Tillandsia ndi masamba osatha ochokera ku banja la bromeliad. Mwachilengedwe, imatha kupezeka ku America (kuchokera kumwera kwa USA kupita ku Chile). Mitundu yambiri komanso yosiyanasiyana imayimiriridwa ndi mitundu ya epiphytic ndi yapadziko lapansi. Maluwa am'nyumba amatulutsa maluwa osangalatsa komanso odabwitsa monga maluwa amkati. Sikuti amachoka, koma amadabwa ndi masamba osazolowereka komanso inflorescence. Nthawi zina zimawoneka ngati nthenga za mbalame zokongola kapena mutu wa jellyfish, ndipo nthawi zina zolengedwa zina zopeka.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Tillandsia ndi udzu, wobala pang'onopang'ono. Oimira ambiri amtunduwu amakhala pamisomali ndi mitengo yamvula yamvula. Maluwa ena adazolowera kukhala ndi moyo pamiyala. Onsewa amakhala ndi chizimba chofewa komanso chosalimba, chomwe chimangokhala kukonza. Chakudya chachikulu ndikupezeka masamba.
Kutalika kwa wamkulu mpakaandsia ndi masentimita 5-60. Mapulogalamu osasunthika amakala ali ndi mawonekedwe ochepa, osalala. Pamalo obiriwira a pepalali, mikwingwirima yofiirira komanso nthawi zina zimawonekera. Kutalika kwa pepalali kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 5 ndi 35 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 3-12 mm. Tsamba lonse, kapena gawo lokhalo lake, limakutidwa ndi timapepala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatenga madzi ndi michere kuchokera mumlengalenga.
Mu Seputembala, ntchintchi chooneka ngati maluwa. Mphukira zimakutidwa ndikubisidwa ndi perianths yolimba ya rasipiberi kapena mtundu wa lalanje. Amapangidwa awiriawiri mbali ya tsinde. Maluwa amatulutsa 1 kapena 2 nthawi. Mitambo yofewa yofiyira ngati buluu imafanana ndi njenjete, yomwe imangokhala phee kuti ikapumire pa chowala chowala. Dongosolo la corolla lotseguka ndi 20-25 mm. Zokwanira, mpaka masamba 20 ali pa inflorescence; maluwa ake akupitilira mpaka Januware.
Pambuyo maluwa, rosette imamwalira ndipo mpakaandsia amapita kukakhala matalala. Mu nyengo yotsatira, mphukira zatsopano zimapanga masamba opangidwa. Kutulutsa kamodzi kumakhala mpaka zaka 5. Ngakhale mbewu ya mayi isanafe, ana akhoza kupezekanso. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti adzipatule mchaka cha zikamera ndikukula payokha.
Mitundu yotchuka yaandandsia
Mitundu ya Tillandsia imakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 400. Amagawika m'minda yamlengalenga ndi yapadziko lapansi. Tillandsia, m'mlengalenga kapena epiphytic, ali ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono kwambiri. Masamba ake ndi okutidwa ndi mamba owala, chifukwa chake amajambulidwa ndi imvi kapena siliva. Oyimira osangalatsa kwambiri a gululi ndi awa:
- Tillandsia ndi weevform. Kuti muwonekere wokongola kwambiri, mtunduwu umatchedwa "Spanish moss" kapena "ndevu zachikale." Mphukira zophukira zomwe zimamera mpaka 1 mita kutalika. Amakutidwa ndi masamba opendekera a silcons mpaka 5 cm kutalika ndi pafupifupi 1 mm. Crohn amapanga zowopsa. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imaphukira ndi maluwa achikasu obiriwira obiriwira. Amakulitsa ngati chomera chokulirapo.
Tillandsia sichimasulidwa - Tillandsia "mutu wa jellyfish." Chomera chimakopa ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Masamba ake amaphatikizika ndi mababu owaza ndi opindika pamwamba. Mwa izi, amafanana ndi thupi la jellyfish kapena octopus. Masamba obiriwira ochepa okhaokha amakula pakati. Kuwoneka ngati mantha kwamaso kwa spikelets zingapo zopyapyala kumajambulidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanitsa bwino.
Tillandsia "mutu wa jellyfish" - Tillandsia xerography. Duwa limapanga rosette laling'ono. Masamba obiriwira siliva amafika m'lifupi mwake masentimita 1-2 ndi kupindika pang'ono molowera mbali yolunjika. The peduncle ndi wamkulu komanso wokongola. Mulinso ndi maluwa obiriwira obiriwira omwe amatulutsa maluwa ofiirira kapena abuluu.
Tillandsia xerography
Mpaka mpaka wobiriwira wobiriwira kapena msipu wobiriwira amakula munjira yapamwamba. Amasankha dothi lapadera ndikuliyika mumphika. Oimira gulu lino akuphatikizira izi:
- Tillandsia Anita. Maonekedwe okongoletsa bwino ali ndi dambo losalala lamasamba obiriwira. Nthonje ndi masamba aatali amangokhala ndi mamba pang'ono. Pa maluwa, aifupi, obovate inflorescence a mitundu yapinki. Pamenepo, kuyambira pansi, lilac kapena maluwa ofiirira.
Tillandsia Anita - Tillandsia Duer. Rosette ya masamba imakhala ndi masamba ofanana, amtali wamtambo wakuda bii. Pa peduncle yopyapyala ndimtundu wautali, wamizere iwiri pamakutu. Muli ndi maluwa opinki kapena a lalanje osakanikirana limodzi. Maluwa oyera ang'onoang'ono amabisala pansi pa mabatani.
Tillandsia Duer - Tillandsia ndi buluu. Chomera cholimba chofika mpaka 25cm komanso chotalika masamba obiriwira obiriwira ofanana ndi chimanga. Amamasuka ndi kanyumba konyengerera komwe kamajambulidwa mu lilac kapena pinki. Maluwa ofiirira okha kapena abuluu amatulutsa khutu.
Tillandsia buluu
Njira zolerera
Tillandsia imafalikira mwa mbewu ndi njira zamasamba. Mitundu ya mbatata yokha ndi yomwe ingabzalidwe kuchokera ku mbewu. Chapakatikati amagawidwa pamchenga ndi dothi la peat ndikumapanikizidwa pang'ono. Mbewu zimapakidwa ndi kuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Zomwe zili ndi mbande zimasungidwa m'chipinda chomwe chimawunikira komanso kutentha kwa mpweya + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera mkati mwa masabata awiri. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, timapepala totsimikizika 2-3 timapangidwa pamalowo, ndipo timathanso kuwaika mumphika wina.
Mitundu yonse ya tillandsia imakhala ana. Njira yokhala ndi mizu yaying'ono ingathe kulekanitsidwa ndikugawika. Mitundu yake pa nthawi yakukula iyenera kukhala hafu ya miyeso ya amayi. Mizu yazomera zobiriwira zimachitika m'nthaka. Zomera zaku Atmospheric zimakhazikika pa driftwood kapena chidebe chapadera. Imadzaza ndi sphagnum, makala ndi peat. Tillandsia ndiwodziwikiratu ofalitsidwa ndi odulidwa. Ndikokwanira kupatula mphukira iliyonse ndikuikonza. Ikupitiliza kukula ngati chomera cha mayi.
Malamulo Ogulitsa
Zotengera zazikulu ndi zosaya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mpaka kuandsia, chifukwa mphukira yakeyo sinakuchepera. Kuika mbewu pafupipafupi pachomera sikofunikira. Ndikofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kusintha gawo lakale. Ana ambiri akapangidwe, amafunika kulekanitsidwa ndikuwayika mumiphika yawo. Malingaliro a Atmospheric safuna mphika konse. M'masitolo amagulitsidwa ndi chidutswa kapena mwala. Mukamabzala, ndikofunika kusamala kuti zisawononge chomera chosalimba.
Nthaka ya tillandsia iyenera kutsakidwa bwino komanso kukhala ndi michere. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito magawo osagwirizana kapena osagwirizana kapena acidic acid. Kukhalapo kwa laimu m'nthaka sikovomerezeka. Zosakaniza zoyenera za orchids ndi zomera za bromeliad. Zitha kupangidwa popanda:
- moss sphagnum;
- zidutswa za makungwa a paini;
- makala ophwanyika;
- dziko lokometsetsa;
- mizu ya fern.
Panyengo iliyonse yamtambo, kumtunda kumalowedwa m'malo ndi watsopano.
Zinthu zake
Tillandsia amafuna kuti wamaluwa asamalire mbewu za bromeliad. Izi zimatha kutchedwa kuti kwathunthu. Komabe, kudziwa malamulo oyambira ndikotheka.
Kuwala Mitundu yonse ya tillandsia imakulidwa mumthunzi wowala kapena pang'ono. Mitundu ya Atmospheric imakula bwino muzipinda zamdima, ndipo mitundu yaamphika imafunikira zipinda zopepuka. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kuti izi ziwululidwe dzuwa m'mawa ndi madzulo. M'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kowoneka bwino kwa greenandandia kumafunikira tsiku lonse.
Kutentha Tillandsia imafuna kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mumtunda wa 5-8 ° C. Kutentha kotheratu kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi + 22 ... + 28 ° C. Kuchulukitsa kukafika + 35 ° C ndipo kutsika kufika + 10 ° C ndikuloledwa. M'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuyika maluwa pamsewu, pomwe amabwera pafupi ndi zachilengedwe zomwe ali mndende. Mumsewu, maluwa amaikidwa pansi pa denga. Mvula nyengo yotentha imakhala yozizira kwambiri kwa iwo.
Chinyezi. Pafupi ndi mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri. Korona amaphwanyidwa tsiku lililonse ndi madzi oyeretsedwa bwino. Zomera za Atmospheric zimafunikira maspota atatu patsiku. Kuwala kochulukirapo, Tillandsia yapamwamba imafunikira. Mwezi wa Okutobala -February, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika m'mawa. Ndikofunikanso kuyang'anira chipindacho nthawi zonse. Pakatha miyezi iwiri iliyonse, maluwawo amakhala osamba bwino. Mchitidwewu suyenera kuchitika nthawi yamaluwa, apo ayi udzakhala wa kanthawi kochepa.
Kuthirira. Chofunika kwambiri ndi mtundu wa madzi othirira. Liyenera kugwa mvula kapena kutsukidwa bwino. Khlorine, laimu ndi zinthu zina zosayera zimakhudza kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mbewu. Plaque imatha kupanga kumbuyo kwa masamba. Mitundu ya Atmospheric imanyowetsa nthaka nthawi zambiri, pokhapokha itauma. Zomera zophika zimathiridwa madzi pang'ono, koma pafupipafupi. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono. Madzi akuyenera kuthiridwa pakatikati pa tsamba. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mumafunikira kumiza mumphika mu beseni ndi madzi.
Feteleza. Miyezi iwiri iliyonse, mpakaandsia amadyetsedwa ndi ma mineral complexes a bromeliads. Chomera chathanzi ndikokwanira komanso theka la feteleza. Amabweretsa kuchokera ku Marichi mpaka Seputembara. Ndikofunika kulingalira kuti gawo lazakudya za duwa limalandira kudzera masamba. Chifukwa chake, kuvala pamwamba sikumangoyikidwa m'nthaka (pakati pa tsamba), komanso kuthira madzi kuthirira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo. Kuphwanya malamulo okhala mndende, ndiko kuti kuchepa kwa madzi ndi kuthirira kwambiri, kuwonerera masamba kungayambike. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, masamba amathandizidwa ndi fungicides, koma kuthekera kopulumutsa mbewuyo ndizochepa kwambiri. Maluwa okhudzidwa kapena zigamba zake ziyenera kuwonongeka nthawi yomweyo. Tillandsia amatha kuvutitsidwa ndi nthata za akangaude, tizilombo tambiri, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mealybugs. Tizilombo timene timalimbana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
