m'madera omwe kulibe nyengo yozizira. Mitundu yokhala ndi nthawi yochepa yopuma (phwetekere, biringanya, tsabola, dzungu, etc.) safunikanso.Mmodzi angathe kuyika mbewu za zomera zomwe asanabzalidwe zingapezeke m'mabuku apadera, mabuku ofotokoza zomera, komanso mauthenga omwe ali pamatumba.
Kodi ndi nthawi yochuluka yotani yomwe mbewuyi idzadalira mtundu wa mbewu? Mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi nthawi yosiyana yopuma ndi zomera. Choncho, nthawi zothandizira aliyense zidzakhala zapadera. Kotero, mbewu zokhazokha zimayenera kukhala mu chimfine ndi chinyezi kwa miyezi itatu kapena inayi, zina zimakhala zokwanira masiku 10-15. 
Mukudziwa? Monga lamulo, nyengo ya stratification mu zomera zambiri imakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Zamoyo zosatha zimatha kupulumuka mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Momwe mungakonzekerere mbeu za stratification
Musanayambe kupititsa patsogolo mbeu, ndi zofunika kuti mavitaminiwa aziwagwiritsa ntchito powasambitsa kwa theka la ola limodzi mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate (0,5%). Kenaka, ayenera kutsukidwa, kutsukidwa ndi kuviikidwa. Amatsuka nthawi zonse m'madzi kutentha. Chotsani minofu yofewa, musakhudze chipolopolo chovuta.
Kenaka anaphimbidwa kwa maola 6-12 m'madzi ozizira. Izi zidzalola kuti mbewuzo zimve chinyezi chokwanira kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zowonjezera zamkati ndikupititsa patsogolo ndondomeko ya stratification yokha. Mbeu zina zimafuna kuthamanga m'madzi ofunda (15-20 ° C) musanayambe kutupa. Pambuyo kudumpha mbewu zouma.
Ndikofunikira! Mbeu zouma zokha ndizoyenera kukonzekera. Apo ayi, motsogoleredwa ndi chinyezi, akhoza kuyambitsa njira yovunda..
Ndifunikanso kukonzekera gawo la stratification. Oyenera kusunga mbewu mchenga, peat, sphagnum moss, vermiculite; chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga (1: 1). Mwa chiwerengero cha izo ziyenera kukhala katatu kuposa mbewuzo. 
Chikhalidwe chofunika chidzakhala chochotsera disinfection ya gawo lapansi - Iyenera kukhala pansi kutentha kuti iphe tizirombo ndi matenda a fungal. Onetsetsani kuti mwaika nthaka mu uvuni kwa ola limodzi pa kutentha kwa 100-120 ° C kapena kwa mphindi 10 pokhapokha mphamvu mu microwave. Kugula chithandizo cha kutentha kwa nthaka sikofunikira.
Mbeu yotupa imayikidwa mu substrate. Amatha kugona pansi ndikusakanikirana. Kapena, ngati ali aakulu, akugawana nawo pamtunda umodzi, ndi kuwaphimba ndi wosanjikiza. Pakhoza kukhala zigawo zingapo.
Gawo lapansi limalowetsedwa ku boma mpaka madzi akuyamba kutulukamo. Ndiye nkofunika kuyembekezera pang'ono kuti dothi liume, litanyowa, koma lisanyowe. Tsopano tikhoza kupita ku ndondomeko ya stratification.
Kulima Njira Yothandizira
Pali njira zingapo zowonjezerapo mbeu za stratification. Chophweka cha iwo - Kupanga nyemba kumapangidwe ka firiji, pansi kapena chipinda china chozizira. Mukamagwiritsira ntchito firiji, mukhoza kuyika gawo lapansi ndi mbewu mu miphika, miphika yotsekedwa ndi zojambulazo, kapena mumapangipi apulasitiki - kuti mupulumutse malo.
Makanki amasungidwa pa alumali pansi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kulemba dzina la chomera ndi tsiku lokonzekera kukonza. Komanso mufilimuyi, onetsetsani kuti mumapanga mabowo kuti mupeze mpweya.
N'zotheka kuika mbeu mu matumba apulasitiki, ndiyeno mumtsuko ndikuika maliro m'nyengo yozizira, chisanu chisanagwedezeke, pansi. Pamene kuyambira kwa kutentha kumasunthira ku firiji.
Mkhalidwe wa gawo lapansi ndi mbewu ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa masiku khumi ndi awiri. Ndikofunika kuteteza gawo lapansi kuti liwume. Ndibwino kuti muzisakaniza nthawi ndi madzi osungunuka. Mbeu zosayenera ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga.
Kusungunuka kozizira
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa stratification yozizira ndi + 4 ... +5 ° ะก. Chinyezi chiyenera kukhala pa msinkhu wa 65-75%. 
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zomera zosatha zomwe zimamera pansi pa nyengo zachilengedwe ndi nyengo yozizira, ndipo nyengo yawo ikukula kumapeto. Izi ndi zipatso zamtengo, mbewu za pome, masamba, maluwa ndi mbewu zina.
Kulingalira bwino
Pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wobiriwira, mbewuzo zimakhala ndi kutentha kwa 18% +22 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 70%.
Kawirikawiri, njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa masamba. Mwachitsanzo, nyemba za tomato, nkhaka, eggplants, ndi tsabola zikhoza kuthirizidwa masiku amodzi kapena awiri m'madzi otentha ndikuikidwa m'chipinda chofunda.
Nyemba zina zidzafuna kugwirizanitsa pamodzi, komwe kumachitika mu magawo awiri ndi chikoka cha kutentha kotentha. Pogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake, mbewuyi imayikidwa kwa nthawi inayake (kuyambira 1 mpaka 7 months) m'chipinda chofunda ndi kutentha kwa 20 ... +25 ° C. Ndiyeno, atapuma, amaikidwa pamalo ozizira (0-5 ° C).
Mitundu imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zomera, chofunika choyamba kumera komwe ndiko kusintha kwa nyengo. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, yew, hawthorn, viburnum, apricot, plum, ndi zina zotero.
Pankhani ya stratification ya stepwise, maulendo angapo amapangidwa ndi kusintha kochepa komanso kutentha. Pambuyo pa stratification, mbewu zimakonzeka kubzala musanayambe mimba yotseguka kapena mumphika.
Kodi n'zotheka kuti mbeu zisamangidwe bwino komanso momwe zingasokonezere zokololazo?
Yankho losavuta ku funso limeneli ndilo lidziwika bwino lomwe: "Simungapite motsutsana ndi chilengedwe." Ngati mbewu sizingaphunzirepo, ndiye kuti zidzakhala ndi zowonjezera kwambiri, zomwe sizidzawapatsa mpata woti zimere. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yobzala imatha kuchepetsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali - akhoza kukwera patatha zaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, kenako amapereka kuti sadzafera panthawiyi.
Komabe, zonsezi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kwa zomera zomwe zimakonda kukula mu nyengo ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi. Mitundu yomwe zikhalidwezi ndizokhazikika sizifuna zina zowonjezera kuti zithe kumera mbewu, zikhoza kuchulukana chaka chonse.
Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi funsoli, ndi maluwa otani omwe amafunika kuti akhale osakanizidwa, ndiye kuti zonsezi ndi zosatha. Bell limapanga ndi buttercope (anemone, clematis, peony), barberry, honeysuckle, primrose, magonia, lilac, host, cornflower, cloves, dolphinarium, ndi zina zotero, zimafuna kuzizira. 
Ndikofunikira! Zisanayambe kufalikira kwa zomera ndi stratification ya mbewu, m'pofunika kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza nthawi komanso nthawi ya chikhalidwe ichi.Choncho, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukonza mbeu kunyumba sikuvuta. Podziwa malamulo ake oyambirira ndi zizindikiro zotsatiridwa, njirayi ingatheke ngakhale ndi wolima maluwa kapena wachikulire wokhalamo.
