Mirabilis ndi chomera chapachaka kapena chamuyaya chomwe chimakhala ndi maluwa okongola a tubular. Ndi banja la Niktaginov ndipo limachokera kumadera otentha a mapiri a North ndi Central America. Nthawi zina mirabilis amatchedwa "mirabillis" kapena "kukongola kwausiku." Chowonadi ndi chakuti pafupifupi maluwa owala tsiku lonse amakhalabe otsekeka, ndipo madzuwa amamasuka, kufalitsa fungo lamphamvu, losangalatsa kozungulira. Masana, mirabilis amakongoletsa mundawo ndi chitsamba chomwaza chomwe chikukula bwino.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Mirabilis ndi mtundu wazomera zamtundu wa herbaceous kapena pachaka. Chingwe chake chokhota, ngati chingwe, chimadyetsa. Amapanga timiyala tambiri tachikasu, yokutidwa ndi khungu lachikaso. Tuber michere m'chilengedwe imathandiza mbewu kuti ipirire chilala komanso nthawi yozizira.
Mizu yolimba yolimba imakhala ndi njira zambiri zamtundu, motero mbewuyo imapanga chitsamba chamtunda wa 80-100 cm. Tsamba losalala lonyezimira ndi penti yobiriwira yakuda. Msempha wopepuka amawonekera bwino pakati. Popita nthawi, gawo lam'munsi la mphukira limakhala lireti ndikuphimbidwa ndi khungwa looneka ngati buliri.
M'mwezi wa Meyi-Juni, m'mizere ya masamba komanso kumtunda kwa maluwa owala bwino kumatulutsa kwambiri ndi mainchesi 2-3.5. Amakhala osungika kapena osonkhanitsidwa pansi pa bedi lofanana ndi belu. Corolla mawonekedwe ngati belu kapena utoto wokhala ndi mafoni osakanizidwa umapakidwa utoto woyera, wachikaso kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pinki. Pali mitundu yomwe maluwa omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana amatuluka pachitsamba chimodzi. Ziphuphu zimathanso kukhala zomveka bwino kapena zosiyanasiyananso. Pakatikati pali stamens zazitali komanso zopyapyala zazitali. Akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wosiyana ndi ma phale. Pambuyo maluwa, zipatso zimacha - mabokosi akuda amodzi.
Mitundu ya mirabilis
Mitundu ya mirabilis ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 60 yazomera. Pakusamalira masamba, Yalapa mirabilis ndi mitundu yake amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Mirabilis Yalapa. The herbaceous osatha 30-80 masentimita okwera amakhala ndi mphukira zowongoka, zophukira kwambiri. Amakutidwa ndi masamba akulu owala obiriwira. Mu June, maluwa a corymbose inflorescence okhala ndi maluwa opindika ngati usiku mpaka mainchesi 2,5. Amatulutsa fungo labwino kwambiri ndipo ndi loyera, lapinki, achikaso kapena ofiira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Nthawi ya tiyi" ndiyotchuka pakati pa akatswiri olima maluwa. Amadziwika ndi maluwa ambiri ndipo amaphatikiza ndi masamba omwe ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana (lalanje, rasipiberi, oyera, ofiira, apinki komanso achikasu).
Mirabilis ndi multiflorous. Chipatso cha herbaceous chotalika pafupifupi masentimita 80 chimakhala ndi masamba osawoneka bwino, ophimbidwa ndi masamba apamwamba, opangidwa ndi ovoid okhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala. M'mwezi wa Meyi, inflorescence yomwe imakhala ndi masamba asanu ndi umodzi imamera pachimake pa mphukira ndi m'makoma amatsamba. Amadzuka pabedi limodzi lokhala ngati belu ndipo amatseguka. Maluwa a Tubular ndi ofiirira. Dawo lawo limafikira 4-6 cm.
Mirabilis ndi wozungulira mozungulira. Dzuwa lokwera mpaka 30 cm limakutidwa ndi chowulungika chomata chotalika masentimita 60. Kufikira maluwa atatu ofiira apinki kumapeto kwake. Dongosolo la corolla ndi masentimita 1. Maluwa amatsegulidwa madzulo ndikutseka kumapeto kwa m'mawa.
Kulima mbewu
Ngakhale ma Mirabilis ndi osatha, iwo amakhala bwino. Chifukwa chake, m'minda yakula monga ma chaka. Ndikosavuta kufalitsa mbewu ndi mbewu. Amapereka kudzilimbitsa bwino komanso nyengo yotentha bedi la maluwa limasinthidwa mokha. M'madera akumwera, mbewu zimafesedwa mu Epulo nthawi yomweyo. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani malo owala, malo otseguka ndi dothi lotayirira. Mirabilis amakula bwino pamadothi osaloledwa kapena osasamala.
M'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, mbande ndizobzala kale. Mbewu zofesedwa mu Marichi, ndikugulitsa mbewu imodzi imodzi nthawi imodzi m'miphika kapena zofunikira. Popeza rhizome ndichofunikira, kuthekera kwake kuyenera kukhala kwakuya kwambiri. Kusakaniza kwa dothi kwa mbande kumapangidwa ndi mchenga wowuma, peat ndi dothi louma. M'mbuyomu, mbewuzo zimanyowetsedwa usiku mu njira ya manganese, kenako nkubzala mpaka akuya ma 1.5-2 cm. Zikhala ndi mbewu pa kutentha kwa + 18 ... + 20 ° C ndikukhala pamalo opepuka.
Kuwombera kumawonekera pakadutsa masabata awiri. Mbande zosiyanasiyana miphika sangathe kuyimbidwa. M'mwezi wa Meyi, masiku otentha otentha, amamutengera kunja kuti akaumitse. Masika a masika akamadutsa, mbewu zimabzyala panthaka.
Kufalitsa kwamasamba
Nthawi zina kukongola kwa usiku kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapangidwira ndi ma tubers. Njira imakuthandizani kuti musunge zisonyezo za mbewu ya mayi. Tubers amakumba mu kugwa ndikuyika chidebe ndi utuchi. Amasungidwa mpaka kuphukira mufiriji kapena malo ena pa kutentha pafupifupi + 5 ° C. Chapakatikati, timabowo timabzalidwa pamalo otumphuka kutumphuka.
Zomera zimatulutsa bwino kudula. Mphukira zowoneka bwino zimadulidwa mchilimwe ndikumauma kwa maola angapo mumlengalenga. Kenako chidacho chimathandizidwa ndi "Kornevin" ndipo mbewu zimabzalidwa munthaka lonyowa. Mizu imatenga milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Pakadali pano, kuthirira mosamala zodulira ndikusunga pa kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 24 ° C. Ndikofunika kutenthetsa nthaka kuchokera pansi. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa nthawi zambiri zimamera m'nyumba nthawi yophukira, kenako ndikuziika poyera.
Kubzala ndikusamalira mbewu
Kwa mirabilis, kuyatsa kwambiri ndikofunikira. Chimakula bwino poyera malo ndipo sichita mantha. Koma mthunzi wocheperako kapena pansi pa mitengo yambambande, kukula kwa chomera kumachepa kwambiri, ndipo maluwa sangachitike. Dothi lodzala liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi. Nthaka zapoizoni zimakumbidwa ndi ufa wa dolomite ndi laimu. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu zachikulire umadalira kutalika kwa chitsamba ndipo 25-60 cm.
Mbande zimabzalidwa ndi transshipment kuti zisawononge mpweya wautali. Mukangobzala, nthaka yake imakwiriridwa ndi phulusa kapena peat.
Mirabilis amakonda chikondi. Ndi kuthirira lokwanira, saopa ngakhale kutentha kwambiri, koma samalekerera chisanu. Kale -5 ° C mbewu zimafa. Popeza mizu yake ili pafupi ndi kumtunda, kusungidwa kwamuyaya sikumatheka kawirikawiri mpaka masika. Kumagawo akum'mwera, masamba amadula nthawi yozizira, kusiya masamba ochepa okha. Nthaka yomwe ili pamwamba pamizu imakutidwa ndi masamba agwa komanso nthambi za spruce mpaka kutalika kwa 10-15 cm.
Mirabilis amakonda kutsirira pang'ono. Imagwirizana ndi chilala chochepa. Pakalibe mvula, kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata ndikokwanira. Ngakhale masamba atayika turgor, mukangothilira nthawi yomweyo amabwezeretsedwa. Kuthirira nthawi ya maluwa ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa masamba amatha kugwa osaphuka.
Mirabilis yomwe ikukula mwachangu imafunikira feteleza wokhazikika. Chapakatikati mutabzala, mbande zimaphatikizidwa ndi mineral zovuta maluwa. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumabwerezedwanso katatu nthawi yotentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito organics ndikosayenera. Mukathirira ndikovala pamwamba, nthaka pafupi ndi chomera iyenera kumasulidwa ndikufafaniza namsongole.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Zimayambira zimakula mwachangu kwambiri, motero mirabilis imayamba kukula. Ndi mpweya wosakwanira, phokoso la ufa, dzimbiri, mizu yoola. Kupewa kwamatendawa ndikutsatira boma la ulimi wothirira komanso kupatulira nthenga. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimathandizidwa ndi fungicide ("Fundazole"). Mirabilis amalimbana ndi tizirombo, motero musadandaule za chitetezo kuchokera kwa iwo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mirabilis
Kuyala tchire yokutidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu obiriwira imakhala maziko abwino kwambiri pamaluwa. Popeza maluwa amatseka masana, mirabilis imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lobiriwira kwa ena okhala m'munda wamaluwa. Koma madzulo ndi m'mawa amawongolera kukongola ndi kununkhira. Akalulu ndi mitundu yosakanikirana amakongoletsa ndi mirabilis, ndipo mipanda yolinganizidwa idapangidwa tchire lalikulu. Fungo la chomera ndilalikulu kwambiri, kotero anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi fungo labwino lamankhwala amalangizidwa kuti abzale maluwawo kuchokera kumalo opumulirako. M'munda wosakanizika pafupi ndi mirabilis mutha kudzala petunia, marigold, cloves, daisies ndi daisies.
Kukhala ndi machitidwe okongoletsa kwambiri, mirabilis ali ndi cholinga chamankhwala. Decoctions masamba ndi zimayambira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja ngati anti-yotupa komanso antibacterial. Tubers amapangidwa ngati mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta, ndipo msuzi watsopano umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chilonda pochiritsa.
