Chrysalidocarpus (Areca) ndichomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse chokhala ndi masamba okongola ngati masamba a kanjedza. Komabe, mosiyana ndi kanjedza wamba, mitundu yambiri yamkati ilibe thunthu. Nthambi zingapo za udzu zimamera panthaka nthawi yomweyo, ndikupanga nkhongono, koma zofowoka. Pankhaniyi, chrysalidocarpus amatchedwa "kanjedza." Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Palm ndipo umagawidwa ku Madagascar, komanso ku Oceania ndi Trrop Asia. Mu chikhalidwe cha zipinda, kanjedza ndizofala kwambiri. Ndikosavuta kumusamalira ndikumayang'anitsitsa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakulolani kuti musankhe chomera chosangalatsa kwambiri.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Mtundu wa chrysalidocarpus umaphatikiza mbewu zokhala ndi mitengo kapena zitsamba. Mwachilengedwe, amatha kumera kutalika kwa 6-10 m, koma zowerengera zamkati sizidutsa masentimita 50 mpaka 200. Ma vayas amtali wautali amakhala ndi petiole yowuma, yopanda mawonekedwe. Pa nthambi iliyonse pamakhala timipanda tating'ono tingapo 40-60. Tsamba lobiriwira lakuda lili ndi m'mbali komanso malekezero osongoka. Mtengo wa kanjedza umaphuka pang'onopang'ono. Kukula pachaka kuli pafupifupi 15-30 cm. Komanso, chitsamba chimakula chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha mizu yambiri.
Maluwa amapezeka mu Meyi-Juni, komabe, zitsanzo zamkati sizimakonda kusangalatsa ndi maluwa. Mu masamba sinuses mantha inflorescence amapangidwa, zomwe zimakhala zazing'ono, maluwa achikaso a akazi ndi akazi. Chifukwa chodzipukuta, zipatso zimacha - zipatso zachikasu zokutira. Bulosi lililonse limakhala ndi mbewu. Mbewu ndizopweteka, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumabweretsa kukula kwa zilonda zam'mimba komanso khansa yam'mimba.
Mitundu ya Chrysalidocarpus
Botanists ndi mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya chrysalidocarpus. Nayi ena a iwo:
Chrysalidocarpus ndi chikasu. Chomera chophukidwa bwino kwambiri kuchokera pamunsi chimalola kuti tizizika mizu. Mapesi achichepere ndi petioles amapaka utoto wachikasu. Ali ndi malo osalala komanso opindika. Tsamba lililonse limakula mpaka mamitala 2. Kutalika kwa waya ndi 80-90 cm. Kufikira masamba 60 a masamba opezeka pa pechedole. Ma axillary inflorescence ndi burashi wokhala ndi maluwa okhala ndi maluwa ochepa achikasu.
Chrysalidocarpus atatu-stamen. Mtengowo ndi masamba owongoka kuchokera pansi. Kunyumba, imatha kufikira 3 m kutalika. Ma plates a glossy ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso amawongolera. Nthawi yamaluwa, imakhala yowonda kwambiri komanso yotsekemera mandimu.
Chrysalidocarpus Madagascar. Mtengo wa mgwalangwa uli ndi mtengo wachikale ndi thunthu limodzi. Thunthu lake limakulitsidwa pamunsi ndipo limakutidwa ndi khungwa loyera. Kutalika kwa mtengowu kumafikira 9 chilengedwe. masamba obiriwira a cirrus amapaka utoto wobiriwira. Kutalika kwa racemose inflorescence ndi 50-60 cm.
Chrysalidocarpus catechu (kanjedza kwa Betel). Mtundu wotchuka wokhala ndi thunthu lalikulu komanso masamba amtali, owongoka. Mwachilengedwe, thunthu lake limakhala lalitali mamita 20 ndi 50 cm. Masamba obiriwira omwe amapanga ndi masamba owoneka bwino. Mitundu imakonda kubzalidwa kumwera m'minda kuti azikongoletsa malowa. Maluwa ndi zipatso ndi osowa kwambiri.
Njira zolerera
Chrysalidocarpus amafalitsa pofesa mbewu kapena mizu yake. Njira iliyonse ndiyosavuta ndipo imapereka zotsatira zabwino. Mbewu za Chrysalidocarpus zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthawi ya masana ikayamba kuchuluka. Asanabzale, ayenera kuthira m'madzi ofunda (30 ° C) kwa masiku 2-4. Kenako njere zimagawidwa m'mabokosi okhala ndi mchenga wonyowa komanso nthaka ya peat mpaka akuya masentimita 1.5-2. Mbande zimawonekera pakatha miyezi 3-4. Azisungidwa m'chipinda chowala bwino ndi kutentha kwa + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Pomwe tsamba loyambilira limapezeka, mbande zimazidulira mumiphika yosiyana ndi mainchesi 12 mpaka 12 cm.
Mukukula kwa mitundu yambiri yamkati, mizu imapangidwa. Amalumikizidwa ndi chomera cha amayi, koma ali ndi mizu yawo. Chapakatikati, ndikofunikira kupatula njira yotsogola ndi tsamba lakuthwa. Malo odulawo amawaza ndi makala oswedwa, pambuyo pake chomeracho chadzalidwa mumphika wina wocheperako. Nthawi yamasika ndi nthawi yotentha, mmera umamera mwamphamvu ndikuyamba kukula masamba ndi mphukira zatsopano.
Malamulo Ogulitsa
Chrysalidocarpus sakonda kuziika, chifukwa sizichitika kawirikawiri, pomwe chizulacho chikukula. Chomerachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kuwononga mizu yochepa thupi. Podzala, sankhani mphika wokhala ndi mabowo okumba, pansi pomwe dothi lakuya limatsanuliridwa. Izi zimatenga chinyezi chambiri mukathilira ndipo zimapereka monga momwe dothi limawira.
Dothi la chrysalidocarpus lifunika thanzi komanso lopepuka, liyenera kukhala:
- dziko la turf (magawo awiri);
- pepala la humus-sheet (mbali ziwiri);
- peat (gawo 1);
- manyowa owola (gawo limodzi);
- mchenga (gawo 1);
- makala (magawo 0,5).
Pambuyo poika, ndikofunikira kuthirira mbewuyo ndikuyisiya m'chipinda chowala chowala.
Kukula Zinsinsi
Chrysalidocarpus imadziwika ngati chomera chosasamala, chosavuta kusamalira. Komabe, zomwe takumana nazo zingapindulitse wophunzirayo ndikupangitsa kuti kusamalira kanjedza ndikosangalatsa komanso kosavuta.
Kuwala Chrysalidocarpus imafunikira kuwala kowala, kuwala kowongolera dzuwa kumaloledwa pa korona. Pakutentha kwamphamvu, ndikofunikira kuti mupeze korona kuyambira dzuwa lamasana kapena kuti mulowetse chipindacho nthawi zambiri. Palibe vuto ngati ili mu mpweya watsopano. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kukonzanso mtengo wa kanjedza m'chipinda chopepuka, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito nyali za fluorescent.
Kutentha Kutentha kokwanira kwa mtengowo ndi + 22 ... + 25 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, mutha kutsitsa ziwonetserozi kukhala + 16 ° C, koma osatsika. Sikoyenera kupanga mwatsatanetsatane kusinthasintha kwa kutentha; chrysalidocarpus ilibe nthawi yopumula.
Chinyezi. Mtengo wa kanjedza umafuna chinyezi chachikulu (60% kapena kuposa). Iyenera kuthiridwa nthawi zonse ndikuyikidwa pafupi ndi kasupe wamadzi. M'nyengo yozizira, ndikofunikira kusunthira mbewu kutali ndi ma radiators. Nthawi yotentha, masamba amasambitsidwa kusamba kawiri pamwezi. M'nyengo yozizira, njirayi imachitika nthawi zambiri kapena kupatulidwa. Ngati kusamba sikutheka, timapepala tiyenera kutsukidwa kuchokera kufumbi ndi nsalu yonyowa.
Kuthirira. Chrysalidocarpus amafunika kuthirira kambiri komanso pafupipafupi. Dothi louma liyenera kuuma masentimita awiri, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mphika. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, kulola nthaka kuti iume. Madziwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofewa komanso amasamalidwa bwino. Kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala madigiri 1-2 kuposa kutentha kwa mpweya.
Feteleza. Chrysalidocarpus zakudya zimafunika pachaka chonse. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana ndi mchere wa masamba azitsamba kapena mitengo ya kanjedza. Mu Epulo-Okutobala, feteleza wosungunulira amamuthira nthaka kawiri pamwezi, nthawi yonse yokhayo kumeza feteleza kamodzi pamwezi ndikokwanira.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Chrysalidocarpus salekerera kuzimiririka ndi madzi mu nthaka. Chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera, kuvunda kwa mizu kapena matenda oyamba ndi masamba pamasamba angayambe. Poyamba, mawanga ang'onoang'ono a bulauni amayamba kukula ndikuwononga mbewu yonse. Kuti tigonjetse bowa, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse madera omwe akukhudzidwa ndikuwongolera nthaka ndikuwombera chithandizo ndi yankho la fangayi.
Nthawi zina pamtengo wa kanjedza, makamaka pamalo owonekera, nthata za akangaude, mealybugs ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhazikika. Tizilombo toyambitsa majeremusi timatha kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo cha zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Ndi choko chakotoni choviikidwa mumadzi, pukuta chisoti chonse ndikuwombera. Njira yofulumira komanso yothandiza kwambiri yothanirana ndi majeremusi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Ndikokwanira kupopera mbewuyo ndipo padzakhala tizilombo tambiri. Kuwononga mphutsi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika mobwerezabwereza ndi masiku 5-7.
Nthawi zina chrysalidocarpus ndi mawonekedwe ake amawonetsa zolakwika posamalira:
- Malangizo a masamba awuma - mpweya mchipindacho ndi wouma kwambiri;
- masamba amatembenukira chikasu - kuyatsa kwambiri kapena kuthirira kosakwanira;
- mawanga a bulauni pamasamba ndi mphukira - Zizindikiro za kuvunda chifukwa chosayenda m'madzi m'nthaka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Chrysalidocarpus chimakwanira bwino mkati, osasamala mawonekedwe ake. Masamba obiriwira komanso masamba obiriwira amabweretsa chilengedwe pafupi. Amadziwika kuti chomera chimatha kuyamwa madzi ambiri, omwe kenako amatuluka. Chifukwa chake, chrysalidocarpus sichimangokonda ndi maonekedwe okongola, komanso chimakweza mpweya wabwino mnyumbamo. Amachotsa nthenga za benzene, formaldehyde, komanso mpweya wa monoxide.
Kunyumba, mbewu zimagwiritsa ntchito zipatso zake ngati mankhwala wowerengeka. Ma alkaloids ndi ma tannins ali ndi zochuluka. Mothandizidwa ndi zamkati mwa zipatso amalimbana ndi mphutsi ndi m'mimba. Komabe, musaiwale za kuwopsa kwa mbewu. Pofuna kupewa kulakwitsa, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa mkati.
