Bacopa ndi chomera chachisanu cham'madzi chokhala ndi udzu wofundidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi maluwa ambiri. Chipinda cha banja la plantain. Amakhala m'malo achilengedwe komanso am'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Latin America, Africa, Australia ndi South Asia. Duwa limapezekanso pansi pa dzina la "Sutera." M'dziko lathu, Bacopa ndiwopanda ulemu, koma ndi wokongola komanso wosadzikuza kotero amayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi alimi.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Bacopa ndi msipu wokhala ndi udzu wokhala ndi mphukira zosinthika komanso zokwawa. Mizu ya fibrous mizu ili pafupi kwambiri ndi dziko lapansi. Ngakhale kutalika kwa mphukira kumatha kufika 70 cm, kutalika kosatha sikupitirira masentimita 10-15. Tsinde lomwe limagona mwachindunji pansi mu internodes limatha kuzika mizu. Kutalika kwake konse, timapepala tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tokhala ngati masamba tating'ono kwambiri pafupi ndi pafupi. Amakula awiriawiri, awoloka. Masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino m'mbali mwake amaphimbidwa ndi notches ang'ono.
Maluwa a Bacopa ndiwotalikirapo komanso ochulukirapo. Pafupifupi nyengo yonse yotentha, mphukira zimakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono a axillary. Amaphuka ngati mafunde: tsopano ochulukirapo, kenako ochepera, koma amapezeka nthawi zonse pamalowo. Corolla yolondola imakhala ndi timiyala tanu tomwe tidasungunuka pachidutswa chochepa. Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amapaka utoto wofiira, wa pinki, woyera, wofiirira kapena wabuluu. Dawo lawo silidutsa masentimita awiri. Pakatikati pake pamakhala zolaula zazifupi zomwe zimakhala ndi ma anthers achikasu owala kwambiri komanso thumba losunga mazira. Pambuyo kupukutira, mabokosi ang'onoang'ono aphimbidwa ndi makhoma owuma zipse. Muli njere zambiri zafumbi.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yokongoletsera
Mpaka pano, mtunduwu umakhala ndi mitundu yopitilira 60 ya mbewu. Zoweta zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa pa izo zidabzala mitundu yambiri yokongoletsa yomwe imasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ya ma petals. Palinso mitundu ina yomwe maluwa amitundu mitundu amatulutsa nthawi imodzi.
Bacopa yopambana. Zomera zosatha zimakhala ndi mphukira zazitali zomwe zimawoneka bwino kwambiri mumiphika yamaluwa kapena m'malo amaluwa ataliatali. Nthambi zowonda ndizophimbidwa kwambiri ndi masamba owala obiriwira ovate omwe ali ndi mbali zamkati. Nthawi ya maluwa (kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala), mbewuyi imakutidwa ndi maluwa ambiri a tubular okhala ndi miyala yambiri. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Golide wa Olimpiki - mphukira mpaka 60 cm wokutidwa ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira golide, komanso maluwa oyera;
- Bluetopia - imayambira mpaka 30 cm kutalika kwake ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono obiriwira aolivi ndi maluwa a buluu;
- Scopia Double Blue ndi chivundikiro chosatha chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso maluwa akulu ofiirira.
Bacopa Monier. Zimayambira zimayenda pansi. Amakutidwa ndi masamba owoneka bwino a mawonekedwe obovate. Maluwa okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mainchesi a 1-2 cm amapaka utoto, utoto kapena utoto. Chomera chimapezeka pamadothi osefukira ndipo chimatha kukula pang'ono m'mphepete mwa madzi.
Bacopa Caroline. Izi osatha imamera m'malo otentha kapena m'madzi oyera. Zimayambira mpaka 30 cm wamtali zimakula mwachindunji, zimakutidwa ndi masamba owaza ozungulira a kuwala kubiriwira. Masamba ake akagundika ndi dzuwa, masambawo amakhala ofiira. Amaluwa mu mitundu yaying'ono yowala ya buluu.
Bacopa ndi waku Australia. Chomera chochepa, chopanda tsinde chimamera m'mphepete mwa madzi. Nthochi zimakutidwa ndi masamba ozungulira kapena masamba owotcha mpaka 18 mm kutalika. Masamba adapakidwa utoto wonyezimira wobiriwira. Maluwa amatulutsa pamwamba panjira. Mitundu yawo ya petals ndi yowoneka bwino.
Njira zolerera
Bacopa imafalitsa ndi mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Pakufalikira kwam'munda, magawo a mphukira 8-10 cm amagwiritsidwa ntchito .. Kudula kumadulidwa bwino mu Januwale-Marichi kapena mu Ogasiti-Sepemba. Amazika mizu mumchenga wamchenga. Masamba oyambira ayenera kuyikidwa m'nthaka, ndikuti kuyambira m'masiku ochepa mizu yoyamba idzaonekere.
Nthawi zambiri, mphukira zomwe zimakhudzana ndi nthaka, ngakhale popanda kudzipatula ku chomera cha mayi, zimapanga mizu. Ndikokwanira kumadula mphukira yozikika motere ndikuyiyika ndi mtanda wina padziko lapansi.
Mbande ndizobzala kale kuchokera ku mbewu za bacopa. Kuti muchite izi, mu nthawi yamasika, zotengera zimadzaza ndi dothi lotayirira, lomwe limanyowa kwambiri. Mbeu zing'onozing'onozi zimasakanizika ndi utuchi ndikugawa padziko lapansi. Ndikokwanira kuzifinya pogwiritsa ntchito thabwa. Zotetezazo ndizakutidwa ndi filimu kapena chivindikiro ndikuyika chipinda choyatsidwa bwino ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 22 ° C. Tangi imakhala mpweya wabwino tsiku lililonse ndikupopera. Kuwombera kumawonekera m'masiku 10-14. Mbewu zikamera masamba enieni 1-2, zimakwiriridwa mu chidebe china ndi mtunda wa masentimita awiri. Pakalipano panthaka, dothi liyenera kumezedwa ndi feteleza. Kutentha kwa mpweya kunja kukukhazikitsidwa pa + 12 ... + 15 ° C, mbande zimayamba kupirira kwa maola angapo kuti ziume. Patatha sabata limodzi, mbewuzo zimabzalidwa poyera kapena mapoto amaluwa m'malo okhazikika.
Kusamalira mbewu
Kusamalira bacopa sikovuta kwambiri, koma chomeracho chimafunikira kupatsidwa chidwi.
Tikufika Bacopa ingabzalidwe pamalo otseguka kapena mumiphika. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti nyengo yotentha, bacopa sikhala yozizira ndipo imamera m'munda ngati pachaka. Kubzala nthaka kuyenera kukhala ndi acidity yochepa. Zosakanikirana za zinthu zotsatirazi ndizoyenera:
- mchenga (magawo awiri);
- deciduous humus (magawo awiri);
- land sheet (1 gawo);
- peat (1 gawo).
Kuwala Kuti maluwa atchuke kwambiri, mbewuyo izikhala ndi kuwala kosalala. Kuwala kwadzuwa kwamadzulo kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha. Penumbra yaying'ono imaloledwa.
Kutentha Bacopa amalimbana ndi kuzizira ndi usiku. Itha kumera mumsewu kuyambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala. Chomera chimapanda kuzizira mpaka -5 ° C, koma osati motalika. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zamkati zizisungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Pankhaniyi, mphukira zimakhalabe zoyumbika, ndipo nthawi yophukira kutulutsa kwamtambo watsopano kumabwera. Ngati Bacopa imasungidwa nyengo yachisanu, masamba ayamba kuwuma ndikugwa.
Kuthirira. Bacopas amakonda chinyezi; nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono. Madzi osefukira padziko lapansi amaloledwa. Thirirani mbewuyo ndi madzi ofewa, oyera.
Feteleza. Popeza duwa limapanga mwachangu masamba obiriwira ndipo limamasula kwa nthawi yayitali, popanda kuthira feteleza limatha. Kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Okutobala, katatu pamwezi, bacopa imaphatikizidwa ndi yankho la zomangamanga zomwe zimapanga maluwa.
Kudulira. Ngakhale pazomera zazing'ono, amayamba kutsina nsonga za mphukira kuti apange njira zoyendera nawo. Pambuyo yozizira, ndikofunikira kudula theka la zimayambira, makamaka ngati atatambalala komanso opanda kanthu.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Bacopa amalimbana ndi matenda obzala komanso tizirombo tambiri. Nthawi ndi nthawi m'malo a mthunzi kapena chilala choopsa, korona wake amakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zovala zoyera. Pambuyo pa chithandizo choyambirira ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizirombo timazimiririka. Kuti muchotse mphutsi, kukonzanso kumachitika pambuyo pa sabata.
Bacopa mu aquarium
Mitundu ina ya bacopa, mwachitsanzo, Caroline ndi Australia, m'malo achilengedwe amakula m'malo a marshy kapena m'mphepete mwa madzi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana ma aquarium. Zomera ndizochulukirapo, zopanda chidwi ndikuyeretsa kwamadzi ndipo zimakula mphukira. Chifukwa cha maubwino awa, ndi abwino kwa oyambira oyenda pansi pamadzi.
Kuti bacopa ikule bwino, ndikofunikira kuti ipereke kuwala kowunikira. Madzi azikhala ofewa komanso osakanikirana pang'ono. Pokhala ndi madzi olimba, komanso ngati mulibe kutentha, kukula kumachepetsa kapena kusiya. Kutentha kwakukulu kwamadzi pakukula kwa bacopa ndi + 18 ... + 30 ° C. Ndikofunikanso kuwubzala m'nthaka yopanda zodetsa zachilengedwe. Mitundu ina imaphukira pansi pamadzi, koma maluwa ambiri amapezeka pamwamba pa tsinde.
Gwiritsani ntchito
Zoyambira zazitali, zomwe zimakula mwachangu kwambiri zimakhala ndi maluwa ndi masamba. Ndizabwino kwambiri pakukula pamakonde, pamiyala, komanso m'munda. Poto wamatumba ungathe kuyikidwa pabwaloli pazipilala za m'midzi kapena pakhoma la nyumbayo. Bacopa imatha kupirira kutentha, kupweteka kwamphamvu kwa mphepo ndi mabingu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imasungabe kukopa kwake.
Komanso, mbewu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chivundikiro pansi kapena pamiyala. Ndi thandizo lawo, amakongoletsa m'mphepete mwa maiwe ndi zinthu zina zothandiza. Imatha kupirira kumizidwa kumadzi ndi kusefukira kwamadzi. Mphukira zimatha kumamatira pamalo aliwonse, ndikupanga makapeti owongoka kapena opindika. Mothandizidwa ndi bacopa, mutha kupanga chimango chabwino cha dimba la maluwa. Chimawoneka bwino pafupi ndi petunia, nasturtium, fuchsia, lobelia.
