Bougainvillea ndi chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse kapena mtengo wamabowo wokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwinobwino, omwe, ngati petals zowala, amazungulira maluwa ang'onoang'ono. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Niktaginovye. Dziko lakwawo ndi gombe lakumadzulo kwa Latin America. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, wapaulendo Louis de Bougainville adawona maluwa okongola ku Rio de Janeiro. Kale kumayambiriro kwa XX century. adakongoletsa malo osungira zachilengedwe ku Europe. Bordainvillea wokonda kutentha samalekerera kuzizira pang'ono, chifukwa chake imatha kumera m'minda yokha kumwera kwa Caucasus ndi Crimea. Koma monga duwa lachipinda, kukongola kowoneka pang'ono pang'ono kumamveka bwino.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Bougainvillea ndi mbewu yamuyaya yomwe imayang'anana nthawi yayitali. Kutalika kwa mphukira kumatha kufika mamita 5. Pakapita nthawi, tsinde la tsinde limakhazikika ndikukula, ndipo mbewuyo imasanduka mtengo wamfupi. Mphukira zimakutidwa ndi bulawuni wakuda, wamaso amtundu wokalamba. Mawonekedwe akuthwa, otalika amapezeka panthambi.
Masamba a petiole pafupipafupi amakula pa mphukira zazing'ono. Amakhala ndi m'mphepete zolimba ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena ovoid okhala ndi malekezero osaloledwa. Tsamba lamasamba limakulungika pang'ono m'mbali mwake. Ili ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowonekera bwino.
Mphukira zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi maluwa amodzi yaying'ono. White kapena chikasu tubular masamba okhala ndi miyambo yolimba m'mbali mwa mitundu 5. Ziwalo zoberekera sizimatuluka mu chubu. Maluwa enieniwo sawakopa chidwi, koma duwa lirilonse limazunguliridwa ndi maluwa atatu akuluakulu. Amawoneka ngati masamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe opyapyala, ngati pepala. Maso a mitsempha amawonekera pa iye. Mtundu wa maburashi ukhoza kukhala woyera, kirimu, wachikasu, pinki kapena rasipiberi. Maluwa amayamba kuzimiririka ndikugwa mwachangu kuposa masamba owala awa.
Malupanga amtundu wa agulugufe otentha ndi ma pollinator achilengedwe a bougainvillea. Popanda iwo, zipatso sizimapezeka.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Mtundu wa bougainvillea sungathe kutchedwa waukulu. Ili ndi mitundu 14 yokha yazomera. Koma pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana.
Bougainvillea amaliseche. Zosiyanasiyana zidatchedwa dzina chifukwa chosalala, pafupifupi wopanda minga ya tsinde. Masamba obiriwira owala bwino amakula pamwamba pake. Nthawi yamaluwa, yomwe imatha kukhala miyezi isanu ndi inayi kunyumba, maluwa yaying'ono achikasu okhala ndi chubu chachitali azunguliridwa ndi zikwangwani zazikuluzikulu za burashi ya rasipiberi. Amatha kukula mozungulira maluwa amodzi, komanso kuzungulira kwa inflorescence yaying'ono.
Bougainvillea ndi wokongola. Mphukira zazitali zosunthika ndimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira amtundu wakuda pazitali zazitali. Pa maluwa, pafupifupi korona wonse amabisika pansi pa maluwa omwe ali ndi masamba owala. Poyamba, amapaka utoto wofiirira, koma pamapeto pake umayamba kuzimiririka ndikuyera.
Bougainvillea Peruvia. Mphukira zazitali sizimapereka njira zina. Amakutidwa ndi masamba opanikizika, pomwe pansi pake pakubisika. Zosiyanasiyana zimasungunula kuchuluka kwa inflorescence. Mabulogu awo ali ndi mawonekedwe a terry komanso mawonekedwe oterera pang'ono.
Njira zolerera
Bougainvillea ikhoza kufalitsidwa pofesa mbewu, mizu ya tsinde ndikudula. Kubzala mbewu kumavuta chifukwa chakuti pofesa muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zatsopano zokha, zomwe sizimangirizidwa m malo mchipinda chokha. Koma kufalitsa mbewu mwamasamba ndikosavuta. Ndi iyo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomera imasungidwa.
M'mwezi wa Meyi-June, zikutuluka zaka zingapo zokhala ndi theka zodulidwa. Amayikidwa mumiphika ndi msanganizo wa mchenga-ntengo pa kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Kukhalabe wowonjezera kutentha, zidutsazo zimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena mabotolo apulasitiki. Kuti mizu ipangidwe posachedwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchitira gawo lakumunsi ndi kapangidwe kake. Kutentha kwadothi kumakhalanso kwabwino. Ndikubwera kwa mizu, mbewu zimasinthidwa kukhala malo okhazikika pansi m'nthaka za anthu akuluakulu.
Mizu yogona ikhoza kuchitika chaka chonse. Kuti muchite izi, njira yocheperako yocheperako imangokhala kuti ingawononge khungwa. Amayikidwa m'nthaka. Nthambi yayitali ikhoza kupindika pansi mumphika waukulu. Chidebe chaching'ono chimamangirizidwa ku dothi pafupi ndi mphukira yapamwamba. Zomera zimatenga pafupifupi mwezi, pambuyo pake mphukirayo imalekanitsidwa ndi chomera chija ndikuzibzala mumphika wina.
Malamulo akumalo
Bougainvillea ibzalidwe m'mundamo, komano nthawi yakugwa nthawi yozizira ndiyofunika kukumba. Kum'mwera kokha kwa dziko kumakhala nyengo yabwino yopanda. Ndikosavuta kwambiri kubzala maluwa poto nthawi yomweyo, ndipo ndikamakula, ndikusunthira ku maluwa akuluakulu. Mukugwa amabweretsedwa m'chipindacho.
Zomera zing'onozing'ono zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, ndipo kwa wamkulu wamkulu toyesa wina wokwanira ndikokwanira mu zaka 3-5. Izi zimachitika bwino mu theka loyamba la masika. Mizu imayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, ndiye kuti mphika wotsatira uyenera kukhala wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa woyamba. Mutha kusiya chidebe chakale, koma gwedezani mbali ina ya dothi lakale ndikudulira pang'ono mizu.
Dothi labwino kwambiri lodzala bougainvillea liyenera kukhala:
- dziko la turf;
- decusuous humus;
- mchenga;
- peat.
Pansi pamphika uyenera kutaya zakuthupi. Poika mbewu, mizu iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti iwonongeke komanso kuti idulidwe. Dziko lapansi limasungunuka komanso kuthiriridwa madzi osamala. Masiku oyambira a bougainvillea amasungidwa m'malo otetezeka.
Zosamalidwa
Kunyumba, ndikofunikira kuti mbewu ipereke malo okhazikika. Zimakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwina kulikonse, ngakhale kutembenuka kwa mphika komwe kumachokera ku chowunikira, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, kutentha komanso kusamba.
Kuwala Bougainvillea imafunikira kuwala kowala, kosakanikirana. Kuchokera pakulowa kwa dzuwa masana, kugwedezeka ndi nsalu yopyapyala kapena gauze ndikofunikira. Dzuwa likakhala losakwanira, maluwa adzayamba kuchuluka.
Kutentha Kutentha kwakukulu kwa duwa ndi + 22 ... + 25 ° C. M'masiku otentha, chipindacho chimafunikira kupumira mpweya pafupipafupi. Maluwa amakula bwino mu mpweya wabwino, m'malo otetezedwa. Ngati nthawi yotentha imakhala yozizira kwambiri, maluwa a zipatsozi amatulutsa maluwa, koma mabulangeki ake amakhala otuwa ndipo sadzakhala kowala wamba. M'nyengo yozizira, matenthedwe amasintha kukhala + 12 ... + 15 ° C. Kuzizira mpaka + 5 ... + 10 ° C kumabweretsa kudwala ndi kufa.
Chinyezi. Wokhala m'malo otentha amafunikira chinyezi chambiri. Iyenera kuthiridwa nthawi zambiri ndimadzi oyeretsedwa bwino. Pakutha maluwa, madzi sayenera kugwera pa masamba, chifukwa chake gwiritsani ntchito mathirakiti okhala ndi timiyala ndi chinyezi. Kangapo pachaka, duwa limasambitsidwa posamba.
Kuthirira. Zomera ziyenera kukhala zochuluka ndipo nthawi zambiri zimathiriridwa, koma pamtunda padzakhale nthawi yopukuta. Popeza kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kutentha kumatsika, pafupipafupi madzi othirira amachepa. M'nyengo yozizira, nthawi yokhala pansi imayamba, pomwe masamba amtunduwu agwa ndikusintha kwa chinyezi. Kutsirira pafupifupi kumachotsedwa kwathunthu, kumangonyowetsa nthaka pang'onopang'ono.
Feteleza. Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, bougainvillea imaphatikizidwa kawiri pamwezi ndi mchere wopanga maluwa omwe amapezeka mkati. Wovala pamwamba wothiriridwa umathiridwa mu dothi patali ndi mphukira.
Kudulira. Kupanga korona kumathandiza kwambiri pakukongoletsa kwa bougainvillea. Komanso, njirayi imalimbikitsa mapangidwe a masamba ndi njira zina. Mukudulira kwa masika, mphukira imaphwa nthawi yozizira ndipo njira zowonda, zofowoka zimachotsedwa. M'nyengo yotentha, inflorescences yozizira iyenera kudulidwa. Zomera zanyengo zikapangidwa. Mphukira zimafupikitsidwa ndi wachitatu ndi malo owonda kwambiri. Pa mphukira za chaka chino muyenera kukhala osachepera 5-7 cm.
Pansi pa tsinde pang'onopang'ono limakhuthala ndikulemekezedwa. Ndi kuyesetsa kokwanira, bougainvillea imatha kupanga bonsai (mwanjira yaying'ono ndi mtengo wokulira komanso korona wakufalikira), chitsamba cha mitengo yambiri kapena chosema zobiriwira.
Matenda, tizirombo. Bougainvillea imadziwika ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukana majeremusi. Pangokhala kusokonezeka kwakutali mu ukadaulo waulimi komwe matenda a fungal amatha ndi matenda a chlorosis a masamba. Mwa tizirombo tomwe timakhalapo, nthawi zina mungamapeze metebug, aphid kapena kangaude. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tikapezeka posachedwa, ndizovuta zomwe timayambitsa mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyang'ana masamba ndi zimayambira nthawi ndi nthawi. Ngati ndi kotheka, amawaza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
