Echinocactus ndi mtundu wa mbewu zosatha zokhala ndi tsinde loyambira. Ndi a banja la a Cactus ndipo amagawidwa m'chipululu cha Mexico komanso madera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States. Mutha kumasulira dzina la chomera ngati "hedgehog cactus." Izi ndichifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake ofanana ndi hedgehog wopindika. Chokomera pang'onopang'ono ichi ndi minga yokongola chitha kupezeka masiku ano m'nyumba zambiri padziko lapansi. M'malo achilengedwe, limafikira modabwitsa, koma mkati mwake limakhala laling'ono kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo limakondwera ndi ma spines achikuda.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Echinocactus ndi mpweya wamuyaya. Pansi pa nthaka pali mizu yazitali yoyera. Pang'onopang'ono amawuma mtanda wonse. Pachifukwa ichi, mphika umafunika chomera chambiri komanso chakuya. Zomera zing'onozing'ono zimafanana ndi mipira yaying'ono yamtambo yokutidwa ndi singano zazitali, zolimba. Damu la munthu wamkulu wamkati echinocactus nthawi zambiri limaposa masentimita 40. Tsinde limakhala ndi malo obiriwira obiriwira. Zikamakula, mawonekedwe a mbewu amasintha pang'ono, amatambalala pang'ono.
Pali nthiti 25 255 zokhotakhota kutalika konse kwa tsinde. Nthiti zimaloledwa ndikuwoneka bwino pansi. Amakutidwa ndi arenes okhala ndi minga yaminga. Mu areola iliyonse, mumakhala ma spine olunjika pakati komanso mpaka khumi ndi awiri opindika. Kutalika kwa ma radial spines kumatha kufika 3 cm, ndipo apakatikati amakula mpaka 5 cm. Onse a achinyamata ali ndi vuto loyera kapena lachikasu, lomwe limayamba kufupika. Pamwamba pa chomeracho pamakutidwa ndi chipewa chofewa chautali.
Echinocactus pachimake mchaka cha makumi awiri cha moyo. Maluwa amapezeka mu Meyi-Juni. Pamwamba, mphukira wautali umaonekera, pomwe pamakhala duwa loyera lofiirira lokhala ndi timiyendo tating'ono. Corolla ndi yayitali masentimita 7 ndi 5 cm. mbali yakumbuyo ya chubu imamverera kupindika. M'mphepete mwa miyala ya phaleyo amawapaka utoto wakuda kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Echinocactus
Mu mtundu wa echinocactus, pali mitundu 6. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa ndi echinocactus gruzoni. Chozungulira ichi chimafika masentimita 40. Nthiti zake zimakutidwa ndi timiyala tating'ono, tating'ono. Masingano, ndi maluwa amtsogolo, amapaka utoto wonyezimira. Ma cacti achichepere amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala pang'ono, ndipo zitsanzo zakale ndizodukaduka komanso monga mbiya. Kunyumba, mtunduwu umatchedwa "mbiya wagolide". Alimi ambiri a maluwa akufunafuna redinocactus Gruzoni ofiira, koma mbewu zotere sizipezeka mwachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri, ogulitsa achinyengo samasokoneza spine wamba wachikasu ndi utoto wofiira. Palibe vuto, koma singano zazing'ono zimamera mtundu wachikaso wamba.
Echinocactus ndiwosakhazikika. Chomera chachikulu chimatha kufika mamita awiri mulifupi ndi 1.5mm mulifupi. Pamwamba pa tsinde ili mpaka 25 nthiti zazitali. Masewera opezeka pafupi kwambiri ndi mitsitsi ya imvi yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 3.5-4.5. Masamba osiyanasiyana nthawi zonse amakhala m malo ocheperako ndi maluwa owala achikasu a tubular.
Echinocactus Parry. Pesi lozungulira mpaka 30 cm lalitali limakutidwa ndi khungu laimvi. Pa mpumulo, nthiti za wavy zimakhala ndi kutalika (mpaka 10 cm), spines yokhotakhota. Zomera zazing'ono ndizophimbidwa ndi singano zofiirira-zapinki, koma ndi msinkhu zimawala ndikuyamba kukhala zoyera.
Kodi cactus amafalitsidwa bwanji?
Echinocactus kubereka ana ndi mbewu. Tsoka ilo, ana amawoneka kawirikawiri. Ndondomeko iyenera kupatulidwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi umodzi. Iwouwitsidwa m'masiku atatu mlengalenga, kenako imazika mumchenga wonyowa kapena chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi peat. Sikufunika kukumba mmera. Ndikokwanira kuzikankhira pansi ndikuchichirikiza ndi mano. Njirayi imatenga miyezi 1-2. Pambuyo pa izi, mutha kupititsa zitsulo zozika mizu kumalo osatha.
Mbewu zimadziwika ndi kumera bwino. Ndikwabwino kuzifesa kumapeto kwa February. Mutha kuchita izi nthawi zina pachaka, koma muyenera kuwonjezera mbande. Pobzala, muli zokhala ndi dothi lotayirira komanso mchenga zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthaka iyenera kuwerengedwa usanabzalidwe. Mbewu zimagawidwa pamtunda, kuthiridwa ndi madzi ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi. Wobiriwira watsala pamalo owala pamtunda wa + 26 ... + 30 ° C. Kuwombera kumawonekera pambuyo pa masabata 1-2. Amapitilizabe kukhala pogona kwa mwezi umodzi ndipo pokhapokha pang'onopang'ono amazolowera kusowa kwake.
Zinsinsi Zosamalira
Monga oimira ambiri a banja la a Cactus, echinocactus sifunikira chisamaliro chokhazikika. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, pang'onopang'ono ukuwonjezeka ndipo nthawi zambiri amatengera cholowa. Kuti musunge zokopa, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mbeu yabwino. Imakonda kuunikira kwambiri ndi maola ausana masana. Dzuwa lolunjika silidzapweteka khungu lakuthwa. Pang'onopang'ono, tsinde limagwada ndikuwonongeka kuchokera kumbali yakuwala, kotero ndikofunikira kuti musunthire mphoto nthawi ndi nthawi.
Echinocactus ayenera kusamalira kutentha. M'dzinja, nthawi zambiri limalekerera kutentha kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yozizira ndibwino kuti lizisunga + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Kuzizira m'munsimu + 8 ° C kumapha chomera. Kuyambira pakati pa kasupe ndikulimbikitsidwa kutumiza poto ku khonde kapena khonde. Kusintha kwatsiku ndi tsiku mkati mwa 7-8 ° C kudzapindulitsa echinocactus.
Cactus samawonetsa zofunika pakuwonjezera chinyezi. Itha kuthiridwa ndi madzi kapena kutsukidwa ndi dothi pansi pa madzi osamba. Potere, madzi sayenera kugwa pamaluwa.
Echinocactus ayenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri, koma osatero. Madzi othirira ayenera kukhala otentha komanso oyeretsedwa bwino. Pakati pa kuthirira, gawo lapansi liyenera kuti liume bwino. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, kunyowetsa nthaka osaposa kamodzi pamwezi.
Kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala, echinocactus amatha kudyetsedwa. Gwiritsani ntchito nyimbo zapadera za ma suppulents, omwe amalowetsedwa m'nthaka mu mawonekedwe osungunuka. Ndikokwanira kuwonjezera 1-2 servings ya feteleza pamwezi.
Thirani ndikuchitika zaka 2-5 zilizonse. Mbewu ikakula, nthawi zambiri imafunikira iyo. Mphika umafunika kukhazikika, popeza tsinde lalikulu limalemera kwambiri. Kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu pang'ono kuposa koyambirira. Mukasankha chidebe chachikulu nthawi yomweyo, mizu imatha kuvunda chifukwa chinyezi chambiri.
Dothi la echinocactus liyenera kuphatikizapo zinthu izi:
- dziko la turf;
- pepala lapansi;
- mchenga;
- pumice wosweka;
- makala osankhidwa.
Pansi pa thankiyo mumakhala yokutidwa ndi dongo kapena zinthu zina zotulutsira madzi. Poika mbewu, muyenera kuyesa kuchotsa gawo lakale pamizu. Izi zidzathetsa nthaka acidization.
Tsoka ilo kwa wamaluwa ena, echinocactus kwenikweni sapanga ana. Nthawi zina zimawonekera pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa tsinde. Ndikotheka kuputa mawonekedwe, ndikupangitsa kuti zikande zingapo pamtunda. Komabe, kusamala kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: echinocactus yowonongeka imazindikira kwambiri kuwola. Ngati mbewu ili kale ndi ana, sikofunikira kuwasiyanitsa. Makatani amtundu wowoneka bwino.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Ndi olakwika kuthirira boma, echinocactus amatha kudwala fungal matenda. Zimakhudza mizu ndi mitengo yake. Ndikofunika kupewa kuthilira kwamadzi munthaka komanso kusakhazikika m'chipindacho, makamaka kutentha kochepa.
Nthawi zina echinocactus amagwidwa ndi mealybugs ndi tizilombo tambiri. Tizilombo toyambitsa majeremusi tiyenera kuchotsedwa pansi pogwiritsa ntchito burashi yolimba. Zitatha izi, chomeracho chimatsukidwa ndi samba yambiri yofunda, kenako ndikuthira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
