Hyacinth - duwa losakhwima la chikondi ndi lash, ngati maluwa onse, inflorescence. Ndi banja la Asparagus. Malo omwe nzika zake zimachokera ku North Africa, Mediterranean ndi Asia Minor. Nthawi yomweyo, itha kubzala ngakhale pamalo otentha m'malo ozizira. Kumayambiriro koyambira, muvi umatuluka ndipo posachedwa maluwa owala amatuluka. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti ma hyacinths nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphatso mumphika wamatchuthi apakatikati. Mutha kukwaniritsa maluwa tsiku lina. Nthawi zambiri, kumapeto kwa maluwa, anthu sadziwa kuyang'anira bulb ndipo amangolitaya, koma sizivuta kwambiri kuteteza maluwa kwa zaka zingapo mwinanso kukulitsa maluwa.
Maonekedwe a mbewu
Hyacinth ndi chomera chofanana (mpaka 30 cm wamtali) herbaceous. Amadyetsedwa ndi babu wozungulira wokutidwa ndi mamba wakuda bii. Mizu yake yofiirira yopepuka kuchokera pansi. Kupitiliza kwa babu ndi thunthu lamtundu womwe umawoneka koyambirira kwa dziko lapansi. Pansi pa mpikisanowu wabisika pansi pa masamba owoneka ndi masamba okuta. Ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndipo ali pafupifupi kutalika kwa muvi wamaluwa.
Pamwamba pa tsindeyo limakongoletsedwa ndi infloresose wandiweyani wokulirapo, wopangidwa ndi ma corollas ambiri apakatikati a belu wooneka ngati belu. Maluwa amakhala ndi masamba 5 opera pansi. Mtundu wawo ndi wosiyana kwambiri. Zimachitika monophonic kapena motley, wokhala ndi mzere wamtali pakatikati pa petal. Maluwa amaphatikiza zoyera, zapinki, zachikaso, lalanje, buluu, zofiirira, burgundy, zamtambo zofiirira. Mphepete mwa miyala yankhondowo ndi wowongoka komanso wopindika. Maluwa amatulutsa fungo labwino.
Kupukuta kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo, pambuyo pake mbanda zachikopa zimapsa, zimagawidwa zisa zitatu. Iliyonse ili ndi njere zazing'ono ziwiri zophimbidwa ndi khungu losalala.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya hyacinth
Mtundu wa hyacinth ndiwofatsa kwambiri, umaphatikizapo mitundu itatu yokha ya mbewu.
Hyacinth Litvinova. Mphukira mpaka 25 cm yokwanira imakutidwa ndi burashi lotayirira la maluwa amtambo abuluu wokhala ndi miyala yopapatiza, yopindika. Pamaso pomwe panali okondwerera. Masamba akulu bwino ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
Tur-Caspian hyacinth. 1-2 imaphukira mpaka 20cm kutalika kuchokera pa babu iliyonse.Maluwa ochepa kukula a maluwa amtundu wa buluu wokhazikika amamera kumtunda kwa peduncle. Ziphuphu zimamera palimodzi kwathunthu ndipo zimangolekanitsidwa m'mphepete. Masamba a mitunduyo ndi osiyanasiyana komanso amtundu, wopakidwa mumthunzi wobiriwira.
East hyacinth. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri, yomwe yakhala maziko a mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera. Chovala chofewa chomwe chimaphimbidwa ndi maluwa onunkhira a utoto wojambulidwa mumtambo wamtambo wabuluu, wachikaso, oyera ndi pinki. Mitundu yokongoletsera imakhala ndi magulu:
- buluu - Delft buluu (maluwa abuluu opepuka pa muvi mpaka 30 cm kutalika), Marie (miyala yamtambo yamdima yamdima yokhala ndi zikopa zofiirira);
- pinki - wokonda (burashi lakuthwa la nyenyezi zapinki zowala mpaka 4 masentimita), moreno (maluwa ophatikizidwa ndi rasipiberi-pinki), yang bos (burashi mpaka 8 masentimita atali ndi maluwa ofiira owala);
- lalanje ndi wachikasu - mfumukazi ya jeepsie (maluwa okhala ndi matupi opanikizika kwambiri opakidwa utoto wa salimoni-lalanje); Yellow Hammer (burashi lonse lokhala ndi chikasu chowala, pang'onopang'ono limatha mitundu);
- yoyera - Carnegie (bulashi wonyezimira kwambiri wamaluwa oyera okhala ndi maluwa osavuta), galasi lamkati (maluwa oyera otentha amatsegula pang'ono pang'ono kuposa ena onse).
Njira zolerera
Ma hyacinths samaberekanso mwachangu, koma mwakuyesetsa, ndikupeza mbewu zatsopano. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu ndikofunikira pantchito ya kubzala kapena kwa mitundu yazomera. Kuti muchite izi, pakati pa nthawi yophukira, mabokosi osakanizika ndi dothi la pepala, humus ndi mchenga amakonzedwa. Mbewu zongopezedwa kumene zimagawikidwamo mpaka pakuya kwa 0.5-1 cm. Chombocho chimakutidwa ndi kanema ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chozizira. Nthawi zonse nyowetsani nthaka ndikuchotserera. Ndikubwera kwa mphukira, pogona kumachotsedwa. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, ma hyacinths amawululidwa. Kwa zaka ziwiri iwo ali okhwima m'makhola ndipo pokhapokha ndikuziika m'miphika kapena panthaka. Maluwa okhala ndi maluwa amayambira zaka 5-7 zaka.
Kuphatikiza kwa bulb kungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pansi pa tsamba loyamba, impso yayikulu imapangidwa, pomwe mwana amakula. Babu ya mwana imakula pang'onopang'ono, koma, popeza itakhwima bwino, imalekeka mosavuta ndipo posachedwa limamasuwa.
Zoyambirira za ana ambiri amapangidwa motsatira mbali ya pansi, koma kuti apite patsogolo ndikofunikira kuti apange zofunikira kapena kudula pansi pansi babu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito babu wamkulu (woposa masentimita 5). Dulani pansi kapena babu lonse ndi mabulidwe pafupifupi 6 mm obzalidwa pansi m'nthaka. Impso zimangokhudza dothi. Zomera zimakhala ndi kutentha pamwamba pa + 21 ° C. Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3, pamalo odula, mutha kupeza anyezi odzaza pang'ono. Chiwerengero chawo chimafika 20 40 zidutswa. Kusamalidwa ndi kusungidwa kumachitika molingana ndi chiwembu chokhazikikacho. Maluwa amayamba zaka 3-4.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kuti hyacinth akhazikike mumphika kunyumba, amafunika kupanga malo abwino kwambiri. Tara sanasankhe lakuya kwambiri, lalifupi. Onetsetsani kuti mwayala kachigawo kena ka madzi. Mababu 1-3 amaikidwa mumtsuko umodzi. Pakhale malo abwino okwanira kuti mbewu zisalumikizane ndi makoma a mphikawo komanso chilichonse. Kuzama kwambiri kubzala zinthu sikuyenera. Pafupifupi theka kutalika kwa babuyo kuyenera kukhala pamwamba.
Dothi losakanikirana pobzala limapangidwa ndi zinthu izi:
- peat;
- decusuous humus;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga;
- malo owombera.
Amatengedwa chimodzimodzi, osakanikirana bwino ndi opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Olima ena amalima mababu m'madzi. Ndizotheka, koma madziwo ayenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa mchere.
Muphika wa hyacinth uyenera kuyikidwa m'malo abwino. Masana masana ayenera kukhala maola 15 kapena kupitilira. Nthawi zina izi sizingatheke popanda phytolamp. M'masiku otentha, mudzafunika mthunzi kuchokera pakulowera dzuwa. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsanso chipindacho pafupipafupi, koma duwa liyenera kutetezedwa kukakonzekera.
Ma hyacinth amakonda kubera. Amamva bwino kwambiri + 20 ... + 22 ° C. M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuyika mbewuyo pamphepete kapena pakhonde.
Monga mbewu zonse za anyezi, hyacinth iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi chisamaliro kuti madzi asasunthe pafupi ndi mababu. Kupanda kutero, kuvunda kumakula msanga. Ndikofunika kuthirira pansi poto. Mafuta osalala, madzi ofunda amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira.
Ndiosafunika kupopera mbewuyo, nthawi zambiri imasinthasintha ngati chinyezi mchipinda. Nthawi yamaluwa, madontho amadzi amatsogolera pakupanga masamba pang'ono.
Hyacinth moyankha amayankha kuvala kwapamwamba. Mukukula kwa nthawi 2-3 nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito mafuta amitundu yonse monga michere kapena kutsamira. Asanakhale manyowa, dothi limathiriridwa ndi madzi ochepa oyeretsedwa.
Pambuyo maluwa, chisamaliro cha hyacinth chimakhala chovuta kwambiri. Kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kwambiri podikirira ma peduncle ndi masamba kuti amere ndikuuma. Mababu amayenera kukumbidwa, kuyang'aniridwa kuti awononge, ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi Karbofos. Kenako amizidwa m'madzi otentha (50 ° C) kwa mphindi 10. Kenako mababuwo amawuma mlengalenga mwatsopano pamalo ozizira, abwino (+ 20 ° C). Sungani ma hyacinths m'matumba a pepala kapena m'mabokosi kwa miyezi itatu. Masabata 8 oyamba, matenthedwe amasungidwa pa + 25 ° C, kenako nkutsika kuti + 17 ° C. Pamaso kutsika kotsatira, muzitenthetsa mpaka + 30 ° C sabata limodzi.
Hyacinth wakunja
M'munda wamtunda, malo abwino owilidwa ndi dothi lotayirira amasankhidwa. Kubzala kumachitika mu kugwa, miyezi 1.5 isanayambike chisanu. Ino ndi yokwanira kuzika mizu, koma peduncle sikhala ndi nthawi yoti iwonekere. Tsopano patha miyezi 1.5-2 mutabzala, ndi nthawi yoyamba kukonzekera malowa. Amakuumba, amaphwanya pansi, komanso kuchotsa udzu ndi mizu yakale. Ngati ndi kotheka, manyowa owola, superphosphate, peat ndi mchenga amawonjezeredwa panthaka. Ufa wa Dolomite umawonjezeredwa ndi dothi lodetsa nkhawa kwambiri.
Mababu okhala ndi masentimita 5 amabzalidwa mpaka akuya 15-18 masentimita kuchokera pansi, mtunda wa 15-20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kwa mababu ang'onoang'ono, zizindikirozi zimachepa. Kuti muteteze nkhokwe ku fungus, pangani pilo ya mchenga 3-5 cm. Kubzala kuyenera kuchitika nyengo yadzuwa. Mukangochenjera, nthaka imathiriridwa.
Kusamalira pafupipafupi kumabwera kuti muchotse nthaka ndi kumasula nthaka. Kutsirira kumachitika pokhapokha ngati mvula sinali nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yogwira ntchito, kudya kumachitika kawiri pamwezi. Zophatikiza zama mineral ndi organic zingagwiritsidwe ntchito (mullein, nitrate, superphosphate, potaziyamu sulfate).
Kusiya ma hyacinths m'munda kwa nthawi yopuma sikulimbikitsidwa. Amakumba chaka chilichonse, kukonzedwa ndi kusanjidwa, apo ayi maluwa amakhala ofooka. Kukumba mbewuyo kukayenera kukhala kale pakati pa Juni, osadikirira kuti masamba afota, chifukwa pamenepa ndizovuta kupeza mababu pansi. Amatsukidwa ndikuthira mankhwala, ndipo atayanika, ndikusungidwa m'malo ozizira.
Chomera chadzapusa
Ndi pulogalamu yachizolowezi yosamalira bwino, pachimake pa hyacinth kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika. Komabe, mawonekedwe a duwa amatha kuthekera nthawi ina. Mwachitsanzo, ku chochitika chilichonse chofunikira. Mothandizidwa ndi kukakamiza, maluwa amawoneka mu Disembala-Meyi.
Ndikofunika kupewa maluwa mu nyengo yapita. Matumba omwe amawoneka adadulidwa pomwepo. Miyezi 2-2,5 isanachitike chochitika, babu amayenera kuyikidwa mufiriji ndi mphika. Dothi limanyowetsedwa bwino. Pakutha kwa sabata lachisanu ndi chitatu mphukira zake zidzawonekera. Akakhala kutalika kwa masentimita 5-6, mphikawo amasamutsidwa m'chipinda chozizira bwino. Kukula kwa mphukira kumachitika m'malo mwachangu, amapeza msipu wobiriwira ndipo masamba amapezeka.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Ma hyacinth amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, koma amavutika ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndikuphwanya pang'ono boma la ulimi wothirira. Mukakhala ndi kachilomboka, masamba ake amayamba kuuma, ndipo maluwa mwina sapezeka konse, kapena ochulukirachulukira ndipo amatha mofulumira. Babu yakumbidwa palokha imakutidwa ndi ntchofu ndipo imakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Popewa kufalikira kwa matendawa, ndikofunikira kuwononga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda limodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko ndikuchita pokonza moyandikana ndi kukonzekera komwe kuli mkuwa.
Tizilombo ta majeremusi nthawi zambiri mumakhala chomera. Nthawi zambiri awa ndi ntchentche zamaluwa, nseru za mealy kapena nthata za akangaude. Mutha kuwachotsa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala amakono ndi ma acaricides.
Nthawi zina, pakatha nthawi yopumira, masamba opangidwa ndi ma hyacinth amakula bwino, ndipo matambalala sawoneka konse kapena kuleka kukula padziko lapansi. Zomwe sizikhala matendawa, koma osasamala. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa chothirira kwambiri kapena kupanikizika. Munthawi yapano, sizingatheke kukonza zinthu, koma m'tsogolo chomera chimakondweretsa ndi maluwa.
