Cymbidium ndi mbewu yobiriwira yobiriwira kuchokera ku banja la Orchidaceae. Amamera m'nkhalango zamapiri zamapiri a Australia ndi Asia. Ma cymbidium akhala akupangidwa kwa zaka zoposa 2000. Ku Japan ndi China, mitundu yambiri imalimidwa m'nyumba ndi m'minda chifukwa cha maluwa okongola ndi fungo labwino. Inde, kusamalira orchid sikungatchulidwe kukhala kophweka, koma kuidziwa siovuta. Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amaopa kubzala maluwa okhaokha. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wonse wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wazomera umapezeka pambuyo pake.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Cymbidium ndi mbewu ya epiphytic kapena lithophytic. Imapezeka pamiyala ndi nthambi za mitengo yayikulu, komanso m'miyala yamiyala pamalo okwera pafupifupi 2 km pamtunda wa nyanja. Mizu ya cymbidium imafanana ndi zingwe zoyera, zofunikira kwambiri kuti zitheke kuposa zakudya. Amakula kuchokera kumapeto kwa oblong pseudobulbs. Izi zimatchedwa kukula kwa gawo lakumunsi la thunthu, pomwe madzi ndi michere imadzunjikana.
Ovoid pseudobulbs 1-15 cm wamtali ndi wandiweyani, ali ndi utoto wobiriwira komanso wokutidwa ndi masamba. Nthawi zambiri mbewu zimalumikizidwa ndi timizere tatifupi, timene timapanga gulu lowonda. Masamba obiriwira owala bwino amatha ndi mawonekedwe osachedwa kapena ozungulira. Masamba a chikopa okhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala m'litali mwake ndi 30-90 cm. tsamba limodzi limakhala ndi zaka zitatu, pambuyo pake limayamba kumwalira ndikufa, ndikupereka masamba ang'onoang'ono.
Maluwa a cymbidiums amapezeka makamaka kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Meyi ndipo amakhala pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Kuchokera pakati pa duwa limamera popanda buluzi, lotalika mpaka 1.5 m. Burashi lotayirira lotsekemera limakhala pamwamba pake, pomwe maluwa 5fungo onunkhira a 5-30 amakhala ndi masamba osalala a sera. Kukula kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake a maluwa amatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mitundu ndi mitundu. Pakatikati pa duwa lotseguka ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 12. Mwambiri, inflorescence imakhala mpaka masabata 8-10. Maluwa onse atatsegulidwa, amatha kudula. Mu vase, cymbidium imamverera bwino.
Ziphuphu zitha kujambulidwa zoyera, zonona, zachikaso, zapinki, zofiirira, zofiirira kapena zofiirira. Zingwe kapena zokutira zowonekera zazingwe zimazungulira mlomo wamlingo wopingasa wokhala ndi kachidutswa kosiyaniranako ndi kansalu koyera kapena kachikasu. M'nyumba, kupukutira ndi zipatso sizimachitika.
Malingaliro odziwika
Ormbidium orchid amayimilidwa ndi mitundu pafupifupi 50. Kuphatikiza pa iwo, pali mitundu ina ya chilengedwe ndi mitundu yokongoletsera. Amatha kusiyana kukula kwake, mtundu wa masamba ndi maluwa, komanso fungo lokhazikika.
Mzere wambiri wa cymbidium. Epiphyte yaying'ono ili ndi ma ovoid pseudobulbs kutalika kwa 3 cm. Mapepala okhala ndi mitsulo yopindika amawongoka kunja ndikujambulidwa utoto wa emarodi. Kutalika kwake sikupitirira 20 cm komanso kutalika kwa masentimita 2. Pafupipafupi, maluwa okongola okwanira 20 amakhala ndi mainchesi 8-10.Ndipangiri za utoto wofiirira zokhala m'mphepete zimasiyana ndi chingwe chaching'ono. Pakatikati pake pali milomo yoyera yokhotakhota yomwe ili ndi malo ang'onoang'ono ofiira.
Cymbidium imadziwika. Orchid kapena orchidphytic orchid amakula masamba owulungika mpaka 70 cm kutalika ndi masentimita 2-3. Maunda oyenda pang'ono amakula masentimita 50-80. Pamtundu wawo wapamwamba pali maluwa amtundu wa maluwa omwe ndi maluwa a 10-15 omwe ndi mainchesi a 7-9 cm. kapena mtundu wa pinki. Milomo yolakwika imakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima ndi madontho woonda.
Tsiku la cymbidium. Chomera cha epiphytic chokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino obiriwira komanso maudindo ataliitali, owonda, pomwe maluwa ang'onoang'ono 5-15 wokhala ndi mulifupi wa masentimita 5. Pazitali zazitali zopyapyala pakati ndipamene pali mzere wowala wofiira. Milomo yopyapyala yoyera imakutidwa kwakunja.
Chimphona cha cymbidium. Chimodzi mwazomera zazikulu kwambiri za epiphytic chimakula mababu a ovoid mpaka 15 cm.Oniwalika mumizere ingapo ya masamba ofunda. Masamba okhala ndi ma lanceolate okhala ndi m'mphepete mwake amakula 60 cm kutalika ndi 3 cm mulifupi. Zoyala zazikulu, zamphamvu pamunsi zimabisika ndi masamba, pamutu pawo mwa burashi lotayirira pafupifupi 60 masentimita, maluwa a 10-15 ndi okhazikika. Masamba onunkhira okhala ndi mainchesi a 10-12 masentimita omwe amapanga timiyala tating'ono tachikasu yobiriwira, yokutidwa ndi mikwaso yofiirira. Pa milomo ya krimu ya wavy ndi malo opanda mawonekedwe ofiira.
Udzudzu wa cymbidium. Mitundu imamera pamiyala ndi pamtunda. Timapepala tating'ono tating'ono tomwe tidapaka utoto wakuda. Mu February-Epulo, maluwa onunkhira onunkhira bwino amaphulika pamtunda wa 15-65 masentimita.Modzi inflorescence pamakhala maluwa a 3-9 okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 5 cm.Miyala yachikasu yoyera imakutidwa ndi mitsempha ya burgundy, ndipo milomo yobiriwira pakati ili ndi mawonekedwe ofiira amdima.
Cymbidium aloe. Chomera chogwirizika cha epiphytic chofika 30cm kutalika, chifukwa cha gulu lambiri la pseudobulbs, limapanga chitsamba chachikulu. Zithunzi zopangidwa ndi masamba opendekera mzere wautali wa masentimita 40. Maluwa achikasu okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 4.5 masentimita ali okutidwa ndi patali yambiri pakatikati. Maluwa amachitika kuyambira Januware mpaka Juni.
Cymbidium ndi yoyera. Mitundu ya Alpine ndiyofala ku Himalayas. Orchid amapanga chitsamba chamtali chokhala ndi masamba opendekera komanso ozungulira. Maluwa onunkhira amakula mpaka masentimita 7.5. Kuzunguliridwa ndi miyala yoyera kapena chipale chofewa, pali mlomo wodziwika bwino wokhala ndi timiyala tating'onoting'ono zachikasu.
Kufalitsa kwa cymbidium
Kukula kwa cymbidium kuchokera ku mbewu, monga maluwa ena aliwonse, ndizovuta kwambiri. Zipangizo zapadera, zodonthetsa komanso sing'anga yama michere ena ndizofunikira. Nthawi zambiri njere zosowa zoteteza ku endosperm zimamera pongokhala ndi bowa. Mbande zimafuna chisamaliro chokhazikika komanso malo ena omangidwa.
Ndiosavuta kufalitsa cymbidium vegetatively, ndikulekanitsa pseudobulb panthawi yothira. Chomera chimachotsedwa mumphika ndipo mizu yake imakhala yopanda chilichonse. Chingwe chomwe chimakhala pakhomalo nthawi zambiri chimagundika ndikupanga mpira wowonda. Zoyeserera ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zithetsedwe. Ndi tsamba lakuthwa, losadetsedwa, mizu youma ndi malo owonongeka amachotsedwa. Zimayambira pakati pa ma pseudobulbs nawonso amadulidwa. Pa gawo lililonse, mphukira pafupifupi zitatu ziyenera kutsalira. Malo odula amamizidwa ndi makala osweka ndikuwokedwa mumiphika yaying'ono yokhala ndi gawo lapansi latsopano.
Mbande zimasungidwa chinyezi chambiri ndikumapopera mbewu nthawi zonse, koma simungathe kuzithirira mpaka mphukira zazing'ono zimatuluka. Kutentha kwa mpweya pa nthawi yozizira kuyenera kukhala + 20 ... + 28 ° C. M'pofunikanso kuunikira kwambiri.
Zinthu Zogulitsa
Njira yothanulira imakhala yopweteka kwambiri pamtengowo, kotero, imachitika kangapo. Ngati chitsamba chakula msanga ndipo ma rhizomes adadzaza mphikawo (pafupifupi kamodzi pa zaka 3-4), kumuika ndikofunikira. Ndikosatheka kutenga chidebe "kuti chikule" nthawi yomweyo. Dothi losakanikirana la cymbidium limapangidwa ndi zinthu izi:
- khungwa labedwa paini;
- peat yozungulira;
- sphagnum moss;
- mchenga;
- zidutswa zamakala.
Pansi pa mphikawo ndi yokutidwa ndi zinthu zotayira. Ngati mababu ndi mizu yowola ikapezeka, imadulidwa mosamalitsa ndikuwathandizira ndi sinamoni yoyambira kapena pansi. Kubzala pseudobulb kumatulutsa kuya komwe. Mutabzala, mbewuyo siyothiriridwa kwa masiku angapo. M'mazaka amenewo pamene kusinthanitsa sikukonzekera, gawo lokhalo la gawo lapansi limalowedwa m'malo.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Kuti cymbidium isakule, komanso kuti ichimbe pafupipafupi, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti ali mndende.
Kuwala Mitundu iyi ya maluwa okongola ndijambulidwe kwambiri, koma imagwiritsa ntchito dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, cymbidiums amatha kuyika pawindo, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito phytolamp. M'chilimwe, mbewu zimayikidwa kumbuyo kwa chipindacho ndikuzisintha kuyambira dzuwa lada. Kuchulukitsa ndi kuchepa kwa nthawi ya masana masana kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono, apo ayi maluwa otaya amasiya maluwa ndikutaya masamba.
Kutentha Cymbidium imakonda zinthu zabwino. Amamva bwino kwambiri + 18 ... + 22 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, kuzizira kumaloledwa mpaka + 15 ... + 18 ° C masana mpaka ku + 12 ° C usiku. M'malo ozizira kwambiri, mbewuyo idzafa. M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwambiri + 27 ... + 30 ° C kumatha maluwa. Nthawi iliyonse pachaka, muyenera kuyesetsa kutsimikizira kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mkati mwa 3-4 ° C.
Chinyezi. Orchids amafunika kupereka chinyezi chambiri pachaka chonse. M'nyengo yozizira, zowonjezera zowonjezera zachilengedwe zidzafunika kulipirira mphamvu yazotentha. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumalimbikitsidwa. Miphika imayikidwa bwino pafupi ndi malo am'madzi, akasupe ang'onoang'ono kapena mathalauza okhala ndi dothi lonyowa. Pakapopera, gwiritsirani ntchito bwino, madzi osalala. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti sisonkhanitsa madontho pamaluwa ndi masamba. M'chilimwe, mbewu zimatengedwa kupita kumlengalenga kuti zitsimikizire kuti pamakhala chinyezi komanso kutentha kwa mpweya.
Kuthirira. Madzi a cymbidium amafunikira monga pamwamba pamtunda. Ndi kuyatsa kwakukulu ndi okhutira, kutsirira kumachitika kawiri pa sabata. Ndikofunikira kuti mupeze malire pakati pamadzi ndikasakanikirana ndi dothi komanso kuyanika kwathunthu kwa gawo lapansi. Pothirira madzi ofunda. Patatha mphindi 15 mpaka 20, madzi amachotsedwa poto.
Feteleza Chaka chonse, cymbidium imadyetsedwa pamwezi ndi ma mineral complexes a orchid. Mukakulitsa masamba atsopano, nyimbo zomwe zimakhala ndi nitrogen yambiri zimakonda. Asanayambe maluwa, nayitrogeni amachepetsa ndikuwonjezera potaziyamu. Mwachindunji pak maluwa, kuvala pamwamba kumayimitsidwa. Njira yothirayo imathiridwa pansi pambuyo kuthirira wamba.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Nthawi zina amalima maluwa amakumana ndi mfundo yoti cymbidium siyimachita maluwa. Cholinga cha izi chikhoza kukhala kutentha kwambiri kwa mpweya. Iyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Ndikofunikanso kupereka kuziziritsa kwa usiku pa 4-5 ° C. Pofuna kuti asagwiritse ntchito mphamvu kwambiri kuti apange njira yoyenera yotentha, nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe maluwa amatengedwa kupita kumalo otetezedwa ku mpweya wokongola.
Ikasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira kapena madzi osalala m'dothi, cymbidium imakhala ndi zowola. Mawonekedwe amtundu wamatsamba pa masamba amawonetsa matenda amtundu. Kutuphuka kwa masamba kungathenso, komwe kumawonekera ndi kutukuka kwa masamba. Palibe chovuta kupulumutsa mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kudula ziwalo zowonongeka, chithandizo cha fungus ndikusintha zina nthawi zina zimathandiza. Onetsetsani kuti mwasintha zomwe zikuchitika mndende.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, maluwa amalandidwa ndi nthata za akangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi tizilombo tambiri. Pankhaniyi, mankhwala atizilombo ayenera kuchitika mwachangu.
