Nasturtium ndichomera chomera chamtundu wa herbaceous kuchokera ku banja la Nasturtium. Dziko lakelo ndi Latin America. Mphukira zosinthika, ngati mpesa, zimafalikira pansi kapena nthambi, ndikupanga chitsamba. M'munda wamaluwa, nasturtium ankakonda maluwa akuluakulu owala komanso chisamaliro chosavuta. Ndipo popeza zimatheka ndipo zili ndi mankhwala zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yosavomerezeka. Kuphatikiza pa dzina la asayansi, duwa limapezekanso pansi pa dzina "capuchin".
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Nasturtium ndi maluwa otulutsa pachaka kapena osatha. Zotsalazo sizimalekerera ngakhale zazing'ono zazing'ono, chifukwa chake, m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, ma nasturtiums onse otseguka amakhala okulirapo. Mitengo ya fodya imapezeka kunthaka. Zoyambira zazitali, zosinthika zimatha kukula mpaka 2-3.5 mamita.
Zomera zonse zimaphimbidwa ndi masamba otsatira petiolate, chithokomiro kapena mawonekedwe ogawika pakati. Mphepete ya tsambalo ndi yolimba, pang'ono pang'ono. Mitsempha yopepuka imachoka pakati pa pepalalo mpaka kumapeto, ngati cheza. Masamba osalala ndi obiriwira opepuka.
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, maluwa a nasturtium amatulutsa maluwa akuluakulu ngati gramophone. Amakula pawokha pamayendedwe ataliatali, mu axel yamasamba. Calyx imakhala ndi miyala isanu, chiwerengero chofanana cha kunenepa ndi ovary. Maluwa onunkhira amatha kukhala okoma kwambiri, ngakhale aukali. Ziphuphu zimatha kukhala ndi chikaso, lalanje, pinki, rasipiberi, mtundu wofiirira. Kusintha wina ndi mnzake, masamba amasangalatsa maso mpaka chiyambi cha nthawi yophukira.
Kupukuta kumachitika ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, komanso kuthengo kutinso hummingbird. Pambuyo pake, chipatso chimakhazikika - achene. Kucha, imatseguka ndipo imagawidwa m'mitundu itatu. Mbewu zowola zokhala ndi timiyala tating'ono titalitali tofanana ndi zipewa zing'onozing'ono.
Mitundu ya Nasturtium
Mtundu wa nasturtium, mitundu yoposa 80 yazomera imatha kuwerengedwa. Chifukwa cha obereketsa, mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera yatuluka.
Tastor nasturtium. Mitundu yowoneka bwino pachaka imapangika, mphukira zophukira zomwe zimapanikizika, ndikupanga mpira wandiweyani mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Pansi pa mapesi apansi (stolons) amapanga timachubu tating'onoting'ono ta utoto waminyanga ya njovu ndi maso ofiirira. Pansi pa nthaka pali masamba asanu obiriwira obiriwira. Kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June, masamba obiriwira pamiyala italiitali amakula m'matumbo amitengo. Kapu ya miyala isanu ndi yopotera imapakidwa penti yokongola yofiira.
Kunja kwachilendo. Mpesa wosinthika wautali (mpaka 3.5 m) m'mphepete mwa thandizoli, umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dimba. Masamba obiriwira a corymbal pafupifupi mawonekedwe ozungulira amapanga chivundikiro chobiriwira chopitilira. Mu Julayi, maluwa owoneka ngati utoto wokhala ndi masentimita pafupifupi 2. Amapakidwa utoto wonyezimira.
Nasturtium ndi yayikulu. Chomera chokhala ndi tsinde lopanda kanthu, lomwe limamera mpaka mamita 2.5. Mitundu ina imakhala ngati chitsamba mpaka kutalika kwa 70 cm. Masamba obiriwira odera obiriwira amakula pamtunda wautali. M'mwezi wa June, maluwa owala amasimba ndipo m'mimba mwake ndi masentimita 5-6. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kapena a terry. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Alaska - shrub 25-30 masentimita okwera kwambiri okhala ndi masamba akulu akulu a maluwa a mabo ndi maluwa akulu achikasu kapena a pinki;
- Vesuvius - chitsamba chosapanga bwino ndi maluwa apinki, wokutidwa ndi burgundy mawanga;
- Peach melba - maluwa ofewa a pichesi yokhala ndi malo ofiira m'munsi mwa petal;
- King Theodore - maluwa ofiira ofiira;
- Salmon mwana - liana wokhala ndi maluwa a salmon.
Kukwera kwa Nasturtium. Wodzipanga pachaka wokhala ndi mphukira zam'mbali zomwe zimagunda mwachangu madera akuluakulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira ma verandas, gazebos, khonde, mipanda.
Nasturtium ndi yaying'ono. Mphukira za Grassy zimapanga chitsamba chokulirapo mpaka 35 cm. Masamba ang'onoang'ono a petiolate a petiolate amakula pamenepo. Mu June-Okutobala, mtengowu umakutidwa ndi maluwa achikasu achikuda wokhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 3 cm.
- Black velvet - shrub mpaka 30 masentimita okwera amamasuka akulu (6 cm mulifupi) maluwa akuda-burgundy;
- Cherry rose - chitsamba chowala chopanda masentimita 30 osakhala ndi masamba ofiira.
Njira zolerera
Njira yabwino kwambiri yofalitsira nasturtium ndikubzala mbewu. Zitha kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo panja chisanu mutachokapo kumapeto kwa Meyi. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani miyala yotalika masentimita 1.5-2 ndi mtunda wa masentimita 25-30. Palibe zovuta kukonzekera mbeu zazikulu chimodzimodzi. Ndikwabwino kuphatikiza ndi nthanga za 2-4 kuti zitheke bwino. Amakutidwa ndi dothi laling'ono lapansi, komanso kuzizira kwamphamvu - filimu. Mphukira imayamba kuonekera pambuyo pa masiku 10-15. Mbande imaphuka m'miyezi 1-1.5.
Kuti muthe maluwa kale, nasturtium imabzalidwa pambewu mu Epulo. M'miphika ya peat yokhala ndi dothi lamchenga, mbewu 2-3 zimagawidwa. Amaikidwa m'manda ndi masentimita 2. Zotengera zimasungidwa pamalo abwino owilirapo ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuwunikira. PosoĊµa, mbewuzo ndizitali komanso zimadwala.
Kuti tisungidwe mosiyanasiyana mwa mitundu yokongoletsa bwino yazomera, nasturtium imafalitsidwa ndi odulidwa. Nthawi zambiri, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa malo obiriwira. Akuluakulu, mphukira wophukira bwino wokhala ndi masamba 3-4 amadulidwa. Pansi odulidwa amathandizidwa ndi "Kornevin." Zidulidwa mizu mumchenga wonyowa kapena m'madzi. Ndikubwera kwa mizu, maluwa amabzalidwa m'nthaka yokonzedwa mumipanda kapena panthaka. Chisamaliro chikuyenera kuonedwa kuti chisavulaze mizu yovunda pamtengo.
Kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro
M'munda wamtundu wa nasturtium, muyenera kusankha malo opepuka kwambiri ndi dothi labwino kwambiri, acid. Kukhalapo kwa mandimu kumaphatikizidwa muzomera. Amabzyala pamalo owonekera koyambirira kwa June. Pofuna kuti tisawononge mizu yolimba kwambiri, kubzala kumachitika limodzi ndi miphika za peat. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yachonde pang'ono. Ndi gawo lochulukirapo la feteleza wachilengedwe, masamba ndi mphukira zimakula bwino, koma maluwa amayamba kuchepa. Kuyandikira kwa madzi apansi panthaka sikuloledwa, chifukwa mizu yake imatha kuvunda.
Mukabzala maluwa, amasunga mtunda wa 20 mpaka 40 cm. Nditangochita izi, dothi lodzilungika, ndiye kuti namsongole sazunzika kwambiri, mutatha kuthirira, kutumphuka kokhazikika sikumayamba. Ndikofunikira kuthirira nasturtium nthawi zambiri, koma kuti madzi azikhala ndi nthawi yochoka. Masamba akulu amatulutsa chinyezi chambiri, ndipo chizungulire chosaphukira sichitha kutulutsa madzi akuya. Ndi kuyamba kwa maluwa, kuthirira kumachepa.
Liana amakonda kumanga msipu wobiriwira, kuti akwaniritse maluwa ambiri, zowonjezera mchere zomwe zimakhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zimayambitsidwa. Mbewu zimacha mwachangu komanso podziyimira pakumwaza pansi. Izi zimabweretsa kudzilamulira mosadziletsa. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, maluwa amasowa pomwepo.
Mukugwa, kuthirira kumayamba kuchepetsedwa, ndipo nthaka ikakakika, nasturtium imawonongeka, chifukwa singathe kupirira nyengo yachisanu poyera. Malowa amakumbidwa ndikuwamasulira dimba lanyumba chaka chamawa.
Zigawo zonse za mbewu zimapereka fungo linalake, koma losabwezera, kwa anthu. Nthawi yomweyo, fungo ndilosasangalatsa kwa tizilombo, ndiye kuti nasturtium palokha ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo tizirombo sitivutitsa. Sichosamala kwambiri ndi matenda, pokhapokha ngati kuphwanya teknoloji kungachitike dzimbiri, zowola imvi, masamba amiyala, mphete zokulira. Njira zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi masamba ndi masamba zimayenera kudulidwa ndikuwonongeka. Chomera chonsecho chimagwiridwa ndi fungicide.
Wowotchera nasturtium
Nasturtium itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pongotchinga mundawo, komanso kukongoletsa khonde kapena khonde. Pachifukwa ichi, mmera wokhala ndi mphukira zobzala umabzalidwa mumphika. Kusamalira sizosiyana kwambiri. Chotengera chizikhala chachikulu komanso osati chakuya kwambiri.
Nasturtium imayikidwa m'malo owala bwino kapena khonde lotseguka. Liana akhoza kupachikidwa mumphika panja, kapena chipinda chowongolera nthawi zambiri. Zomera zimathiridwe madzi pafupipafupi ndipo zimadyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa.
Mu nthawi yophukira, m'nyumba ya nasturtium imakondwera motalika ndi maluwa ambiri. Itha kukhala wamkulu ngati osatha. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zimasinthidwa kupita kuchipinda chozizira (+ 13 ... + 15 ° C) ndikuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono. Pofika masika, zimayambira zimatha kutambasuka, motero amachita kudulira mozama komanso kudula.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Popanga mawonekedwe, nasturtium imagwiritsidwa ntchito poima patali ndi patali. Amapanga chophimba chobiriwira chobiriwira panthaka kapena trellis. Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa onunkhira bwino zimawoneka bwino m'mitundu yosakanikirana, kutsogolo kwa dimba la maluwa ndi makoma a arbor. Zimagwira bwino kuphatikiza mabelu, delphinium, ageratum.
Maluwa a Nasturtium ndi masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika kukonza ndi kukongoletsa masaladi, masangweji, sopo. Masamba amafanana ndi kukoma kwa masamba a masamba. Amakhala ndi zowawa, zotsitsimula. Maluwa owuma amakhala ndi fungo labwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito paphwando la tiyi. Zipatso za mbewuzo amazipanga, amakumbutsa kukoma kwa ojambulira.
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa za nasturtium ndizabwino kwambiri. Ndi mankhwala azitsamba ndipo tili ndi mavitamini ambiri. Amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe amamwa kuti alimbitse khungu lathu, amalimbana ndi chimfine ndi tonsillitis, komanso amathandizira scurvy. Broths amapaka tsitsi kuti amalilimbitsa ndikupukuta khungu lamavuto amaso.
Contraindations ku nasturtium amachepetsa kuchepetsa anthu omwe amakonda chifuwa. Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kumakwiyitsa makina am'mimba ndi mucous nembanemba.
