Hyssop ndi fungo labwino la herbaceous kuchokera ku banja Lamiaceae. Ndi ya gulu laling'ono (fuko) la Mint. Mu chilengedwe, chomerachi chimatha kupezeka ku Mediterranean, Central Asia, Crimea ndi Caucasus. Chifukwa cha mitundu yake yakuya ya buluu, hisopo amatchedwa "wort wa St.". Duwa limakonda zitunda zamiyala, zigwa, mapiri odekha, mapiri. Kuphatikiza pa zokongoletsera, hyssop ilinso ndi zina zambiri zosangalatsa. Ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri, chomera cha uchi ndi zonunkhira zabwino. Mbewuyi ndi yonyoza kwambiri, motero iyenera kuyang'ana ngodya m'mundamo.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Hyssop ndi therere losatha kapena chitsamba chotalika masentimita 50-60. Chimadyetsedwa bwino ndi muzu wolimba. Imayambira nthambi zambiri pansi. Amakula mokhazikika komanso ali ndi mawonekedwe a tetrahedral okhala ndi pakati. Malo okhala ndi mphukira atakutidwa ndi khungu lobiriwira lakuda ndi mulu waufupi. Popita nthawi, nthambizo ndi maziko a mitengo yake.
Masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira omwe amakhala pamtunda kapena amakula pang'ono petioles kutalika konse. Atsutsana. Pulasitiki yokhala ndi lanceolate kapena chowulungika imakulira masentimita 2-4 kutalika ndi 4-9 mm mulifupi. Zigawo zonse za chomera zimatulutsa fungo lokhazika mtima pansi ndipo zimawawa kwambiri.
Mu June-Seputembala, pamwamba pa tsindeyo limakongoletsedwa ndi ma inflorescence achidule komanso owoneka ngati mkombero. Ma spikelets ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi ma corollas a 3-7 amakula m'matumbo a masamba apamwamba. Kuchokera kutali, tsinde limafanana ndi kandulo yowala. Mphukira zazing'ono ndizopakidwa ndi matani a lilac, pinki, oyera kapena amtambo akuda. Duwa lokhala ndi milomo iwiri lidayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo. Hyssop ndi chomera chabwino kwambiri cha uchi.
Zipatso za mtengowo ndizochepa kwambiri za mtedza wa ovoid. Pali magawo opitilira 1000 pa 1 g ya mbewu.
Mitundu ya Hyssop
Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, mtundu wa hyssop ndi woposa mitundu 50. Pambuyo pobwereza zomwe zasankhidwazo, mitundu isanu ndi iwiri yokha yotsalira.
Hyssopus officinalis (wopapatiza-leved, wamba). Chomera chokhazikika cholimba chimapanga chitsamba chokhazikitsidwa 20-80 masentimita. Mizu yake yolimba limodzi ndi m'munsi mwa mphukira imalemera mwachangu. Mbali yam'mwamba ya zimayambira imavumbulidwa kapena kuwongoleredwa ndi mulu waufupi. Timapepala totsutsa pafupifupi popanda petioles tili ndi mawonekedwe lanceolate. Amapaka utoto wakuda. Mu Julayi-Ogasiti, mphezi zooneka ngati mbali imodzi, zomwe zimapezeka m'malire a masamba apical, pachimake. Nimbus yokhala ndi milomo iwiri yabuluu, yofiirira, yapinki kapena yoyera imatuluka mukapu yobiriwira yowala. Amtundu wautali wotuluka pakati. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayamwa mu September.
Hyssop choko. Mphukira zamphukira zimakula masentimita 20-50 ndipo zimapanga chitsamba chachitali. Zosiyanasiyana zidadziwika kuti zimakonda kukhazikika pa Cretaceous deposits, kenako ndikupanga nthaka yabwino yopanda mbewu zina. Mu June-Ogasiti, nsonga za mapesiwo zimakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amtundu wabuluu omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mumalo owoneka ngati ma spike. Kuchokera mwa iwo mumatuluka fungo lamtengo wapatali wa basamu.
Kuphatikiza pa zolengedwa, pali mitundu ingapo yokongoletsa yamunda. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi mtundu wa inflorescences. Zina mwazosangalatsa ndi mitundu:
- Pinki flamingo;
- Hoarfrost;
- Chord;
- Dzuwa;
- Amethyst;
- White Nikitsky.
Njira zolerera
Hyssop imafalitsidwa ndi njere, kudula ndi kugawa chitsamba. Mbewu zimagwirabe ntchito mpaka zaka 3-4. Mukakulitsa hisope pambewu, kumbukirani kuti idakulidwa. Chifukwa chake, ana powonekera akhoza kukhala osiyana ndi makolo awo. Mbewu zimapangidwa nthawi yomweyo panthaka kapena mbande zoyamba kubzala.
Pa njira yodzala mbewu, mkati mwa Marichi, mbewu zimagawidwa m'mabokosi osakaniza ndi mchenga. Konzani ma grooves omwe akuya ndi 0,5-1 masentimita ndi mtunda wa masentimita 5 mpaka 10. Mfuti zimawonekera limodzi m'milungu 1.5-2. Masamba anayi owona akawonekera m'magawo, amakwiriridwa mumiphika kapena mabokosi okhala ndi mtunda wa masentimita 5. Mbande pazaka za masabata 7-8 zibzalidwe pamalo otseguka.
Pofesa wopanda mmera kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena koyambirira kwa Meyi, malowo amakumbidwa ndipo mabowo amapangidwa ndikuzama kwa 5-8 mm ndi mtunda wa 50-60 cm.Zomera zomwe zakula zimapetedwa, ndikuwonjezera mtunda mpaka 20 cm. Kuti tipewe mbewu zazing'ono kuti zisakhudzidwe ndi chisanu usiku, zimakutidwa ndi filimu.
Kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena Epulo, chitsamba cholimba cha hisopi pazaka zapakati pa 3-4 chimagawika magawo. Kuti izi zitheke, chomeracho chimakumbidwa zonse ndikudula ndi mpeni kuti zitheke ndi masamba angapo ndi gawo la muzu. Amabzyala nthawi yatsopano. Zomera sizosowa.
M'nyengo yotentha, mutha kuwaza pakati pachitsamba ndi mphukira zamtundu wa lapansi. Zomwe zimayambira zimazikika ndipo zimatha kuziika ngati mbewu zodziyimira pawokha. Kusintha mwachangu, zikumera zimafupikitsidwa ndi 30-50%.
Malamulo Osamalira
Hyssop sikutanthauza chisamaliro chokhazikika, komabe muyenera kusamalira mbewu. Amayenera kusankha malo otseguka ndi dzuwa okhala ndi dothi lotayirira, lopanda tanthauzo. Momwe madzi apansi amayandikira pansi, hisopo amatha kufota kapena kufa. Nthaka ya zamchere pang'ono kapena yosaloweka m'mbali mwa nthaka yomwe imabzala kwambiri. Asanafike, malowo ayenera kukonzedwa. Manyowa ndikunyowa laimu. Mu malo amodzi, chitsamba chimakula pafupifupi zaka 5.
Chisamaliro chachikulu chimacheperachepera ndikumasulira nthaka. Hyssop amavutika ndi udzu, motero amayesa kuwachotsa nthawi yomweyo.
Zomera sizigwirizana ndi chilala, choncho zimathirira madzi nthawi yayitali ngati mvula (nthawi zambiri 2-3 pachaka). Dothi likakhala louma kwambiri ndikusweka, tchire limathiriridwa pamlingo wopezeka ndi zidebe ziwiri zamadzi kudera lililonse la m².
Ndikofunikira nthawi zonse kudula mphukira. Tchire ndizokulungika, kudula mpaka theka la mphukira zachichepere. Zotsatira zake, maluwa adzachulukana, ndipo zomerazo zimapangidwa bwino. Kuti mbewuyo isavutike kwambiri chifukwa chodulira mwachangu, imachitika kawiri pachaka (mwaukhondo kasupe ndikuumba mu kugwa).
Hyssop imalephera kuzizira ndipo nthawi zambiri nyengo yotentha imakhala yopanda polo kumwera kwa dzikolo. M'madera akumpoto kwambiri, kuyambira nthawi yophukira, dothi ndi maziko a mphukirayo amakutidwa ndi pech mulch ndikukulungidwa masamba adagwa. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndikofunikira kuchotsa pogona pakanthawi, kuti chomera chodzaza.
Buluu wa Blue St. John amathandiza kwambiri ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Fungo lake lonunkhira limawopseza tizilombo ku mbewu zoyandikana, kotero kukonzanso pafupipafupi sikofunikira.
Zothandiza katundu
Maluwa, masamba ndi zitsamba za hisope zili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Zina mwa izo ndi:
- mavitamini;
- mafuta ofunikira;
- flavonoids;
- glycosides;
- kuwawa;
- njira;
- maenje.
Pazifukwa zamankhwala, gawo lonse la mbewu limakololedwa. Kutolera kumachitika mu chilimwe pamtunda wa budding. Zida zowuma zimakhala zouma panja pansi pa denga. Popita nthawi, amayamba kununkhira. Mbewuyo imaphwanyidwa ndikuikidwa mu pepala kapena chikwama cha nsalu. Sungani mankhwalawo pamalo abwino komanso podutsa.
Zithandizo za anthu zimachokera ku hisope mu mawonekedwe a decoctions, zakumwa zoledzeretsa, mafuta, mafuta ndi mafuta ambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Ali ndi ziwonetsero, zotupa, bactericidal, diuretic, zolimbikitsa.
Tiyi imathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuthetsa kuzizira, chifuwa, mphuno, ndi mphumu. Lotions imachepetsa ululu ndi kutupa chifukwa chovulala ndi mikwingwirima, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. Malingaliro amatengedwa pakamwa ndi kukhumudwa kwa m'mimba. Amakhala ndi zotsatira zopindulitsa pa thanzi la azimayi (kuchepetsa ululu ndi kusinthasintha).
Hyssop ili ndi zotsitsimutsa komanso zamphamvu zotsatira. Komabe, uku ndi kuphwanya kwawo amayi apakati komanso anthu omwe akuvutika ndi khunyu. Palibe chifukwa sayenera kungomwa mankhwalawo mkati, koma amathanso kununkhira kwa mafuta ofunikira.
Hyssop m'munda
Tchire lobiriwira lobiriwira ndi buluu lokhala ndi inflorescence limawoneka bwino m'mundamu kalembedwe. Amakulolani kuti mupange ngodya yokhota kapena chidutswa cha nyama zamtchire mdzikolo. Nthambi za Hyssop ndizabwino pamapiri ataliatali, m'mapiri amiyala ndi kumapiri a kumapiri.
Chifukwa cha fungo lake labwino, mtengowu umakonda kuphika. Masamba okhala ndi masamba amawonjezeredwa pambale otentha, ndipo hostessyo amaika timitengo ta hisope m'matumba osungira bwino.
