Forsythia - zitsamba kapena mitengo yotsika-kuchokera kumtundu wa Olive. Amayesedwa kuti akhale ndi maluwa oyamba komanso ochulukirapo, pomwe nthambi zobala zomwe zidakutidwa ndi maluwa ambiri agolide. Mu chilengedwe, zomera zamtunduwu zimapezeka ku Balkan Peninsula ndi ku East Asia. Kwa zaka mazana angapo agwiritsidwa ntchito molimbika pakupanga mawonekedwe. Ngakhale maluwa atatha, tchire ndi lokongola kwambiri. Amakutidwa ndi masamba a emarodi, omwe mu kugwa amapeza malire. Ngakhale Forsythia imakhala yodziwika bwino kumadera otentha, mitundu ina imakhala yolimbana ndi chisanu ndipo itha kupangidwa kukhala kotentha.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Forsythia kapena Forsythia ndi lignified osatha 1-3 m kutalika (m'malo abwino amatha kukula mpaka 6 m). M'tchire mulitali kutalika kwake kuli 1.5-2 m. Tinthu tating'ono kapena tating'ono timakutidwa ndi makungwa a bulauni. Pa nthambi zazing'ono, timapepala ta petiolar timamera pafupi. Amayala zobiriwira zakuda ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Tsamba lomwe limakhala ndi malekezero osongoka mbali limakutidwa ndi mano ang'onoang'ono. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba ndi masentimita 2 mpaka 15. Nthawi zina masamba ophatikizika atatu amakula panthambi.
Kutengera dera, mu Marichi-Meyi nthambi za chaka chatha zidakutidwa ndi maluwa. Mphukira zimaphukira kutalika konse kwa mphukira ndipo zimakhala ndi belu lokhala ndi miyala yayitali, yopapatiza. Maluwa amapaka utoto wonyezimira wowala wachikaso. Amakonda kutseka pamiyala ndimakoma mumvula. Pambuyo kupukutidwa ndi tizilombo, zipatso zimacha - mabokosi ambewu. Kucha, amatsegula payokha. Mkati, zisa zosiyanasiyana, mbewu zam mapiko zimabisidwa.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Zokwanira, mitundu 13 yapatsidwa mtundu wa Forsythia. Zambiri mwa izo ndizofala ku Japan ndi China.
Forsythia ndi yapakatikati (yapakati). Chitsamba chosaphika chimakhala chowongoka, pang'onopang'ono ndikugwadira nthambi pansi. Amakutidwa ndi masamba opyapyala, okhala ndi mano ndi m'mphepete. Masamba ndiwobiliwira bwino. Chakumapeto kwa Epulo, mitanda ya maluwa awiri achikasu achikasu imakhala pafupi ndi masamba. Amakhala panthambi kwa milungu itatu. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Forsythia Lynwood - chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi zomata 2-3 m kutalika kwamakutidwa ndi maluwa achikasu ndi kutalika kwa 35 mm, ndipo pambuyo pake kumatulutsa masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino;
- Zodabwitsa - korona wandiweyani mpaka 2m wamtunda wamtali waukulu (mpaka 4 cm) maluwa owala achikasu;
- Densiflora - chitsamba choyandikira mpaka 1.5 m pakati pa Meyi, yokutidwa ndi maluwa opindika achikasu.
Forsythia ndi European. Chitsamba chokhala ndi nthambi zowongoka mpaka mamita 2 chimamera m'mphepete mwa mapiri a Albania. Amalekerera chisanu ndipo amakonda dzuwa. Nthambi zimaphimba masamba obiriwira okhala ndi m'mphepete osenda masentimita 5-7.Mwezi wa Meyi, maluwa achikasu amatuluka, m'magulu awiri zidutswa 2-5. Kapangidwe ka belu ndi pafupifupi 4 cm.
Forsythia ndi wobiriwira. Chitsamba chobiriwira chakuda chokhala ndi nthambi zotanuka bwino zimakula mpaka 3 m kutalika. Zoyambira zake zimakutidwa ndi khungwa lobiriwira, ndipo masamba obiriwira amdima obiriwira omwe ali ndi mbali zopindika amamera pafupi. Kutalika kwa masamba kumafika masentimita 15, ndipo m'lifupi - masentimita 4. Pakatikati, mabelu amtchire obiriwira amawonekera, atasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Zomera zimagwirizana ndi chilala.
Forsythia ndi ovoid. Korona wa tchire wokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2 m muli nthambi zotumphuka zokutidwa ndi makungwa amaso achikasu. Amakula masamba obiriwira owala osachedwa masentimita 7. Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba amapeza utoto wofiirira. Chapakatikati, maluwa amodzi amaphuka nthambi zopanda kanthu monga momwe belu limakhala ndi mainchesi ofika mpaka masentimita awiri. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Forsythia Goldzauber - mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu yokhala ndi korona wobiriwira, mkati mwa Epulo, imaluwa kwamaluwa akuluakulu;
- Tetragold - maluwa achikasu achikuda okhala ndi masentimita 2-3 amaphimba nthambi za shrub (mpaka 1 mita) shrub.
Forsythia ndi yoyera. Chomera chokongoletsera kwambiri chimakula kutalika kwa 1.5-2 m. Pakati pa kasupe, maluwa akuluakulu oyera oyera atuwa pachimake pamaluwa ambiri otuwa ndipo pakati pakepo sadziwika pang'ono. Masamba obiriwira amtundu wobiriwira wakuda samapitirira kutalika kwa 8 cm. Ngakhale chilimwe, mbali zawo zosinthira zimapakidwa utoto.
Njira zolerera
Forsythia imatha kufalitsidwa ndi njere ndi njira zamasamba. Kubzala mbewu sikugwira ntchito ndipo kumafuna kulimbikira. Mbewu zatsopano zomwe zatsopano zimabzalidwa poyera m'dzinja. M'nyengo yozizira, amakhala ndi masoka achilengedwe, ndipo kasupe woyamba amaphukira. Chaka chotsatira, mbande zimalowa pansi, ndipo patatha zaka 3 zakonzeka kubzala pamalo okhazikika. Mutha kubzala mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mchidebe chamchenga ndi dothi la peat. Amakwiriridwa asanayambe kufesa kwa miyezi 1-1.5 pa kutentha kwa + 1 ... + 4 ° C. Chombocho chimakutidwa ndi kanema. Pakatha masabata 3-6, gawo limodzi la mbewu limera (kumera sikupita 50%). Pakatha chaka, kutalika kwa mbande kudzafika 8 cm, ndipo patatha zaka 3 - 90 cm. M'chaka chachiwiri, mbewu zimalowa pansi panthaka. Afunika pogona pabwino nyengo yachisanu yokhala ndi masamba okugwa. Maluwa amachitika patatha zaka 4-6.
Ndi zomeretsa, zomata, zodula ndi masamba oyambira zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri potula nthambi polumikizana ndi mizu. Kasupe wotsatira, mungofunika kuwadula kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi ndikuwachotsa kumalo okhazikika.
Kufalitsa kwa Forsythia ndi kudulidwa kumakonzekera June, kumapeto kwa maluwa. Kuti muchite izi, dulani wobiriwira mphukira mpaka 15 cm kutalika ndi awiriawiri masamba. Potsika, masamba ake amachotsedwa kwathunthu ndipo mankhwalawo ndi "Kornevin" amachitika. Zodulidwa zimabzalidwa m'mabokosi okhala ndi mchenga wonyowa kuya kwa 1.5 cm ndikufundidwa ndi filimu. Zomera zokhazikika zingabzalidwe pamalo otseguka pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2. Forsythia imafalitsidwanso ndi omwe adadula masamba. Amakolola mu Okutobala, omangidwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chofewa komanso chinyezi mpaka kumapeto. Chapakatikati, zodulidwa zimabzalidwa nthawi yomweyo m'mundamo.
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
Kubzala kwa Forsythia ndikusintha ndikulinganiza kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena Seputembala. M'pofunika kusankha malo a dzuwa, otetezedwa ku zojambulajambula ndi mphepo zamkuntho, zomwe nthawi yozizira imatsogolera kuzizira kwa nthambi. Kuti korona ikule momasuka, mtunda pakati pa mbeu uyenera kukhala masentimita 120-150. Mitundu yaying'ono ingabzalidwe moyandikana.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka, yopanda chonde, yokhala ndi mbali kapena pang'ono zamchere. Forsythia imakula bwino padziko lapansi acidic. Pokonzekera chiwembuchi, dziko lapansi limakumbidwa ndi laimu kapena ufa wa dolomite. Mwala wonyezimira wokhala ndi njerwa wosweka umathiridwa pansi pa dzenjelo 50 cm, ndipo mchenga umayikidwa pamwamba. Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pamwamba.
Mutabzala, tchire limathiriridwa madzi ambiri. M'nthawi yophukira yophukira mchaka choyamba, ndikofunikira kusamalira chomera ndikuchiphimba ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu m'nyengo yachisanu.
Ngakhale mitundu ina ya forsythia imalephera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chilala, yambiri imafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, osati kuchuluka kokwanira. Ndikofunika kuti madzi asasunthidwe m'nthaka, komanso samuma ming'alu. Palibe mvula, masiku khumi ndi asanu aliyense amabwererapo ndowa. Nthaka imamasulidwa nthawi zonse ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa. Popewa kuti asatengedwe ndi kutumphuka kwakuthwa, amatulutsa nyemba ndi manyowa kuchokera pamwamba.
M'chaka, mbewu zimadyetsedwa katatu. Kumayambiriro koyambira, manyowa owola amabalalika pansi pa tchire. Panthawi yamaluwa, zovuta za potaziyamu-phosphorous zimayambitsidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, poyala masamba a chaka chamawa, mbewu zimathiridwa ndi yankho la "Kemira-universal".
Udindo wofunikira posamalira kukakamiza umachitika ndi kudulira. Chilimwe chilichonse, kuyeretsa mwaukhondo kumachitika, kuchotsa nthambi zouma ndi zowuma. Zomera zaka zopitilira 7-8 zimafunikira kuwonda kwa korona ndi kukonzanso. Amadulidwa pafupifupi kwathunthu, kusiya kutalika kwa hemp 4-6 cm. Kuzikongoletsa kumachitika mu June, mutangochita maluwa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, monga maluwa amaphukira pa mphukira zazing'ono. Ngati mwachedwa ndi kudukiza, maluwa a chaka chamawa mwina sangachitike.
Ngati Forsythia sichimatulutsa, kuwonjezera pa kudulira kosakonzekera, chifukwa chake chitha kukhala pazinthu izi:
- malo pamalo otetezedwa kwambiri - kuwala kwadzuwa kuyenera kugwera pachitsamba kwa maola osachepera 6 patsiku;
- chitsamba chakale kwambiri chofuna kukonzanso;
- ozizira kwambiri yozizira.
Forsythia imagwira matenda ambiri komanso tizirombo. Nthawi zina, amadwala matendawa. Zomera ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi fungicide ndikuchotsa malo zowonongeka. Mwa majeremusi pachitsamba, nematode amakhazikika. Kulima dothi "Karbation" kumathandiza kuthana nawo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Golide kumapeto kwa masika, emarodi m'chilimwe ndi violet-chikasu mu nthawi yophukira, tchire la Forsythia ndizokongoletsa kwambiri. Amabzala payokha pafupi ndi chipata, mu ngodya za m'munda kapena pakati pa udzu. Chomera chimawoneka bwino poyerekeza ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba zobiriwira nthawi zonse. Pobzala gulu, amatenga udzu kapena kukulunga m'munda wamaluwa.
Mutha kudzisangalatsa ndi mitundu yowala ngakhale nthawi yozizira. Ndikokwanira mu February kudula nthambi zingapo zachinyamata ndikuyika mu bokosi. Mu masabata 1-2 adzaphuka ndi kukhala maluwa owoneka bwino.
